{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T20:30:52Z","timestamp":1782505852051,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T17:46:45Z","timestamp":1172857605000},"page":"1897-1905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Long-term d-galactose injection combined with ovariectomy serves as a new rodent model for Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qunying","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1151","article-title":"Models of brain injury and alterations in synaptic plasticity","volume":"65","author":"Albensi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2005.03.002","article-title":"From clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection afforded by estrogens","volume":"52","author":"Amantea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib3","first-page":"1397","article-title":"In vivo phosphorylation in the rat basal nucleus induces PHF-like and APP immunoreactivity","volume":"5","author":"Arendt","year":"1994","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00347-L","article-title":"Paired helical filament-like phosphorylation of tau, deposition of beta\/A4-amyloid and memory impairment in rat induced by chronic inhibition of phosphatase 1 and 2A","volume":"69","author":"Arendt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00055-0","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease and oxidative stress: implications for novel therapeutic approaches","volume":"57","author":"Behl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2002.053","article-title":"Oxidative nerve cell death in Alzheimer's disease and stroke: antioxidants as neuroprotective compounds","volume":"383","author":"Behl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"2\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(03)00220-6","article-title":"Estrogens and menopause: pharmacology of conjugated equine estrogens and their potential role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's","volume":"85","author":"Bhavnani","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6467-9_11","article-title":"Evolution of neuronal changes in the course of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"53","author":"Braak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612054065729","article-title":"Oxidative stress, antioxidants and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"11","author":"Casetta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.03.004","article-title":"Effects of d-galactose on the expression of hippocampal peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor and spatial memory performances in rats","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/8438","article-title":"Transgenic mice with Alzheimer presenilin 1 mutations show accelerated neurodegeneration without amyloid plaque formation","volume":"5","author":"Chui","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"5123","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443","article-title":"Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families","volume":"261","author":"Corder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20845","article-title":"Chronic systemic d-galactose exposure induces memory loss, neurodegeneration, and oxidative damage in mice: protective effects of R-alpha-lipoic acid","volume":"83","author":"Cui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1347.008","article-title":"Development of 17alpha-estradiol as a neuroprotective therapeutic agent: rationale and results from a phase I clinical study","volume":"1052","author":"Dykens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.24.2959","article-title":"Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study","volume":"291","author":"Espeland","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00158.x","article-title":"Long-term effects of melatonin or 17 beta-estradiol on improving spatial memory performance in cognitively impaired, ovariectomized adult rats","volume":"37","author":"Feng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Pineal Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1995.1046","article-title":"Neurosteroids affect spatial\/reference, working, and long-term memory of female rats","volume":"64","author":"Frye","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.9.809","article-title":"The relationships between age, sex, and incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Gao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6789","article-title":"Impairment of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons associated with aging and long-term loss of ovarian function","volume":"151","author":"Gibbs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib20","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evidence for neuronal oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"149","author":"Good","year":"1996","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022417102206","article-title":"Establishment of the mimetic aging effect in mice caused by d-galactose","volume":"4","author":"Ho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43885","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R300025200","article-title":"Structure and function of enzymes of the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism","volume":"278","author":"Holden","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-001-0105-8","article-title":"New developments in animal models of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1","author":"Janus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02906.x","article-title":"The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature","volume":"76","author":"Jorm","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.1.78","article-title":"Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: results from EURODEM pooled analyses. EURODEM Incidence Research Group and Work Groups. European Studies of Dementia","volume":"52","author":"Launer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib26","first-page":"230","article-title":"Anti-aging effect of astragalosides and its mechanism of action","volume":"24","author":"Lei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacologica Sinica"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450490509159","article-title":"Behavioral and neurochemical effects of the intrahippocampal co-injection of \u03b2-amyloid protein 1\u201340 and ibotenic acid in rats","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"The International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.8.1594","article-title":"Elevated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"45","author":"Lovell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68052061.x","article-title":"An assessment of oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA in brain from patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"68","author":"Lyras","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0721146.x","article-title":"Characterization of 8-epiprostaglandin F2alpha as a marker of amyloid beta-peptide-induced oxidative damage","volume":"72","author":"Mark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2002.1819","article-title":"Ovarian hormone replacement to aged ovariectomized female rats benefits acquisition of the Morris water maze","volume":"42","author":"Markham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib32","first-page":"437","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts in Alzheimer's disease is associated with inheritance of ApoE4","volume":"150","author":"Montine","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.11.10.1407","article-title":"Antioxidants as treatment for neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"11","author":"Moosmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01960-5","article-title":"Estrogen receptor immunoreactivity within subregions of the rat forebrain: neuronal distribution and association with perikarya containing choline acetyltransferase","volume":"849","author":"Mufson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib35","first-page":"99","article-title":"Long-term estrogen replacement therapy in female patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type: 7 case reports","volume":"6","author":"Ohkura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2003.12.007","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions","volume":"11","author":"Parihar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00547-7","article-title":"Oxidative injury in diseases of the central nervous system: focus on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"109","author":"Pratico","year":"2000","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06920.x","article-title":"The value of transgenic models for the study of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"920","author":"Price","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.7.7737461","article-title":"Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the aging brain","volume":"9","author":"Reiter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(95)90019-5","article-title":"On the metabolism of apolipoprotein E and the Alzheimer diseases","volume":"132","author":"Roses","year":"1995","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0896-864","article-title":"Secreted amyloid beta-protein similar to that in the senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease is increased in vivo by the presenilin 1 and 2 and APP mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2","author":"Scheuner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature Mdicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00247-6","article-title":"Increased lipoprotein oxidation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"28","author":"Schippling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"issue":"5300","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5300.630","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: genotypes, phenotypes, and treatments","volume":"275","author":"Selkoe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.24.2947","article-title":"Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study","volume":"291","author":"Shumaker","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"3A","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00260-X","article-title":"Role of estrogen replacement therapy in memory enhancement and the prevention of neuronal loss associated with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"103","author":"Simpkins","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10540","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.23.10540","article-title":"Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer disease","volume":"88","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"6587","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/382120b0","article-title":"Oxidative damage in Alzheimer's","volume":"382","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib48","first-page":"541","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease \u2014 an update","volume":"54","author":"Srinivas","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Medical Journal of Malaysia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2005.09.026","article-title":"Animal models of cognitive dysfunction","volume":"127","author":"Tayebati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mechanisms of Ageing and Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1993.tb00725.x","article-title":"Altered tau and neurofilament proteins in neurodegenerative diseases: diagnostic implications for Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementias","volume":"3","author":"Trojanowski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.12.026","article-title":"Transgenic AD model mice, effects of potential anti-AD treatments on inflammation and pathology","volume":"48","author":"Van Groen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2004.07.003","article-title":"Behavioural study of the d-galactose induced aging model in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"157","author":"Wei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.01.032","article-title":"The distribution of neural nitric oxide synthase-positive cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons in the third ventricular wall of male rats and coexistence with vasopressin or oxytocin","volume":"1038","author":"Xiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib54","first-page":"587","article-title":"Effects of puerarin on d-galactose-induced memory deficits in mice","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacologica Sinica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib55","first-page":"180","article-title":"Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on learning and memory function in d-galactose-lesioned mice","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00707-0","article-title":"Alzheimer disease: the two-hit hypothesis","volume":"3","author":"Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320507001816?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320507001816?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T02:35:50Z","timestamp":1556159750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320507001816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0024320507001816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}