{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:04:15Z","timestamp":1792098255930,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T17:32:36Z","timestamp":1456939956000},"page":"359-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A minireview on N -acetylcysteine: An old drug with new approaches"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Ines","family":"Elbini Dhouib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Jallouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alya","family":"Annabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najoua","family":"Gharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saloua","family":"Elfazaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Montassar","family":"Lasram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.10.027","article-title":"Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of N-acetyl cysteine and silymarin-mediated protection against maneb- and paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"201","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(99)01066-2","article-title":"First steps in the oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids by hypohalogenation: very fast generation of intermediate sulfenyl halides and halosulfonium cations","volume":"56","author":"Armesto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.09.003","article-title":"The oxidative damage and inflammation caused by pesticides are reverted by lipoic acid in rat brain","volume":"61","author":"Astiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2007.04.005","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine\u2014a safe antidote for cysteine\/glutathione deficiency","volume":"7","author":"Atkuri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(00)00035-8","article-title":"Characterization of cystine uptake in cultured astrocytes","volume":"37","author":"Bender","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90018-3","article-title":"Oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Buttke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21151","article-title":"The Nrf2-inducible antioxidant defense in astrocytes can be both up- and downregulated by activated microglia: involvement of p38 MAPK","volume":"59","author":"Correa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.05.039","article-title":"Effects of N-acetylcysteine on sucrose-rich diet-induced hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in rats","volume":"543","author":"Diniz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.05.008","article-title":"Protective role of glutathione reductase in paraquat induced neurotoxicity","volume":"199","author":"Djukic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1139\/Y08-090","article-title":"Comparative effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine and ramipril on arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in chronically glucose-fed rats","volume":"86","author":"El Midaoui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2014.928764","article-title":"Immunosuppression and oxidative stress induced by subchronic exposure to carbosulfan in rat spleen; immunomodulatory and antioxidant role of N-acetylcysteine","volume":"24","author":"El-Bini Dhouib","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2015.03.012","article-title":"A comparative study on toxicity induced by carbosulfan and malathion in Wistar rat liver and spleen","author":"El-Bini Dhouib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2866","article-title":"The influence of N-acetyl-l-cystein infusion on cytokine levels and gastric intramucosal pH during severe sepsis","volume":"8","author":"Emet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0070","first-page":"218","article-title":"Oral and intravenous acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen toxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis west","volume":"14","author":"Green","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.01.009","article-title":"Protective effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine against maneb induced oxidative and apoptotic injury in Chinese hamster V79 cells","volume":"49","author":"Grosicka-Macia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0761-8417(05)84777-7","article-title":"Oxidative stress in bronchopulmonary disease: contribution of N-acetylcysteine (NAC)","volume":"61","author":"Guerin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Pneumol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00355.2002","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine and taurine prevent hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance in vivo: possible role of oxidative stress","volume":"285","author":"Haber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769900300841","article-title":"Antioxidant defence mechanisms: from the beginning to the end (of the beginning)","volume":"31","author":"Halliwell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izadia F, Jafarib M, Asgarib A, Salehib M. Protective Role of N-acetyl-cysteine on Diazinon Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney. 12th Iranian Congress of Biochemistry & 4th International Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mashhad, Iran, September 2011; 44(13): 6-9S44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1064"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20087","article-title":"Administration of N-acetylcysteine after focal cerebral ischemia protects brain and reduces inflammation in a rat model of experimental stroke","volume":"76","author":"Khan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2005.07.011","article-title":"Antiatherogenic effects of S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine in hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor knockout mice","volume":"14","author":"Krieger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.07.007","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine (NAC) diminishes the severity of PCB 126-induced fatty liver in male rodents","volume":"302","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2014.886003","article-title":"Effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine, in vivo, against pathological changes induced by malathion","volume":"24","author":"Lasram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.04.033","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of N-acetylcysteine against malathion-induced liver damages and immunotoxicity in rats","volume":"107","author":"Lasram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0125","series-title":"NIST Standard Reference Database","author":"Mallard","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejfs.2011.04.012","article-title":"A study on oxidative stress biomarkers and immunomodulatory effects of pesticides in pesticide-sprayers","volume":"1","author":"Mecdad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Egy. J. of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0135","first-page":"265","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine: