{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:01:53Z","timestamp":1785870113457,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRPU-3766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRPU-3766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008697","name":"University of Karachi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRPU-3766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRPU-3766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T12:58:17Z","timestamp":1617022697000},"page":"119417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spirulina platensis reduces the schizophrenic-like symptoms in rat model by restoring altered APO-E and RTN-4 protein expression in prefrontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Saida","family":"Haider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidrah","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehra","family":"Batool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Sadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laraib","family":"Liaquat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiqa","family":"Tabassum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahira","family":"Perveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.12.003","article-title":"Anticipatory pleasure for future rewards is attenuated in patients with schizophrenia but not in individuals with schizotypal traits","volume":"206","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.67","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"1","author":"Kahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12290","article-title":"Glia-related genes and their contribution to schizophrenia","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.170","article-title":"A novel rare variant R292H in RTN4R affects growth cone formation and possibly contributes to schizophrenia susceptibility","volume":"7","author":"Kimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/35000219","article-title":"Nogo-A is a myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor and an antigen for monoclonal antibody IN-1","volume":"403","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.09.011","article-title":"Pretreatment of aripiprazole and minocycline, but not haloperidol, suppresses oligodendrocyte damage from interferongamma- stimulated microglia in co-culture model","volume":"151","author":"Seki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.2741\/3729","article-title":"The neurobiology of APOE in schizophrenia and mood disorders","volume":"16","author":"Gibbons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1384","article-title":"Decreasing myelin density reflected increasing white matter pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease - a neuropathological study","volume":"20","author":"Sjobeck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2013.33176","article-title":"Low-density lipoprotein, its susceptibility to oxidation and the role of lipoprotein-b associated phospholipase A2 and carboxyl ester lipases in atherosclerotic plaque formation","volume":"9","author":"Burchardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00528-7","article-title":"Electron microscopy of oligodendroglia in severe mental illness","volume":"55","author":"Uranova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.03.024","article-title":"Apolipoprotein e affects both myelin breakdown and cognition: implications for age-related trajectories of decline into dementia","volume":"62","author":"Bartzokis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.28","article-title":"Decreased cortical muscarinic receptors define a subgroup of subjects with schizophrenia","volume":"14","author":"Scarr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06638.x","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases and infections as risk factors for schizophrenia","volume":"1262","author":"Benros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.018","article-title":"The interaction of nuclear factor-kappa B and cytokines is associated with schizophrenia","volume":"65","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001556","article-title":"Treatments for schizophrenia: a critical review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs","volume":"10","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072991","article-title":"Protective role of Spirulina platensis against acute deltamethrin-induced toxicity in rats","volume":"8","author":"Abdel-Daim","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"486","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0085","first-page":"120","article-title":"Effect of spirulina intervention on oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and lipid profile in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"2015","author":"Ismail","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bio Med Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0090","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Antioxidant, immunomodulating, and microbial-modulating activities of the sustainable and ecofriendly spirulina","volume":"3247528","author":"Finamore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0095","series-title":"Superfood and Functional Food - the Development of Superfoods and Their Roles as Medicine","first-page":"1","article-title":"A prominent superfood: Spirulina platensis","author":"Seyidoglu","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.09.010","article-title":"Spirulina- from growth to nutritional product: a review","volume":"69","author":"Soni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0105","first-page":"387","article-title":"The hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation in a Cretan population with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective pilot study","volume":"27","author":"Mazokopakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0058-4","article-title":"Impact of daily supplementation of Spirulina platensis on the immune system of na\u00efve HIV-1 patients in Cameroon: a 12-months single blind, randomized, multicenter trial","volume":"14","author":"Ngo-Matip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045256","article-title":"A spirulina-enhanced diet provides neuroprotection in an \u03b1-synuclein model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Pabon","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2379-5","article-title":"Neuroprotective activities of spirulina platensis in the 6-ohda model of parkinson\u2019s disease are related to its anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"42","author":"Lima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0744-2","article-title":"Effect of spirulina maxima on the haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rats","volume":"114","author":"Thaakur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0130","first-page":"1847","article-title":"Blue - green algae: a miracle from sea combats the oxidative stress and improves behavioral deficits in an animal model of Schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Shahzad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(92)90029-4","article-title":"The behavioural effects of MK-801 in rats: involvement of dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic systems","volume":"215","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.05.011","article-title":"Effect of maternal immune activation on the kynurenine pathway in preadolescent rat offspring and on MK801- induced hyperlocomotion in adulthood: amelioration by COX-2 inhibition","volume":"41","author":"Zavitsanou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145708008432","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex lesions cause only minor effects on the hyperlocomotion induced by MK-801 and its reversal by clozapine","volume":"11","author":"Scorza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0150","first-page":"2423","article-title":"Dizocilpine induced psychosis-like behavior in rats: a possible animal model with full spectrum of schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Shahzad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0023-9690(81)90020-5","article-title":"Spatial localization does not depend on the presence of local cues","volume":"12","author":"Morris","year":"1981","journal-title":"Learn. Motiv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0160","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Impact of oral supplementation of glutamate and GABA on memory performance and neurochemical profile in hippocampus of rats","volume":"30","author":"Tabassum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069381","article-title":"Early enriched environment exposure protects spatial memory and amyloid plaque formation in APP Swe\/PS1 L166P mice","volume":"8","author":"Montarolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0170","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Evaluation of cognitive function of fluoxetine, sertraline and tianeptine in isolation and chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive Wistar rats","volume":"41","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-016-9811-4","article-title":"Magnesium treatment palliates noise-induced behavioral deficits by normalizing DAergic and 5-HTergic metabolism in adult male rats","volume":"31","author":"Haider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0180","first-page":"1","article-title":"Methods of biochemical analysis","volume":"5","author":"Augustinsson","year":"1957","journal-title":"Inter. Sci. N.Y."