{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:08:25Z","timestamp":1786993705624,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009131","name":"Direktion f\u00fcr Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017534","name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017534","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T06:03:50Z","timestamp":1700719430000},"page":"100973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Quality in screening and measuring blood pressure in China's primary health care: a national cross-sectional study using unannounced standardized patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2718-1748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanyuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yancun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sensen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7438-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong (Roman)","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9455","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17741-1","article-title":"Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data","volume":"365","author":"Kearney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19043","article-title":"Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015","volume":"317","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10239","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30122-7","article-title":"Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations","volume":"395","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032380","article-title":"China hypertension survey investigators. Status of hypertension in China: results from the China hypertension survey, 2012-2015","volume":"137","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.627741","article-title":"Trends in prevalence of hypertension and hypertension phenotypes among Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991-2015)","volume":"8","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"10112","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32478-9","article-title":"Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from 1.7 million adults in a population-based screening study (China PEACE Million Persons Project)","volume":"390","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000087","article-title":"Measurement of blood pressure in humans: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"73","author":"Muntner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4987","article-title":"Screening for hypertension in adults: US preventive services task force reaffirmation recommendation statement","volume":"325","author":"Krist","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000154900.76284.F6","volume":"111","author":"Pickering","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/01823246-201122020-00002","article-title":"Blood pressure measurement guidelines for physical therapists","volume":"22","author":"Frese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiopulm Phys Ther J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002843","volume":"39","author":"Stergiou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001197","article-title":"Sources of inaccuracy in the measurement of adult patients' resting blood pressure in clinical settings: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Kallioinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50701","article-title":"How to measure blood pressure accurately","volume":"213","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib16","first-page":"209","article-title":"National primary care hypertension prevention and control management guidelines 2020 edition","volume":"36","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Circ J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-017-0751-0","article-title":"Clinical implications of different blood pressure measurement techniques","volume":"19","author":"Drawz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002663","article-title":"Knowledge, perception and practice of health professionals regarding blood pressure measurement methods: a scoping review","volume":"39","author":"Todkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02689.x","article-title":"Unannounced standardised patients in real practice: a systematic literature review","volume":"41","author":"Rethans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2013.842916","article-title":"Assessment of clinical skills with standardized patients: state of the art revisited","volume":"25","author":"Swanson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Teach Learn Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040792","article-title":"Comparing quality of primary healthcare between public and private providers in China: study protocol of a cross-sectional study using unannounced standardised patients in seven provinces of China","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.180190","article-title":"Quality of care: measuring a neglected driver of improved health","volume":"95","author":"Akachi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czaa152","article-title":"Comparing the use of direct observation, standardized patients and exit interviews in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of methods of assessing quality of primary care","volume":"36","author":"Aujla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023997","article-title":"Assessing the quality of primary healthcare in seven Chinese provinces with unannounced standardised patients: protocol of a cross-sectional survey","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.306779","article-title":"Improving data surveillance resilience beyond COVID-19: experiences of primary heAlth care quAlity cohort in China (ACACIA) using unannounced standardized patients","volume":"112","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1590\/s1679-45082014ao2984","article-title":"Theoretical and practical knowledge of nursing professionals on indirect blood pressure measurement at a coronary care unit","volume":"12","author":"Machado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib27","first-page":"65","article-title":"Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of migraine","volume":"17","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib28","first-page":"24","article-title":"Chinese hypertension prevention and control guidelines 2018 revised edition","volume":"24","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2337\/cd18-0105","article-title":"Standards of medical care in diabetes-2019 abridged for primary care providers","volume":"37","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvab104","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap): tackling data collection, management, storage, and privacy challenges","volume":"21","author":"Van Bulck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-008-7068-3","article-title":"When to use the odds ratio or the relative risk?","volume":"53","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12698","article-title":"Estimating risk ratios and risk differences: alternatives to odds ratios","volume":"324","author":"Holmberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A\u00a0modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101715","article-title":"Overestimation of risk ratios by odds ratios in trials and cohort studies: alternatives to logistic regression","volume":"184","author":"Knol","year":"2012","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib35","series-title":"Clinical guidelines for the management of hypertension","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d442","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d442","article-title":"Improving cardiovascular health at population level: 39 community cluster randomised trial of Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP)","volume":"342","author":"Kaczorowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4064","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4064","article-title":"Impact of community based screening for hypertension on blood pressure after two years: regression discontinuity analysis in a national cohort of older adults in China","volume":"366","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020589","article-title":"Current practice of usual clinic blood pressure measurement in people with and without diabetes: a survey and prospective 'mystery shopper' study in UK primary care","volume":"8","author":"Stevens","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.11.1946","article-title":"Impact of a program to improve adherence to diabetes guidelines by primary care physicians","volume":"25","author":"Kirkman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfcli.2017.02.001","article-title":"Quality of blood pressure measurement in community health centres","volume":"27","author":"Sandoya-Olivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Enferm Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001669","article-title":"Use of standardised patients for healthcare quality research in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"4","author":"Kwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2860-7","article-title":"Directly observed care: can unannounced standardized patients address a gap in performance measurement?","volume":"29","author":"Weiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib43","article-title":"Barriers to accurate blood pressure measurement in the medical office","volume":"9","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prim Care Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-012-9738-8","article-title":"Evaluation of adherence to international guidelines for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kuwait","volume":"35","author":"Al-Taweel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2014.07.001","article-title":"Office blood pressure measurement practices among community health providers (medical and paramedical) in northern district of India","volume":"66","author":"Mohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4278-8","article-title":"The relationship between psychosocial risk factors, burnout and quality of life among primary healthcare workers in rural Guangdong province: a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Asante","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-021-01695-x","article-title":"Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study","volume":"94","author":"Jalili","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"10112","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33109-4","article-title":"The primary health-care system in China","volume":"390","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.04.025","article-title":"Implementation science: what is it and why should I care?","volume":"283","author":"Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzaa128","article-title":"The effect of electronic audits and feedback in primary care and factors that contribute to their effectiveness: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Van Den Bulck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13867","article-title":"Blood pressure measurement device selection in low-resource settings: challenges, compromises, and routes to progress","volume":"22","author":"Brady","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16625","article-title":"The 2020 \"WHO technical specifications for automated non-invasive blood pressure measuring devices with cuff\"","volume":"77","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606523002912?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606523002912?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:43:16Z","timestamp":1763001796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666606523002912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2666606523002912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6065","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quality in screening and measuring blood pressure in China's primary health care: a national cross-sectional study using unannounced standardized patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100973","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100973"}}