{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:38:12Z","timestamp":1774262292701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T06:33:51Z","timestamp":1599806031000},"page":"118421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["New insights on possible vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Sundas Nasir","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abu","family":"Hazafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhummad","family":"Mumtaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ume","family":"Kalsoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amna","family":"Kainaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nauman","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleena","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.02.026","article-title":"COVID-19 spike-host cell receptor GRP78 binding site prediction","volume":"80","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2565","article-title":"Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19","volume":"323","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25709","article-title":"Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-020-0233-6","article-title":"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)","volume":"7","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Military Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0025","first-page":"69","article-title":"Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019\u2014COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1\u201330, 2020","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040967","article-title":"A systematic review of COVID-19 epidemiology based on current evidence","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102433","article-title":"The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak","author":"Rothan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2020.1770782","article-title":"The broad-spectrum antiviral recommendations for drug discovery against COVID-19","volume":"52","author":"Hazafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"issue":"10223","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25681","article-title":"Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2467","article-title":"COVID-19 in Singapore\u2014current experience: critical global issues that require attention and action","volume":"323","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"7798","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3","article-title":"A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China","volume":"579","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)","author":"Singhal","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1637-5","article-title":"Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission","volume":"63","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005","article-title":"COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses","volume":"24","author":"Shereen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0090","series-title":"Single-cell RNA Expression Profiling of ACE2, the Putative Receptor of Wuhan 2019-nCov, BioRxiv","author":"Zhao","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1823-x","article-title":"A pilot clinical trial of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13363","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05300-11","article-title":"Cleavage and activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by human airway trypsin-like protease","volume":"85","author":"Bertram","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0105","author":"WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0110","series-title":"A Comparison Analysis on REMDESIVIR, FAVIPIRAVIR, Hydroxychloroquine, ChloroquinE and Azithromycin in the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-A Review","author":"Nyarko","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.013","article-title":"Patients of COVID-19 may benefit from sustained lopinavir-combined regimen and the increase of eosinophil may predict the outcome of COVID-19 progression","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.013","article-title":"Green synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 5-fluorouracil derivatives as potent anticancer agents","volume":"27","author":"Jubeen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2018.02.014","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare professionals in secondary and tertiary hospitals in the capital of Pakistan","volume":"26","author":"Nisa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.02.065","article-title":"Engineering a stable CHO cell line for the expression of a MERS-coronavirus vaccine antigen","volume":"36","author":"Nyon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2020.04.009","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis and structural modeling of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reveals an evolutionary distinct and proteolytically-sensitive activation loop","volume":"432","author":"Jaimes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090825","article-title":"A fusion peptide in the spike protein of MERS coronavirus","volume":"11","author":"Alsaadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.243","article-title":"mRNA vaccines\u2014a new era in vaccinology","volume":"17","author":"Pardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/v12030254","article-title":"Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2016.1213632","article-title":"Adjuvant system AS01: helping to overcome the challenges of modern vaccines","volume":"16","author":"Didierlaurent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert review of vaccines"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.02.001","article-title":"Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007236","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"7592","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16988","article-title":"Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer","volume":"531","author":"Walls","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0175","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine","author":"Tai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cellular & molecular immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008392","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008392","article-title":"Structure of mouse coronavirus spike protein complexed with receptor reveals mechanism for viral entry","volume":"16","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00127-20","article-title":"Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus","volume":"94","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0190","first-page":"69","article-title":"Public health responses to COVID-19 outbreaks on cruise ships\u2014worldwide, February\u2013March 2020","author":"Moriarty","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0688-y","article-title":"Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses","volume":"5","author":"Letko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.11.021","article-title":"Host cell proteases: critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis","volume":"202","author":"Millet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.87a.20047","article-title":"COVID-19: Coronavirus replication, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies","volume":"87","author":"Bergmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cleve. Clin. J. Med."},{"issue":"7807","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2179-y","article-title":"Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"581","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.10.113","article-title":"Vaccination against toxoplasma gondii: an increasing priority for collaborative research?","volume":"9","author":"Innes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert review of vaccines"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2107","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2107","article-title":"Immune responses and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during an outbreak in Iran: comparison with SARS and MERS","volume":"30","author":"Rokni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"7798","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0230","series-title":"Pathogenic Human Coronavirus Infections: Causes and Consequences of Cytokine Storm and Immunopathology, Seminars in Immunopathology","first-page":"529","author":"Channappanavar","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0235","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic","volume":"38","author":"Prompetchara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25685","article-title":"Coronavirus infections and immune responses","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.81","article-title":"SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses","volume":"14","author":"De Wit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02000-18","article-title":"Coronavirus endoribonuclease activity in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus suppresses type I and type III interferon responses","volume":"93","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-0170-0","article-title":"The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia calls for viral vaccines","volume":"5","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00272","article-title":"Research and development on therapeutic agents and vaccines for COVID-19 and related human coronavirus diseases","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Central Science"},{"issue":"7805","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01221-y","article-title":"The race for coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide","volume":"580","author":"Callaway","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.04.018","article-title":"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: a review","volume":"78","author":"Nicola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.03.007","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: status report","volume":"52","author":"Amanat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7807","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5","article-title":"Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor","volume":"581","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0285","first-page":"1","article-title":"Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7348","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707304114","article-title":"Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen","volume":"114","author":"Pallesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"10239","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31252-6","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine