{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:40:16Z","timestamp":1784547616916,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer Global Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T13:05:11Z","timestamp":1711544711000},"page":"101052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical predictors of hypoxic pneumonia in children from the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: secondary analysis of two prospective observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Britton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Pomat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joycelyn","family":"Sapura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birunu","family":"Nivio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Kirarock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea-Ann","family":"Kirkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1734-5414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona M.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Blyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.048769","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia","volume":"86","author":"Rudan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"9875","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60222-6","article-title":"Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea","volume":"381","author":"Walker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib3","first-page":"4","article-title":"A\u00a0review of paediatric admissions to Goroka Hospital, Eastern Highlands Province 1980-2001","volume":"63","author":"Britton","year":"2020","journal-title":"PNG Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib5","article-title":"Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against hypoxic pneumonia and hospitalisation in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: an observational cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Blyth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-017-0029-y","article-title":"Childhood pneumonia and meningitis in the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea in the era of conjugate vaccines: study methods and challenges","volume":"9","author":"Blyth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pneumonia (Nathan)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib7","first-page":"511","article-title":"Hypoxaemia in children with severe pneumonia in Papua New Guinea","volume":"5","author":"Duke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1179\/146532806X152791","article-title":"Hypoxaemia among children in rural hospitals in Papua New Guinea: epidemiology and resource availability--a study to support a national oxygen programme","volume":"26","author":"Wandi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000260107.79355.7d","article-title":"Case management of childhood pneumonia in developing countries","volume":"26","author":"Ayieko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2010.05.001","article-title":"Papua New Guinea: real progress towards MDG 4 and real challenges","volume":"2","author":"Lagani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib15","series-title":"Standard treatment for common illness of children in Papua New Guinea: a manual for nurses, community health workers, health extension officers and doctors. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea","year":"2016"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204247","article-title":"Pneumonia in low and middle income countries: progress and challenges","volume":"68","author":"Zar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01872.x","article-title":"Predictors of death from severe pneumonia among children 2-59 months old hospitalized in Bohol, Philippines: implications for referral criteria at a first-level health facility","volume":"12","author":"Lupisan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.048512","article-title":"Challenges to improving case management of childhood pneumonia at health facilities in resource-limited settings","volume":"86","author":"Graham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021512","article-title":"Determining the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage required for indirect protection against vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage in low and middle-income countries: a protocol for a prospective observational study","volume":"8","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib20","first-page":"505","article-title":"Clinical signs of hypoxaemia in children with acute lower respiratory infection: indicators of oxygen therapy","volume":"5","author":"Usen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.76.4.310","article-title":"Predictors of hypoxaemia in hospital admissions with acute lower respiratory tract infection in a developing country","volume":"76","author":"Weber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e348","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00586-6","article-title":"Prevalence of hypoxaemia in children with pneumonia in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib23","article-title":"Hypoxaemia prevalence and its adverse clinical outcomes among children hospitalised with WHO-defined severe pneumonia in Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Glob Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70071-4","article-title":"The prevalence of hypoxaemia among ill children in developing countries: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Subhi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165-Supplement_1-S20","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections, especially those due to Haemophilus influenzae, in Papua New Guinean children","volume":"165 Suppl 1","author":"Lehmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib26","first-page":"95","article-title":"Acute lower respiratory tract infections in children admitted to Port Moresby General Hospital","volume":"27","author":"Watt","year":"1984","journal-title":"P\u00a0N G Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/35.6.295","article-title":"Clinical signs and risk factors associated with pneumonia in children admitted to Goroka Hospital, Papua New Guinea","volume":"35","author":"Spooner","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/41.4.196","article-title":"Predicting hypoxia in children with acute lower respiratory infection: a study in the highlands of Papua New Guinea","volume":"41","author":"Dyke","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1998.11747923","article-title":"Clinical predictors of hypoxaemia in children with pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"Smyth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.71.4.323","article-title":"Clinical predictors of acute radiological pneumonia and hypoxaemia at high altitude","volume":"71","author":"Lozano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606524000464?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606524000464?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T21:08:08Z","timestamp":1714684088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666606524000464"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S2666606524000464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6065","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical predictors of hypoxic pneumonia in children from the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: secondary analysis of two prospective observational studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101052"}}