{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:54:03Z","timestamp":1791996843952,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515110489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515110489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-027420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-027420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M723344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M723344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M743729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M743729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T23:57:48Z","timestamp":1728604668000},"page":"101218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long COVID facts and findings: a large-scale online survey in 74,075 Chinese participants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Shijie","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George F.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlife.2023.07.002","article-title":"Distinctive serotypes of SARS-related coronaviruses defined by convalescent sera from unvaccinated individuals","volume":"1","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"hLife"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.09.048","article-title":"Classification of five SARS-CoV-2 serotypes based on RBD antigenicities","volume":"68","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","article-title":"Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/phrs.2022.1604501","article-title":"Long COVID through a public health lens: an umbrella review","volume":"43","author":"Nittas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2311330","article-title":"Cognition and memory after Covid-19 in a large community sample","volume":"390","author":"Hampshire","year":"2024","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib6","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: a systematic review","author":"Tsampasian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8823","article-title":"Development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"329","author":"Thaweethai","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib8","article-title":"The prevalence and long-term health effects of Long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"O'Mahoney","year":"2022","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"10393","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00810-3","article-title":"6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study","volume":"401","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00387-9","article-title":"3-year outcomes of discharged survivors of COVID-19 following the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) wave in 2022 in China: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwac192","article-title":"Long-term outcomes in COVID-19 patients who recovered from the first wave of the pandemic","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Natl Sci Rev"},{"issue":"10343","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00941-2","article-title":"Risk of long COVID associated with delta versus omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"399","author":"Antonelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.0750","article-title":"Risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Tsampasian","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"7994","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-04032-z","article-title":"Vaccines reduce the risk of long COVID in children","volume":"625","author":"Hall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.11691","article-title":"Association between BNT162b2 vaccination and Long COVID after infections not requiring hospitalization in health care workers","volume":"328","author":"Azzolini","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6685","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl0867","article-title":"Solving the puzzle of long covid","volume":"383","author":"Al-Aly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7985","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06651-y","article-title":"Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling","volume":"623","author":"Klein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2220578","article-title":"A\u00a0one-year follow-up study of systematic impact of long COVID symptoms among patients post SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants infection in Shanghai, China","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036818","article-title":"The impact of \"long COVID\" on menstruation in Chinese female college students and the intervention of acupuncture","volume":"103","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"issue":"10377","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00129-0","article-title":"Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Beijing during 2022: an epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis","volume":"401","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070230","article-title":"Development and validation of the symptom burden questionnaire for long covid (SBQ-LC): rasch analysis","volume":"377","author":"Hughes","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae069","article-title":"Resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus in the summer of 2021 in Denmark-a Large out-of-season epidemic affecting older children","volume":"11","author":"Lomholt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26608","article-title":"From \"Immunity Debt\" to \"Immunity Theft\"-how COVID-19 might be tied to recent respiratory disease surges","volume":"331","author":"Rubin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7977","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06355-3","article-title":"A\u00a0second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19","volume":"621","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38388-7","article-title":"Long COVID risk and pre-COVID vaccination in an EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER program","volume":"14","author":"Brannock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2023.01039","article-title":"Sequelae of long COVID, known and unknown: a review of updated information","volume":"17","author":"Asakawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2258232","article-title":"Assessment of vaccinations and breakthrough infections after adjustment of the dynamic zero-COVID-19 strategy in China: an online survey","volume":"12","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib29","article-title":"Association between hypertension and diabetes control and COVID-19 severity: national patient-centered clinical research network, United States, March 2020 to February 2022","volume":"12","author":"Jackson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.05.004","article-title":"Metformin inhibition of mitochondrial ATP and DNA synthesis abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pulmonary inflammation","volume":"54","author":"Xian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.05.012","article-title":"Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad180","article-title":"Life expectancy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2021: highly racialized deaths in young and middle adulthood in the United States as compared with other high-income countries","volume":"193","author":"Masters","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00171-3","article-title":"The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in tissues and its association with long COVID symptoms: a cross-sectional cohort study in China","volume":"24","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37051","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14625-8","article-title":"Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus and ambient temperature: a critical review","volume":"28","author":"Mu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02051-3","article-title":"Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection","volume":"28","author":"Bowe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.12.009","article-title":"Postpandemic immunity debt of influenza in the USA and England: an interrupted time series study","volume":"227","author":"Leung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Publ Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5972","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115972","article-title":"Psychological impact of COVID-19 on people with pre-pxisting chronic disease","volume":"18","author":"Budu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib38","series-title":"autoimmune-like hepatitis triggered by COVID-19","article-title":"T\u00a0cell cross-reactivity","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib39","series-title":"Medicine. A Long COVID definition: a chronic, systemic disease state with profound consequences","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104851","article-title":"Probing long COVID through a proteomic lens: a comprehensive two-year longitudinal cohort study of hospitalised survivors","volume":"98","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"6680","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg7942","article-title":"Persistent complement dysregulation with signs of thromboinflammation in active Long Covid","volume":"383","author":"Cervia-Hasler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44432-3","article-title":"Muscle abnormalities worsen after post-exertional malaise in long COVID","volume":"15","author":"Appelman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.09.013","article-title":"Serotonin reduction in post-acute sequelae of viral infection","volume":"186","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e487","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac722","article-title":"Persistent circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 spike is associated with post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 sequelae","volume":"76","author":"Swank","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323020","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19","volume":"70","author":"Yeoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53784-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition is altered in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Hamrefors","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46692-z","article-title":"Long-term effects of Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection on immunity-metabolism balance: a 6-month prospective study","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib48","article-title":"Evaluation of cross-neutralizing antibodies in children infected with omicron sub-variants","volume":"40","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib49","first-page":"1351","article-title":"A\u00a0head-to-head comparative study on the immunogenicity of three platforms of COVID-19 Delta-Omicron chimeric RBD-dimer vaccines (in Chinese)","volume":"69","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Sci Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218_bib50","article-title":"Evaluation of the broad-spectrum immunogenicity of RBD dimer mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants (in Chinese)","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Sci Bull"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606524002128?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606524002128?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T20:37:13Z","timestamp":1786221433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666606524002128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2666606524002128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6065","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long COVID facts and findings: a large-scale online survey in 74,075 Chinese participants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101223","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101218"}}