{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T19:08:53Z","timestamp":1788289733454,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Leukemia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T17:23:29Z","timestamp":1765560209000},"page":"108148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Efficacy and safety of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy or CAR-T cells for relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A multicenter phase ii trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolin","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2400861","article-title":"The hyper-CVAD regimen improves outcome in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Koller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.014274","article-title":"Outcome after relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult patients included in four consecutive risk-adapted trials by the PETHEMA Study Group","volume":"95","author":"Oriol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-022-01050-3","article-title":"PD-1 signalling defines and protects leukaemic stem cells from T cell receptor-induced cell death in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265299","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1265299","article-title":"Progress of research on PD-1\/PD-L1 in leukemia","volume":"14","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21879","article-title":"Increased expression of immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein-1 ( PD -1) on T cell subsets of bone marrow aspirates in patients with B-Lymphoblastic leukemia, especially in relapse and at diagnosis","volume":"98","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytom. B Clin. Cytom."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.09.006","article-title":"Combination Immunotherapy with CAR T Cells and Checkpoint Blockade for the Treatment of Solid Tumors","volume":"36","author":"Grosser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.647733","article-title":"Combination Therapy With Anti-PD-1 or PD-1 Antibody Alone in Asian Pediatric Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Que","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14780","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914780","article-title":"Combined or Sequential Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Car-T Cell Therapies for the Management of Haematological Malignancies: A Systematic Review","volume":"24","author":"P\u00e9rez-Moreno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2200256","article-title":"Relapse after CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell malignancies: challenges and future approaches","volume":"23","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00459-7","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies","volume":"11","author":"Sterner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000215","article-title":"PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab for classical Hodgkin lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplantation","volume":"134","author":"Armand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01492","article-title":"Nivolumab Combined With Brentuximab Vedotin for Relapsed\/Refractory Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Efficacy and Safety From the Phase II CheckMate 436 Study","volume":"37","author":"Zinzani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000035","article-title":"Managing Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated With Novel T Cell-Engaging Therapies","volume":"20","author":"Maude","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601202","article-title":"Ipilimumab for Patients with Relapse after Allogeneic Transplantation","volume":"375","author":"Davids","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-005-1090-9","article-title":"FLAG-IDA in the treatment of refractory\/relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"84","author":"Specchia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00754-1","article-title":"Long-term outcomes following CAR T cell therapy: what we know so far","volume":"20","author":"Cappell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0010-1","article-title":"Determinants of response and resistance to CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"24","author":"Fraietta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.02.008","article-title":"Obstacles Posed by the Tumor Microenvironment to T cell Activity: A Case for Synergistic Therapies","volume":"31","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83092","article-title":"Human CAR T cells with cell-intrinsic PD-1 checkpoint blockade resist tumor-mediated inhibition","volume":"126","author":"Cherkassky","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411087","article-title":"PD-1 Blockade with Nivolumab in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"372","author":"Ansell","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.12.758","article-title":"ASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurologic Toxicity Associated with Immune Effector Cells","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transpl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.642466","article-title":"PD-1 Inhibition Enhances Blinatumomab Response in a UCB\/PDX Model of Relapsed Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Wunderlich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4441","article-title":"CD22-targeted CAR T cells induce remission in B-ALL that is naive or resistant to CD19-targeted CAR immunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Fry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."}],"container-title":["Leukemia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145212625006381?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145212625006381?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T05:22:13Z","timestamp":1767936133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145212625006381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S0145212625006381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2126","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy and safety of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy or CAR-T cells for relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A multicenter phase ii trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Leukemia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.108148","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108148"}}