{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:36:27Z","timestamp":1793039787762,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013058","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T19:11:22Z","timestamp":1562958682000},"page":"116654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ghrelin improves muscle function in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Leilei","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengnan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5288-0319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"299","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299rv4","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa7322","article-title":"Immune-mediated pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17784","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.655019","article-title":"Sulforaphane attenuates muscle inflammation in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated inhibition of NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"290","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.3.263","article-title":"A chronic inflammatory response dominates the skeletal muscle molecular signature in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice","volume":"11","author":"Porter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4966","article-title":"Helper (CD4+) and cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells promote the pathology of dystrophin-deficient muscle","volume":"98","author":"Spencer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu735","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 ablation in mdx mice reveals innate immunity as a therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"24","author":"Giordano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201403967","article-title":"Inflammatory monocytes promote progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and can be therapeutically targeted via CCR2","volume":"6","author":"Mojumdar","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5419","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101267","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 promotes muscle damage in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by suppressing M2 macrophage activation and inhibiting muscle cell proliferation","volume":"187","author":"Villalta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq523","article-title":"Interleukin-10 reduces the pathology of mdx muscular dystrophy by deactivating M1 macrophages and modulating macrophage phenotype","volume":"20","author":"Villalta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70271-6","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and pharmacological and psychosocial management","volume":"9","author":"Bushby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.001958","article-title":"Ghrelin gene products and the regulation of food intake and gut motility","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0055","first-page":"611","article-title":"Acylated and unacylated ghrelin impair skeletal muscle atrophy in mice","volume":"123","author":"Porporato","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2632","article-title":"Unacylated ghrelin enhances satellite cell function and relieves the dystrophic phenotype in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mdx model","volume":"35","author":"Reano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.04.019","article-title":"The effects of ghrelin on inflammation and the immune system","volume":"340","author":"Baatar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2009.09.004","article-title":"Ghrelin inhibits post-infarct myocardial remodeling and improves cardiac function through anti-inflammation effect","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.11.098","article-title":"Ghrelin attenuates renal fibrosis and inflammation of obstructive nephropathy","volume":"193","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0080","first-page":"052","article-title":"Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin binding in cardiac tissue are altered with cardiovascular inflammation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","author":"Naghibosadat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Cardiovasc Soc EPosters"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e06-05-0402","article-title":"Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin promote differentiation and fusion of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells","volume":"18","author":"Filigheddu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.040","article-title":"The Inflammasomes","volume":"140","author":"Schroder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1703","article-title":"The inflammasome: a caspase-1-activation platform that regulates immune responses and disease pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Franchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.12.004","article-title":"The inflammasomes: mechanisms of activation and function","volume":"22","author":"Latz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.95","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"13","author":"Jo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-018-0501-z","article-title":"Downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by adiponectin rescues Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"16","author":"Boursereau","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170320","article-title":"PSD-93 attenuates amyloid-\u03b2-mediated cognitive dysfunction by promoting the catabolism of amyloid-\u03b2","volume":"59","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)17614-X","article-title":"Curcumin alleviates dystrophic muscle pathology in mdx mice","volume":"25","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0125","article-title":"CART treatment improves memory and synaptic structure in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"5","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090058","article-title":"Inflammasome up-regulation and activation in Dysferlin-deficient skeletal muscle","volume":"176","author":"Rawat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701495","article-title":"Curcumin suppresses IL-1\u03b2 secretion and prevents inflammation through inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"200","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14489","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602932103","article-title":"Role of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in estradiol-mediated neuroprotection","volume":"103","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.02.014","article-title":"Functional and morphological improvement of dystrophic muscle by interleukin 6 receptor blockade","volume":"2","author":"Pelosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"6914","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01154","article-title":"Functional improvement of dystrophic muscle by myostatin blockade","volume":"420","author":"Bogdanovich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0155944","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155944","article-title":"Effect of the IL-1 receptor antagonist Kineret\u00ae on disease phenotype in mdx mice. Kumar a, editor","volume":"11","author":"Benny Klimek","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2:13","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0160","article-title":"Cardioprotective effect of ghrelin against myocardial infarction-induced left ventricular injury via inhibition of SOCS3 and activation of JAK2\/STAT3 signaling","volume":"113","author":"Eid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0165","article-title":"JAK-STAT pathway and myogenic differentiation","volume":"2","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAKSTAT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang. The inhibitory effect of ghrelin on sepsis-induced inflammation is mediated by the MAPK phosphatase-1. Int. J. Mol. Med.. 2010; 25(1):159\u201364.","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm_00000326"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200207165","article-title":"Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1\/2 and PI 3-kinase\/AKT","volume":"159","author":"Baldanzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0090","article-title":"Ghrelin inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death of oligodendrocytes via ERK and p38MAPK signaling","volume":"152","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320519305806?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320519305806?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:48:40Z","timestamp":1793036920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320519305806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0024320519305806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ghrelin improves muscle function in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116654"}}