{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:20:44Z","timestamp":1778505644712,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002958","name":"Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T10:54:50Z","timestamp":1593860090000},"page":"118049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Silymarin sex-dependently improves cognitive functions and alters TNF-\u03b1, BDNF, and glutamate in the hippocampus of mice with mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"257","author":[{"given":"Ghaffar","family":"Shokouhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Kosari-Nasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali-Akbar","family":"Salari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082721","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury and blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB): underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the influence of cigarette smoking as a premorbid condition","volume":"21","author":"Sivandzade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00831.x","article-title":"Vergence dysfunction in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): a review","volume":"31","author":"Thiagarajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthal. Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.17.1.61","article-title":"Cognitive impairment associated with major depression following mild and moderate traumatic brain injury","volume":"17","author":"Rapoport","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiat. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174847","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and chronic cognitive impairment: a scoping review","volume":"12","author":"McInnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn347","article-title":"Brain function decline in healthy retired athletes who sustained their last sports concussion in early adulthood","volume":"132","author":"De Beaumont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0030","first-page":"692","article-title":"Neuropsychological deficits in patients with persistent symptoms six months after mild head injury","volume":"30","author":"Bohnen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617705050289","article-title":"Long-term neuropsychological outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"11","author":"Vanderploeg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001728","article-title":"Long-term cognitive and emotional consequences of mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"41","author":"Konrad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.12.031","article-title":"Astaxanthin improves cognitive performance in mice following mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"1659","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.10.020","article-title":"Emergence of cognitive deficits after mild traumatic brain injury due to hyperthermia","volume":"263","author":"Titus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156493","article-title":"Cognitive impairments induced by concussive mild traumatic brain injury in mouse are ameliorated by treatment with phenserine via multiple non-cholinergic and cholinergic mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Tweedie","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.10.030","article-title":"White matter integrity and cognition in mild traumatic brain injury following motor vehicle accident","volume":"1591","author":"Xiong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160220","article-title":"Short and long term behavioral and pathological changes in a novel rodent model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"11","author":"McAteer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00041","article-title":"History of mild traumatic brain injury is associated with deficits in relational memory, reduced hippocampal volume, and less neural activity later in life","volume":"5","author":"Monti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00896.2017","article-title":"Glutamate and GABA concentrations following mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study","volume":"120","author":"Yasen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4373","article-title":"Glutamate neurotransmission in rodent models of traumatic brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Dorsett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.8.1458","article-title":"Excitatory amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute head injuries","volume":"47","author":"Hong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1089\/08977150260190401","article-title":"Alterations in BDNF and synapsin I within the occipital cortex and hippocampus after mild traumatic brain injury in the developing rat: reflections of injury-induced neuroplasticity","volume":"19","author":"Griesbach","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158838","article-title":"Missense mutation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) alters neurocognitive performance in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study","volume":"11","author":"Narayanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.11.012","article-title":"Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of silymarin compared to diazepam and fluoxetine in a mouse model of mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"338","author":"Kosari-Nasab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104528","article-title":"(\u2212)-Phenserine and the prevention of pre-programmed cell death and neuroinflammation in mild traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer\u2019s disease challenged mice","volume":"130","author":"Lecca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00272-3","article-title":"Glutamate receptor function in learning and memory","volume":"140","author":"Riedel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014557107","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitive decline","volume":"107","author":"Terrando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01461-8","article-title":"Role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor in learning and memory","volume":"70","author":"Yamada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.112359","article-title":"Glibenclamide mitigates cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation in rats with type 2 diabetes and sporadic Alzheimer-like disease","volume":"379","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000051","article-title":"Adolescent silymarin treatment increases anxiety-like behaviors in adult mice","volume":"25","author":"Kosari-Nasab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0632-x","article-title":"Improvement of cerebellum redox states and cholinergic functions contribute to the beneficial effects of silymarin against manganese-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"37","author":"Chtourou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0140","first-page":"1529","article-title":"A mini review on the chemistry and neuroprotective effects of silymarin","volume":"18","author":"Pandima Devi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010","article-title":"Silymarin ameliorates experimentally induced depressive like behavior in rats: involvement of hippocampal BDNF signaling, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress response","volume":"179","author":"Thakare","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117597","article-title":"Prenatal