{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:28:46Z","timestamp":1792009726227,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T11:01:13Z","timestamp":1656068473000},"page":"100507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Risk factors for group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infections: A case control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3461-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole J.","family":"Moreland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianne","family":"Sika-Paotonu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Carapetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-6665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-1536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603693","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatic heart disease, 1990-2015","volume":"377","author":"Watkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2701.191791","article-title":"Rising ethnic inequalities in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, New Zealand, 2000-2018","volume":"27","author":"Bennett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2606.181462","article-title":"Distribution of streptococcal pharyngitis and acute rheumatic fever, Auckland, New Zealand, 2010-2016","volume":"26","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0242107","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242107","article-title":"The incidence of sore throat and group A streptococcal pharyngitis in children at high risk of developing acute rheumatic fever: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Pearce","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0005","article-title":"Descriptive analysis of group A Streptococcus in skin swabs and acute rheumatic fever, Auckland, New Zealand, 2010\u20132016","volume":"8","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007038","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-007038","article-title":"Preceding group A streptococcus skin and throat infections are individually associated with acute rheumatic fever: evidence from New Zealand","volume":"6","author":"Oliver","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab180","article-title":"Serological profiling of group A streptococcus infections in acute rheumatic fever","volume":"73","author":"Lorenz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218687","article-title":"Influence of socio-economic and other factors on rheumatic fever occurrence","volume":"7","author":"Vlajinac","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0009","series-title":"Modifiable Risk Factors for Acute Rheumatic Fever: A Case-Control Study","author":"Baker","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0010","first-page":"329","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors in the etiology of rheumatic fever","volume":"32","author":"Adanja","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01854.x","article-title":"The primary prevention of rheumatic fever","volume":"46","author":"Kerdemelidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224515","article-title":"Risk factors for acute rheumatic fever: literature review and protocol for a case-control study in New Zealand","volume":"16","author":"Baker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006577","article-title":"The role of social determinants of health in the risk and prevention of group A streptococcal infection, acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Coffey","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3368","article-title":"Burden of acute sore throat and group A streptococcal pharyngitis in school-aged children and their families in Australia","volume":"120","author":"Danchin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy150","article-title":"Primary prevention of rheumatic fever in the 21st century: evaluation of a national programme","volume":"47","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0016","series-title":"Census Population and Dwelling Counts","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0017","series-title":"Methodology Report 2015\/16: New Zealand Health Survey","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4126-9","article-title":"Understanding group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infections as causes of rheumatic fever: protocol for a prospective disease incidence study","volume":"19","author":"Bennett","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.10.014","article-title":"Comparison of group A streptococcal titres in healthy children and those with pharyngitis and skin infections","volume":"84","author":"Bennett","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0020","series-title":"Housing and Health Guidelines","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-020-00302-z","article-title":"Household crowding measures: a comparison and external test of validity","volume":"22","author":"Torshizian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Happ Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.08.008","article-title":"NZiDep: a New Zealand index of socioeconomic deprivation for individuals","volume":"62","author":"Salmond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0022","series-title":"Historical Census of Housing Tables: Crowding","author":"Bureau","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32835461d3","article-title":"Streptococcus and rheumatic fever","volume":"24","author":"Cunningham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00975-2","article-title":"Acute Rheumatic Fever-a chink in the chain that links the heart to the throat","volume":"4","author":"McDonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001558","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever after group A streptococcus pyoderma and group G streptococcus pharyngitis","volume":"36","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.21.2.60","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in health: pathways and policies","volume":"21","author":"Adler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0027","article-title":"Emergency DepartmentPresentations by Children in Remote Australia: A Population-based Study","volume":"8","author":"Dossetor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.08.002","article-title":"The infectious complications of atopic dermatitis","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606522001225?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606522001225?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:37:29Z","timestamp":1763001449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666606522001225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S2666606522001225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6065","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors for group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infections: A case control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100507","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100545","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100507"}}