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.05.039","article-title":"A rapid and simple method for the determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in mouse brain homogenate by HPLC with fluorimetric detection","volume":"98","author":"De Benedetto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0195","first-page":"1","article-title":"American Psychiatric Association; Steering Committee on Practice Guidelines. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition","volume":"161","author":"Lehman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01386.x","article-title":"Animal models of schizophrenia","volume":"164","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0205","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nutritional analysis of spirulina sp to promote as superfood candidate","volume":"509","author":"Liestianty","year":"2019","journal-title":"OP Conf. Ser.: Mater Sci Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212799958594","article-title":"Genetic data supporting the NMDA glutamate receptor hypothesis for schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Schwartz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911795596595","article-title":"Oxidative stress in schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Boskovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"53","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0220","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Spirulina in clinical practice: evidence-based human applications","volume":"2011","author":"Karkos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.03.005","article-title":"Schizophrenia, \u201cjust the facts\u201d 4 clinical features and conceptualization","volume":"110","author":"Tandon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.04.032","article-title":"Evidence for involvement of nitric oxide and GABA(B) receptors in MK-801- stimulated release of glutamate in rat prefrontal cortex","volume":"63","author":"Roenker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.10.1809","article-title":"Working memory deficit as a core neuropsychological dysfunction in schizophrenia","volume":"160","author":"Silver","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.003","article-title":"Defining a cognitive function decrement in schizophrenia","volume":"57","author":"Keefe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0245","first-page":"2","article-title":"Spirulina as a main source of tryptophan for mental illness: improving level of serotonin through tryptophan supplementation","volume":"7","author":"Demelash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global J Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010056","article-title":"Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis","volume":"8","author":"Jenkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.01.073","article-title":"Transplantation of NSC derived cholinergic neuron-like cells improves cognitive function in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice","volume":"291","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2013.04.006","article-title":"Heavy metal analysis in commercial spirulina products for human consumption","volume":"20","author":"Al-Dhabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30121","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.47.30121","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E-containing high density lipoprotein promotes neurite outgrowth and is a ligand for the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein","volume":"271","author":"Fagan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5545","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5545.1354","article-title":"CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived cholesterol","volume":"294","author":"Mauch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00075-1","article-title":"Increased levels of apolipoprotein E in the frontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia","volume":"54","author":"Dean","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.12.028","article-title":"Differential changes in apolipoprotein E in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder","volume":"57","author":"Digney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0285","first-page":"19","article-title":"Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and Apolipoprotein E expression is altered in schizophrenia","volume":"1","author":"Gibbons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.09.015","article-title":"Neurobiology of schizophrenia","volume":"52","author":"Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-018-0066-4","article-title":"Studying and modulating schizophrenia-associated dysfunctions of oligodendrocytes with patient-specific cell systems","volume":"4","author":"Raabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr."},{"issue":"6818","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/35053072","article-title":"Identification of a receptor mediating Nogo-66 inhibition of axonal regeneration","volume":"409","author":"Fournier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4393-09.2010","article-title":"Constitutive genetic deletion of the growth regulator Nogo-A induces schizophrenia-related endophenotypes","volume":"30","author":"Willi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13161","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3828-08.2008","article-title":"Genetic variants of Nogo-66 receptor with possible association to schizophrenia block myelin inhibition of axon growth","volume":"28","author":"Budel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.05.020","article-title":"Missense mutation of the reticulon-4 receptor alters spatial memory and social interaction in mice","volume":"224","author":"Lazar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31199","article-title":"Association study of Nogo-related genes with schizophrenia in a Japanese case-control sample","volume":"156B","author":"Jitoku","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1551-2","article-title":"Early effects of mood stabilizers on the Akt\/GSK-3beta signaling pathway and on cell survival and proliferation","volume":"205","author":"Aubry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.06.005","article-title":"AKT1 is associated with schizophrenia across multiple symptom dimensions in the Irish study of high density schizophrenia families","volume":"63","author":"Thiselton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0335","first-page":"2200","article-title":"Genetic variation in AKT1 is linked to dopamine-associated prefrontal cortical structure and function in humans","volume":"118","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.03.005","article-title":"Cytokine function in medicationnaive first episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Upthegrove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.12.005","article-title":"Increased serum interleukin-6 levels in early stages of psychosis: associations with at-risk mental states and the severity of psychotic symptoms","volume":"41","author":"Stojanovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00098-X","article-title":"D-serine forthe treatment of negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk of schizophrenia: a pilot, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel group mechanistic proof-of-concept trial","volume":"2","author":"Kantrowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.922699","article-title":"Prolactin serum levels correlate with inflammatory status in drug-na\u00efve first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.01.003","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihepatotoxic effects of Spirulina platensis against D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"26","author":"Al-Qahtani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320521004021?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320521004021?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T20:49:18Z","timestamp":1758401358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320521004021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S0024320521004021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spirulina platensis reduces the schizophrenic-like symptoms in rat model by restoring altered APO-E and RTN-4 protein expression in prefrontal cortex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119417","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119417"}}