{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T06:59:56Z","timestamp":1782457196309,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015539","name":"Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001030","name":"National Heart Foundation of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014834","name":"Distretto Tecnologico Aerospaziale della Campania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014834","name":"Distretto Tecnologico Aerospaziale della Campania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014834","name":"Distretto Tecnologico Aerospaziale della Campania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1154273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1154273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T14:59:52Z","timestamp":1678460392000},"page":"100723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The population effect of a national policy to incentivize chronic disease management in primary care in stroke: a population-based cohort study using an emulated target trial approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4846-2840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine E.","family":"Andrew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muideen T.","family":"Olaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachlan L.","family":"Dalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joosup","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Churilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Sundararajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda G.","family":"Thrift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Cadilhac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha A.","family":"Lannin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Barnden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velandai","family":"Srikanth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique F.","family":"Kilkenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10258","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.602615","article-title":"Risk and cumulative risk of stroke recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Mohan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.020376","article-title":"Multimorbidity in stroke","volume":"50","author":"Gallacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib4","first-page":"CD007858","article-title":"Blood pressure-lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack","volume":"7","author":"Zonneveld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib5","first-page":"CD002091","article-title":"Interventions in the management of serum lipids for preventing stroke recurrence","volume":"3","author":"Manktelow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib6","first-page":"CD009103","article-title":"Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke","volume":"5","author":"Bridgwood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013794","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions to prevent cardiovascular events after stroke and transient ischemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Deijle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011083","article-title":"Patterns of use and discontinuation of secondary prevention medications after stroke","volume":"96","author":"Dalli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib9","first-page":"CD006560","article-title":"Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12325","article-title":"Understanding long-term unmet needs in Australian survivors of stroke","volume":"9","author":"Andrew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"7433","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7433.220","article-title":"Rethinking management of chronic diseases","volume":"328","author":"Lewis","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"S8","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01745.x","article-title":"Chronic disease management in primary care: from evidence to policy","volume":"188","author":"Dennis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5694\/mja18.00333","article-title":"Care of patients with chronic disease: achievements in Australia over the past decade","volume":"209","author":"Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.15.1909","article-title":"Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness: the chronic care model, Part 2","volume":"288","author":"Bodenheimer","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib15","series-title":"Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2010.07.005","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of a comprehensive programme of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in general practice: the PREseAP study","volume":"64","author":"Brotons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.020888","article-title":"Effects of a disease management program for preventing recurrent ischemic stroke","volume":"50","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13306","article-title":"Effectiveness of a shared team approach between nurses and doctors for improved risk factor management in survivors of stroke: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Olaiya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2010.00430.x","article-title":"Protocol and pilot data for establishing the Australian stroke clinical registry","volume":"5","author":"Cadilhac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib20","series-title":"National, state and territory population","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib21","series-title":"Use of Medicare chronic disease management items by patients with long-term health conditions, catalogue number PHC 7","year":"2022"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv254","article-title":"Using big data to emulate a target trial when a randomized trial is not available","volume":"183","author":"Hernan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000207817.32496.cb","article-title":"Validity of a prescription claims database to estimate medication adherence in older persons","volume":"44","author":"Grymonpre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4427","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15391","article-title":"Towards better reporting of the Proportion of days covered method in cardiovascular medication adherence: a scoping review and new tool TEN-SPIDERS","volume":"88","author":"Dalli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib25","article-title":"Comparison of comorbidities of stroke collected in administrative data, surveys, clinical trials and cohort studies","author":"Kilkenny","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Inf Manag"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030656","article-title":"Hospital presentations in long-term survivors of stroke: causes and associated factors in a linked data study","volume":"51","author":"Andrew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1159\/000520700","article-title":"Optimal measures for primary care physician encounters after stroke and association with\u00a0survival: a data linkage study","volume":"56","author":"Ung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib28","series-title":"Presentation and inference. Applying quantitative bias analysis to epidemiologic data","author":"Lash","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib29","series-title":"Medicare-subsidised GP, allied health and specialist health care across local areas: 2013\u201314 to 2017\u201318","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib30","series-title":"Medicare-subsidised GP, allied health and specialist health care across local areas: 2021\u201322","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib31","first-page":"CD011153","article-title":"Payment methods for outpatient care facilities","volume":"3","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1881","article-title":"The effects of pay-for-performance programs on health, health care use, and processes of care: a systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Mendelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9836","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60240-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study","volume":"380","author":"Barnett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020915144","article-title":"Taking charge after stroke: a randomized controlled trial of a person-centered, self-directed rehabilitation intervention","volume":"15","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1071\/AH19169","article-title":"Predictors of ED attendance in older patients with chronic disease: a data linkage study","volume":"44","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2017.11.001","article-title":"Effect of incentive payments on chronic disease management and health services use in British Columbia, Canada: interrupted time series analysis","volume":"122","author":"Lavergne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Policy"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266660652300041X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266660652300041X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:39:50Z","timestamp":1763001590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S266660652300041X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S266660652300041X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6065","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The population effect of a national policy to incentivize chronic disease management in primary care in stroke: a population-based cohort study using an emulated target trial approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100723","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100723"}}