{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:39:46Z","timestamp":1788871186242,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32CA009071 and P30CA006973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA009071 and P30CA006973"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","lrjournal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Leukemia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]],"date-time":"2014-05-29T11:32:48Z","timestamp":1401363168000},"page":"886-890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances the clinical responses to interferon-\u03b1 (IFN) in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Joshua F.","family":"Zeidner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8484-2990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Gladstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Zahurak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9541-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Gocke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Douglas","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198604243141701","article-title":"Hematologic remission and cytogenetic improvement induced by recombinant human interferon alpha in chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"314","author":"Talpaz","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-7-532","article-title":"Interferon-alpha produces sustained cytogenetic responses in chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"114","author":"Talpaz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.8.3069.bloodjournal8783069","article-title":"Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia: current status and investigational options","volume":"87","author":"Kantarjian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.10.3074","article-title":"Chronic myeloid leukemia and interferon-alpha: a study of complete cytogenetic responders","volume":"98","author":"Bonifazi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11223","article-title":"Complete cytogenetic and molecular responses to Interferon-alpha based therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia are associated with excellent long-term prognosis","volume":"97","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104053441401","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"344","author":"Druker","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022457","article-title":"Imatinib compared with interferon and low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"348","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-02-0371","article-title":"Clonal evolution and lack of cytogenetic response are adverse prognostic factors for hematologic relapse of chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinibmesylate","volume":"103","author":"O\u2019Dwyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11381","article-title":"Prediction of initial cytogenetic response for subsequent major and complete cytogenetic response to imatinibmesylate therapy in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"97","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.531","volume":"23","author":"Soverini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062867","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"355","author":"Druker","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.38","article-title":"Six-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for the first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"23","author":"Hochhaus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22569","article-title":"Outcome of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia post-imatinibmesylate failure","volume":"109","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.84","article-title":"Dasatinib induces durable cytogenetic responses in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase with resistance or intolerance to imatinib","volume":"22","author":"Hochhaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-277152","article-title":"Nilotinib is effective in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase after imatinib resistance or intolerance: 24 month follow-up results","volume":"117","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05606.x","article-title":"Effects of imatinib and interferon on primitive chronic myeloid leukaemia progenitors","volume":"130","author":"Angstreich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.1.319","article-title":"Primitive, quiescent, Philadelphia-positive stem cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are insensitive to STI571 in vitro","volume":"99","author":"Graham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70233-3","article-title":"Discontinuation of imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who have maintained complete molecular remission for at least 2 years: the prospective, multicenter Stop Imatinib (STIM) trial","volume":"11","author":"Mahon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations","volume":"53","author":"Kaplan","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403243301204","article-title":"Interferon alpha-2a as compared with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"330","author":"The Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.12.4064.bloodjournal84124064","article-title":"Randomized comparison of interferon-alpha with busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"84","author":"Hehlmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.21.1616","article-title":"Interferon alfa versus chemotherapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis of seven randomized trials: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Trialists\u2019 Collaborative Group","volume":"89","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401033","article-title":"GM-CSF can improve the cytogenetic response obtained with interferon-alpha therapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Cortes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25438","article-title":"Immune modulation of minimal residual disease in early chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"117","author":"Cortes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.313","article-title":"Re-emergence of interferon-\u03b1 in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"27","author":"Talpaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0130","first-page":"5535","article-title":"Growth factor-mediated terminal differentiation of chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"54","author":"Bedi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2013.01.021","article-title":"Occurrence and current management of side effects in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated frontline with tyrosine kinase inhibitors","volume":"37","author":"Breccia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23180","article-title":"Patient adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"87","author":"Jabbour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5401","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-196543","article-title":"Prevalence, determinants, and outcomes of nonadherence to imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"113","author":"Noens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.3087","article-title":"Adherence is the critical factor for achieving molecular responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who achieve complete cytogenetic responses on imatinib","volume":"28","author":"Marin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1004095","article-title":"Imatinib plus peginterferon alfa-2a in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"363","author":"Preudhomme","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-336685","article-title":"Combination of pegylated IFN-\u03b12b with imatinib increases molecular response rates in patients with low- or intermediate-risk chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"118","author":"Simonsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.0598","article-title":"Tolerability-adapted imatinib 800mg\/d versus 400mg\/d versus 400mg\/d plus interferon-\u03b1 in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"29","author":"Hehlmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.5075","article-title":"Sustained molecular response with interferon alpha maintenance after induction therapy with imatinib plus interferon alpha in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Burchert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Leukemia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145212614001532?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145212614001532?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T05:23:43Z","timestamp":1597901023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145212614001532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0145212614001532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2126","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances the clinical responses to interferon-\u03b1 (IFN) in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Leukemia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.05.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}