maternal stress alters depression-related symptoms in a strain-and sex-dependent manner in rodent offspring","volume":"251","author":"Enayati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0155","first-page":"1","article-title":"The blockade of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor attenuates anxiety-related symptoms and hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis reactivity in mice with mild traumatic brain injury","author":"Kosari-Nasab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-018-0366-4","article-title":"Serotonin 5-HT1A receptors modulate depression-related symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury in male adult mice","volume":"34","author":"Kosari-Nasab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29595-0","article-title":"Small litter size impairs spatial memory and increases anxiety-like behavior in a strain-dependent manner in male mice","volume":"8","author":"Salari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.113003","article-title":"Swimming exercise improves cognitive and behavioral disorders in male NMRI mice with sporadic Alzheimer-like disease","volume":"223","author":"Bashiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.01.005","article-title":"NMDA receptor in the hippocampus alters neurobehavioral phenotypes through inflammatory cytokines in rats with sporadic Alzheimer-like disease","volume":"202","author":"Amani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00310","article-title":"Brain vitamin E deficiency during development is associated with increased glutamate levels and anxiety in adult mice","volume":"12","author":"Desrumaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.10.040","article-title":"Hesperidin attenuates depression-related symptoms in mice with mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"213","author":"Kosari-Nasab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126110","article-title":"Cognitive improvement after mild traumatic brain injury measured with functional neuroimaging during the acute period","volume":"10","author":"Wylie","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.510","article-title":"Lifelong behavioral and neuropathological consequences of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"5","author":"Mouzon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.22.1003","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury induces persistent cognitive deficits and behavioral disturbances in mice","volume":"22","author":"Milman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2016.11.004","article-title":"Autobiographical and episodic memory deficits in mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"111","author":"Wammes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00115","article-title":"A model for mild traumatic brain injury that induces limited transient memory impairment and increased levels of axon related serum biomarkers","volume":"3","author":"Rostami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.05.020","article-title":"Amelioration of cognitive, motor and endogenous defense functions with silymarin, piracetam and protocatechuic acid in the cerebral global ischemic rat model","volume":"93","author":"Muley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2017.01.002","article-title":"Silymarin attenuates aspartame-induced variation in mouse behaviour, cerebrocortical morphology and oxidative stress markers","volume":"24","author":"Onaolapo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2018-0109","article-title":"The effect of silymarin supplementation on cognitive impairment induced by diabetes in rats","volume":"30","author":"Y\u00f6n","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-014-0990-4","article-title":"Silymarin ameliorates memory deficits and neuropathological changes in mouse model of high-fat-diet-induced experimental dementia","volume":"387","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0710-5673","article-title":"Silymarin prevents memory impairments, anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"85","author":"El-Elimat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-017-9759-0","article-title":"Chronic silymarin, quercetin and naringenin treatments increase monoamines synthesis and hippocampal Sirt1 levels improving cognition in aged rats","volume":"13","author":"Sarubbo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.03.072","article-title":"Silymarin, the antioxidant component of Silybum marianum, prevents sepsis-induced acute lung and brain injury","volume":"145","author":"Toklu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.06.018","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of silymarin on ischemia-induced delayed neuronal cell death in rat hippocampus","volume":"1646","author":"Hirayama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200705042","article-title":"Deletion of tumor necrosis factor death receptor inhibits amyloid \u03b2 generation and prevents learning and memory deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s mice","volume":"178","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07377.x","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 synthesis inhibitor, 3,6\u2032-dithiothalidomide, reverses behavioral impairments induced by minimal traumatic brain injury in mice","volume":"118","author":"Baratz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01142-0","article-title":"Glutamate release and neuronal damage in ischemia","volume":"69","author":"Nishizawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253527","article-title":"Glutamate: its role in learning, memory, and the aging brain","volume":"111","author":"McEntee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70052020.x","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury down-regulates glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1 and GLAST) proteins in rat brain","volume":"70","author":"Raghavendra Rao","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1997.14.677","article-title":"Is high extracellular glutamate the key to excitotoxicity in traumatic brain injury?","volume":"14","author":"Obrenovitch","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.10.032","article-title":"Excitotoxicity: bridge to various triggers in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"698","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8753-2","article-title":"Excitotoxicity induced by realgar in the rat hippocampus: the involvement of learning memory injury, dysfunction of glutamate metabolism and NMDA receptors","volume":"51","author":"Huo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049_bb0295","series-title":"Neurotrophic Factors","first-page":"223","article-title":"BDNF and synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and dysfunction","author":"Lu","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320520308006?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320520308006?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T21:14:59Z","timestamp":1765228499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320520308006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0024320520308006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Silymarin sex-dependently improves cognitive functions and alters TNF-\u03b1, BDNF, and glutamate in the hippocampus of mice with mild traumatic brain injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118049","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118049"}}