{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T02:27:12Z","timestamp":1768530432840,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-ZD-0825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-ZD-0825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JYTFW201915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYTFW201915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T02:44:21Z","timestamp":1574217861000},"page":"117083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Analgesic effect and related amino acids regulation of ginsenoside Rg3 in mouse pain models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Yu-qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-dan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-ru","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-mei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-014-1484-4","article-title":"T-type calcium channels in chronic pain: mouse models and specific blockers","volume":"466","author":"Francois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch. - Eur. J. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001411","article-title":"Untreated pain, narcotics regulation, and global health ideologies","volume":"10","author":"King","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/536962","article-title":"NSAIDs and cardiovascular diseases: role of reactive oxygen species","volume":"12","author":"Ghosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000432","article-title":"NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injury: a focused update for clinicians","volume":"50","author":"Scheiman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13879","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2711-15.2015","article-title":"Pain and poppies: the good, the bad, and the ugly of opioid analgesics","volume":"35","author":"Trang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-012-1172-4","article-title":"The genetics of the opioid system and specific drug addictions","volume":"131","author":"Levran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Gene."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0035","first-page":"2407","article-title":"Constipation: opioid antagonists in people prescribed opioids","volume":"2015","author":"Ahmedzai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Evid."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/jnsbm.JNSBM_131_17","article-title":"Analgesic properties of Nigella sativa and Eucheuma cottonii extracts","volume":"9","author":"Zakaria","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Sci. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.11.026","article-title":"Effect of toad skin extracts on the pain behavior of cancer model mice and its peripheral mechanism of action","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pharmacology of ginsenosides: a literature review","volume":"5","author":"Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(91)90017-Z","article-title":"The effect of Panax ginseng, on the development of tolerance to the pharmacological actions of morphine in the rat","volume":"22","author":"Bhargava","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(90)90448-U","article-title":"Antagonism of the acute pharmacological actions of morphine by Panax ginseng extract","volume":"21","author":"Ramarao","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5198(19)49851-X","article-title":"Pharmacological studies of neutral saponins (GNS) of Panax ginseng root","volume":"23","author":"Nabata","year":"1973","journal-title":"Japan. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(98)00239-0","article-title":"Ginsenosides that produce differential antinociception in mice","volume":"32","author":"Shin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2013.37.54","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rd inhibits the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-\u03baB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mouse liver","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.02.005","article-title":"Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Rf in a rat model of incisional pain","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)01613-2","article-title":"Ginseng and ginsenoside Rg3, a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, modulate Ca2+ channel currents in rat sensory neurons","volume":"436","author":"Rhim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80035-X","article-title":"Family of neutral and acidic amino acid transporters: molecular biology, physiology and medical implications","volume":"9","author":"Kanai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cur. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2009.01.012","article-title":"Imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids at spinal level is associated with maintenance of persistent pain-related behaviors","volume":"59","author":"Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9133-8","article-title":"Changes in amino acids and nitric oxide concentration in cerebrospinal fluid during labor pain","volume":"31","author":"Sethuraman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33853","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.395830","article-title":"N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor- and calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage of K+-Cl\u2212 cotransporter-2 impairs spinal chloride homeostasis in neuropathic pain","volume":"287","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90865-5","article-title":"Experimental peripheral neuropathy decreases the dose of substance P required to increase excitatory amino acid release in the CSF of the rat spinal cord","volume":"139","author":"Skilling","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02937933","article-title":"Prolonged noxious stimulation increases periaqueductal gray NMDA mRNA expression: a hybridization study using two different rat models for nociception","volume":"167","author":"Renno","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.071696","article-title":"Persistent changes in the intrinsic excitability of rat deep cerebellar nuclear neurones induced by EPSP or IPSP bursts","volume":"561","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.03.007","article-title":"Pharmacological evidence for systemic and peripheral antinociceptive activities of pioglitazone in the rat formalin test: role of PPAR\u03b3 and nitric oxide","volume":"805","author":"Mansouri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0130","article-title":"Antinociceptive activity of the chloroform fraction of Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff (Fabaceae) in mice","volume":"2011","author":"Mota","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0135","first-page":"115","article-title":"Carrageenan-induced paw edema in the rat and mouse","volume":"225","author":"Morris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00073-8","article-title":"A mouse model of neuropathic cancer pain","volume":"99","author":"Shimoyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5246\/jcps.2013.02.034","article-title":"Determination of amino acid neurotransmitters in mouse brain tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chin. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.08.055","article-title":"Effects of anesthetic propofol on release of amino acids from the spinal cord during visceral pain","volume":"484","author":"Mu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq367","article-title":"Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal ginsenosides through \u03b1-2 adrenoceptors in the formalin test of rats","volume":"106","author":"Yoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bri. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02733-0","article-title":"Peripheral nitric oxide in carrageenan-induced inflammation","volume":"912","author":"Omote","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/109636","article-title":"Gelam honey inhibits the production of proinflammatory, mediators NO, PGE2, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6 in carrageenan-induced acute paw edema in rats","volume":"2012","author":"Hussein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200211000-00032","article-title":"Role of prostaglandin receptor EP1 in the spinal dorsal horn in carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain","volume":"97","author":"Nakayama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90346-1","article-title":"Formation and instability of o-phthalaldehyde derivatives of amino acids","volume":"178","author":"Garcia Alvarez-Coque","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.10.028","article-title":"Enhanced excitatory and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission contribute to persistent pain-induced neuronal hyper-responsiveness in anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"171","author":"Gong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19980815)53:4<426::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.02.040","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg3 regulates GABAA receptor channel activity: involvement of interaction with the\u03b32 subunit","volume":"705","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320519310100?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320519310100?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T20:35:03Z","timestamp":1758400503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320519310100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0024320519310100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analgesic effect and related amino acids regulation of ginsenoside Rg3 in mouse pain models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117083","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117083"}}