{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:14:30Z","timestamp":1788437670245,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015471","name":"Mater Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:26:00Z","timestamp":1705105560000},"page":"101011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Five-minute Apgar score and risk of neonatal mortality, severe neurological morbidity and severe non-neurological morbidity in term infants \u2013 an Australian population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8585-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesrine","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kylie","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6248-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Jarrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tegan","family":"Triggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0832-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sailesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2651","article-title":"The Apgar score","volume":"136","author":"Watterberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000445580.65983.d2","article-title":"Executive summary: neonatal encephalopathy and neurologic outcome, second edition. Report of the American college of obstetricians and gynecologists' task force on neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"123","author":"D'Alton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib3","first-page":"65","article-title":"Low 5-minute Apgar score: a population-based register study of 1 million term births","volume":"98","author":"Thorngren-Jerneck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.01.008","article-title":"Perinatal risk factors for low and moderate five-minute Apgar scores at term","volume":"210","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02565.x","article-title":"How often is a low Apgar score the result of substandard care during labour?","volume":"117","author":"Berglund","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"9956","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61135-1","article-title":"Apgar score and the risk of cause-specific infant mortality: a population-based cohort study","volume":"384","author":"Iliodromiti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l1656","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1656","article-title":"Association between Apgar scores of 7 to 9 and neonatal mortality and morbidity: population based cohort study of term infants in Sweden","volume":"365","author":"Razaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib8","article-title":"Low Apgar score and asphyxia complications at birth and risk of longer-term cardiovascular disease: a nationwide population-based study of term infants","volume":"24","author":"Razaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib9","first-page":"1922","article-title":"Low five-minute apgar score and neurological morbidities: does prematurity modify the association?","volume":"11","author":"Wainstock","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027655","article-title":"One-minute and five-minute Apgar scores and child developmental health at 5 years of age: a population-based cohort study in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"9","author":"Razaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F121","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308483","article-title":"Five-minute Apgar score and educational outcomes: retrospective cohort study of 751,369 children","volume":"101","author":"Tweed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.5177","article-title":"Development of a bedside tool to predict the diagnosis of cerebral palsy in term-born neonates","volume":"177","author":"Rouabhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.32413","article-title":"Apgar score and neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 5 years in infants born extremely preterm","volume":"6","author":"Ehrhardt","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.04.044","article-title":"Risks of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and severe neonatal morbidity by birthweight centiles associated with expectant management at term","volume":"229","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m4075","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4075","article-title":"Gestational age and hospital admissions during childhood: population based, record linkage study in England (TIGAR study)","volume":"371","author":"Coathup","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1159\/000338099","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term development of early term infants","volume":"102","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.2581","article-title":"Adverse neonatal outcomes associated with early-term birth","volume":"167","author":"Sengupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib18","series-title":"Perinatal data collection (PDC) manual 2016-2017","author":"Queensland Health","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915075","article-title":"Apgar score and risk of neonatal death among preterm infants","volume":"383","author":"Cnattingius","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001108","article-title":"Committee opinion no. 644: the Apgar score","volume":"126","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317501","article-title":"Core outcomes in neonatology: development of a core outcome set for neonatal research","volume":"105","author":"Webbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib22","series-title":"Socio-economic indexes for areas (SEIFA)","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.11331","article-title":"Australian national birthweight percentiles by sex and gestational age, 1998-2007","volume":"197","author":"Dobbins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1377","article-title":"PROBAST: a tool to assess risk of bias and applicability of prediction model studies: explanation and elaboration","volume":"170","author":"Moons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201700067","article-title":"Variable selection\u2013a review and recommendations for the practicing statistician","volume":"60","author":"Heinze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116813","article-title":"Simulation study of confounder-selection strategies","volume":"138","author":"Maldonado","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7168","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7168.1318","article-title":"Odds ratios should be avoided when events are common","volume":"317","author":"Altman","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib28","series-title":"Modeling count data","author":"Hilbe","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7624","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12360","article-title":"Apgar score components at 5 minutes: risks and prediction of neonatal mortality","volume":"31","author":"Cnattingius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.02.006","article-title":"The near-term (late preterm) human brain and risk for periventricular leukomalacia: a review","volume":"30","author":"Kinney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k207","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k207","article-title":"Five and 10 minute Apgar scores and risks of cerebral palsy and epilepsy: population based cohort study in Sweden","volume":"360","author":"Persson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1754789","article-title":"Association between Apgar score at 5 minutes and adverse outcomes among low-risk pregnancies","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16643","article-title":"Low Apgar score and need for resuscitation increased the probability of receiving therapeutic hypothermia more strongly than acidosis at birth","volume":"112","author":"Lagerstrom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-322230","article-title":"Five-minute Apgar score and outcomes in neonates of 24-28 weeks' gestation","volume":"107","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-054992","article-title":"Predictive ability of 10-minute apgar scores for mortality and neurodevelopmental disability","volume":"149","author":"Shukla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069072","article-title":"The Apgar score and infant mortality","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004040","article-title":"Associations between low Apgar scores and mortality by race in the United States: a cohort study of 6,809,653 infants","volume":"19","author":"Gillette","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12663","article-title":"Associations between metabolic acidosis at birth and reduced Apgar scores within the normal range (7-10): a Swedish cohort study of term non-malformed infants","volume":"34","author":"Cnattingius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606524000051?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606524000051?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:43:25Z","timestamp":1763001805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666606524000051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2666606524000051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6065","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Five-minute Apgar score and risk of neonatal mortality, severe neurological morbidity and severe non-neurological morbidity in term infants \u2013 an Australian population-based cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101011"}}