multiple clinical applications","volume":"80","author":"Millea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2009.04.006","article-title":"Effects of simultaneous repeated exposure at high levels of arsenic and malathion on hepatic drug-biotransforming enzymes in broiler chickens","volume":"28","author":"Naraharisetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2009.00073","article-title":"Effect of oral N-acetylcysteine treatment on plasma inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in peritoneal dialysis patients: a placebocontrolled study","volume":"30","author":"Nascimento","year":"2010","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01464-2","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine suppresses TNF induced NF-kappaB activation through inhibition of IkappaB kinases","volume":"472","author":"Oka","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(96)03520-2","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and protective effects of N-acetylcysteine in mitogen-activated murine splenocytes in vitro","volume":"116","author":"Omara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.011","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced peroxisomal dysfunction exacerbates cerebral white matter injury: attenuation by N-acetylcysteine","volume":"210","author":"Paintlia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00743-8","article-title":"N-acetyl-l-cysteine inhibits 26S proteosome function implications for effects on NF-kappaB activation","volume":"32","author":"Pajonk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(93)90084-V","article-title":"Modulatory effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on the HIV-1 multiplication in chronically and acutely infected cell lines","volume":"22","author":"Pani","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80183-3","article-title":"Antioxidant enzyme status in biliary obstructed rats: effects of N-acetylcysteine","volume":"27","author":"Pastor","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3109\/01480545.2011.564179","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine on oxidative damage in diabetic rats","volume":"34","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0037","article-title":"The role of the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI in the lipid metabolism of endocrine and other tissues","volume":"24","author":"Rigotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.04.016","article-title":"The chemistry and biological activities of N-acetylcysteine","volume":"1830","author":"Samuni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-502","article-title":"Effect of a soy protein-based diet on ribonucleic acid metabolism in the small intestinal mucosa of goat kids","author":"Schonhusen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.05.052","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine (NAC) protects against acute kidney injury (AKI) following prolonged pneumoperitoneum in the rat","volume":"175","author":"Seguro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. of Sur. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0205","article-title":"Coordinate regulation of glutathione biosynthesis and release by Nrf2-expressing glia potently protects neurons from oxidative stress","volume":"3394\u20133406","author":"Shih","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.059","article-title":"Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance","volume":"132","author":"Shoelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2013.08.006","article-title":"Effect of Nrf2 activators on release of glutathione, cysteinylglycine and homocysteine by human U373 astroglial cells","author":"Steele","year":"2013","journal-title":"Redox Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2001.2619","article-title":"Peroxynitrite reaction with the reduced and the oxidized forms of lipoic acid: new insights into the reaction of peroxynitrite with thiols","volume":"397","author":"Trujillo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.08.053","article-title":"Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on experimentally undescended testis","volume":"191","author":"Uyeturk","year":"2014","journal-title":"The J. of Uro."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.05.027","article-title":"Combined subchronic toxicity of dichlorvos with malathion or pirimicarb in mice liver and serum: a metabonomic study","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.08.044","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine attenuates TNF-alpha-induced human vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and restores eNOS expression","volume":"550","author":"Xia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2006.08.018","article-title":"Effect of antioxidant capacity on blood lipid metabolism and lipoprotein lipase activity of rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31099","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104115200","article-title":"Activation of the hexosamine pathway leads to deterioration of pancreatic \u03b2-cell function by provoking oxidative stress","volume":"276","author":"Kaneto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10857","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.19.10857","article-title":"Prevention of glucose toxicity in HIT-T15 cells and Zucker diabetic fatty rats by antioxidants","volume":"96","author":"Tanaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.01.006","article-title":"Dietary cysteine alleviates sucrose-induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance","volume":"42","author":"Blouet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.05.006","article-title":"Blockade of sensory abnormalities and kinin B1 receptor expression by N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine and ramipril in a rat model of insulin resistance","volume":"589","author":"Ismael","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-004-1305-4","article-title":"Effect of five cysteine containing compounds on three lipogenic enzymes in Balb\/cAmice consuming a high saturated fat diet","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003_bb0275","first-page":"1","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine an Allium plant compound improves high-sucrose diet-induced obesity and related effects","volume":"11","author":"Souza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320516301527?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320516301527?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T01:41:20Z","timestamp":1567647680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320516301527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0024320516301527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A minireview on N-acetylcysteine: An old drug with new approaches","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}