development pipeline gears up","volume":"395","author":"Mullard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050526","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19: viral genomics, epidemiology, vaccines, and therapeutic interventions","volume":"12","author":"Uddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.11.064","article-title":"The recombinant N-terminal domain of spike proteins is a potential vaccine against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection","volume":"35","author":"Jiaming","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc1932","article-title":"Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"369","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.05.008","article-title":"A preliminary study on serological assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 238 admitted hospital patients","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0320","article-title":"Vaccination strategies to combat novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2","volume":"117956","author":"Pandey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01691-06","article-title":"The ORF7b protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is expressed in virus-infected cells and incorporated into SARS-CoV particles","volume":"81","author":"Schaecher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1729069","article-title":"Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerging microbes infections"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6803a1","article-title":"Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices\u2014United States, 2019\u201320 influenza season","volume":"68","author":"Grohskopf","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Recommendations reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53767","DOI":"10.3897\/rio.6.e53767","article-title":"An oral live attenuated vaccine strategy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2\/2019-nCoV)","volume":"6","author":"Sanal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research Ideas Outcomes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12806","article-title":"Evolution and containment of transmissible recombinant vector vaccines","volume":"12","author":"Nuismer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020153","article-title":"Progress and prospects on vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25920","article-title":"Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID-19 pandemic: history and mechanism","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.01.020","article-title":"mRNA as a transformative technology for vaccine development to control infectious diseases","volume":"27","author":"Maruggi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.01.013","article-title":"Optimization of lipid nanoparticles for intramuscular administration of mRNA vaccines","volume":"15","author":"Hassett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1089\/gen.40.05.06","article-title":"Race for a coronavirus vaccine: thanks in part to institutional support, CanSino biologics, Moderna therapeutics, and other developers are exploring diverse approaches against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"40","author":"Ricks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genetic Engineering Biotechnology News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0375","series-title":"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Development Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness, bioRxiv","author":"Corbett","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0380","series-title":"Leveraging mRNAs Sequences to Express SARS-CoV-2 Antigens In Vivo","author":"Zeng","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P7","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2014P7","article-title":"Novel Wuhan (2019-nCoV) coronavirus","volume":"201","author":"Carlos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1097","article-title":"The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance","volume":"323","author":"Phelan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"7592","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17200","article-title":"Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein","volume":"531","author":"Kirchdoerfer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6982","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02463","article-title":"A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice","volume":"428","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0405","article-title":"Characterization and preclinical evaluation of the cGMP grade DNA based vaccine, AV-1959D to enter the first-in-human clinical trials","volume":"104823","author":"Petrushina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.08.033","article-title":"Engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases","volume":"80","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6284","article-title":"DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques","volume":"369","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16505-0","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30266-X","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial","volume":"19","author":"Modjarrad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-014-3504-0","article-title":"Design of a heterosubtypic epitope-based peptide vaccine fused with hemokinin-1 against influenza viruses","volume":"30","author":"Shahsavandi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-005-0781-7","article-title":"The role of the proteasome in generating cytotoxic T-cell epitopes: insights obtained from improved predictions of proteasomal cleavage","volume":"57","author":"Nielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"issue":"10223","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30154-9","article-title":"A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster","volume":"395","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0445","series-title":"Design of an Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Vaccine Informatics Approach, bioRxiv","author":"Khan","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0450","article-title":"Application of in-silico reverse vaccinology for designing multi-epitope vaccine against coronavirus","author":"Sharp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemrxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0455","series-title":"Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design Using an Immunoinformatics Approach for 2019 Novel Coronavirus in China (SARS-CoV-2), bioRxiv","author":"Feng","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0460","series-title":"The latest advancements in Zika virus vaccine development","author":"Du","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020251","article-title":"The potency of an anti-MERS coronavirus subunit vaccine depends on a unique combinatorial adjuvant formulation","volume":"8","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0470","first-page":"1","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pipeline: an overview","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current tropical medicine reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0475","series-title":"Clover Initiates Development of Recombinant Subunit-trimer Vaccine for Wuhan Coronavirus (2019-Ncov)","author":"Biopharmaceuticals","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0480","series-title":"Subunit Nanovaccine with Potent Cellular and Mucosal Immunity for COVID-19","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0485","article-title":"Design of a peptide-based subunit vaccine against novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2","volume":"104236","author":"Kalita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4594","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from lethal avian influenza a H5N1 infections","volume":"5","author":"Zou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19840","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19840","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits lung injury induced by respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"6","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0072-7","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in healthy human subjects","volume":"52","author":"Haschke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0505","article-title":"Potent neutralization of 2019 novel coronavirus by recombinant ACE2-Ig","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0510","article-title":"Protection of rhesus macaque from SARS-coronavirus challenge by recombinant adenovirus vaccine","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa410","article-title":"Comparative replication and immune activation profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in human lungs: an ex vivo study with implications for the pathogenesis of COVID-19","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030623","article-title":"Potential rapid diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3143","article-title":"A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses","volume":"11","author":"Graham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01963","article-title":"New vaccine technologies to combat outbreak situations","volume":"9","author":"Rauch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316","article-title":"Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus\u2013infected pneumonia","volume":"382","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b03893","article-title":"Safe staphylococcal platform for the development of multivalent nanoscale vesicles against viral infections","volume":"18","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00937","article-title":"A snapshot of the global race for vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Funk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6494","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8923","article-title":"Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development","volume":"368","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0555","author":"NIH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.03.023","article-title":"Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320520311747?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320520311747?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T10:29:32Z","timestamp":1717237772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320520311747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["S0024320520311747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New insights on possible vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118421","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118421"}}