{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:21:47Z","timestamp":1792758107461,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP-2020\/29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/29"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T20:56:53Z","timestamp":1641502613000},"page":"120300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Targeting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy by galangin mitigates cadmium-induced renal damage: Role of SIRT1\/Nrf2 and AMPK\/mTOR pathways"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Hany H.","family":"Arab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El-Shaimaa A.","family":"Arafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana J.","family":"Al Khabbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Abd El-Aal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.475","article-title":"Trehalose protects against cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in primary rat proximal tubular cells via inhibiting apoptosis and restoring autophagic flux","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.166769","article-title":"Mechanisms of cadmium-induced proximal tubule injury: new insights with implications for biomonitoring and therapeutic interventions","volume":"343","author":"Prozialeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.03.026","article-title":"Metallothionein protection of cadmium toxicity","volume":"238","author":"Klaassen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.10.016","article-title":"Puerarin reverses cadmium-induced lysosomal dysfunction in primary rat proximal tubular cells via inhibiting Nrf2 pathway","volume":"162","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20181614","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates acute kidney ischemia\/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by activation of the SIRT1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"39","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2017.07.021","article-title":"The environment and male reproduction: the effect of cadmium exposure on reproductive function and its implication in fertility","volume":"73","author":"de Angelis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1159\/000440967","article-title":"SIRT1 and kidney function","volume":"1","author":"Guan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Dis. (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1797280","article-title":"Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy","volume":"17","author":"Klionsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010100","article-title":"Autophagy function and regulation in kidney disease","volume":"10","author":"Kaushal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0050","article-title":"Resveratrol attenuates oxalate-induced renal oxidative injury and calcium oxalate crystal deposition by regulating TFEB-induced autophagy pathway","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22228","article-title":"Autophagy inhibition-enhanced assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with cisplatin-induced acute injury to the liver and kidneys in rats","volume":"33","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01252-w","article-title":"Protective effect of galangin against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in Balb\/c mice","volume":"68","author":"Sangaraju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080346","article-title":"Galangin activates Nrf2 signaling and attenuates oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in a rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"9","author":"Aladaileh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S258187","article-title":"Galangin improved non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by promoting autophagy","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111410","article-title":"Galangin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy through modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats","volume":"138","author":"Abukhalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020347","article-title":"Galangin protects against symptoms of dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis by activating autophagy and modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Xuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119856","article-title":"Galangin mitigates iron overload-triggered liver injury: up-regulation of PPARgamma and Nrf2 signaling, and abrogation of the inflammatory responses","volume":"283","author":"Salama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfab009","article-title":"Galangin attenuates oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial cells through modulating renin-angiotensin system and PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"10","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res. (Camb)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1159\/000495553","article-title":"Galangin alleviates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model by mediating the PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02606-4","article-title":"Protective effect of vitamin E on cadmium-induced renal oxidative damage and apoptosis in rats","volume":"199","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119031","article-title":"Activation of autophagy by sitagliptin attenuates cadmium-induced testicular impairment in rats: targeting AMPK\/mTOR and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways","volume":"269","author":"Arab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2018.1480629","article-title":"Protective effects of polydatin and grape seed extract in rats exposed to cadmium","volume":"43","author":"Evcimen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1062-7","article-title":"Protective effects of Fragaria ananassa extract against cadmium chloride-induced acute renal toxicity in rats","volume":"181","author":"Elkhadragy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119295","article-title":"Linagliptin mitigates experimental inflammatory bowel disease in rats by targeting inflammatory and redox signaling","volume":"273","author":"Arab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-98","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor attenuates kidney injury in rat remnant kidney","volume":"14","author":"Joo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119743","article-title":"Activation of AMPK\/mTOR-driven autophagy and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by saxagliptin ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage","volume":"280","author":"Arab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0140","first-page":"882","article-title":"Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Beutler","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.041","article-title":"Caffeic acid and ellagic acid ameliorate adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats via targeting inflammatory signals, chitinase-3-like protein-1 and angiogenesis","volume":"110","author":"Fikry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6","article-title":"Microsomal lipid peroxidation","volume":"52","author":"Buege","year":"1978","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2006.07.012","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin on experimental chronic cadmium nephrotoxicity in rats is based on its antioxidant properties","volume":"44","author":"Morales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.07.002","article-title":"Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships of flavonoids","volume":"67","author":"Seyoum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16782","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.096545","article-title":"Physical and functional interaction of sequestosome 1 with Keap1 regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 cell defense pathway","volume":"285","author":"Copple","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2021","article-title":"The selective autophagy substrate p62 activates the stress responsive transcription factor Nrf2 through inactivation of Keap1","volume":"12","author":"Komatsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3735","article-title":"Self-consumption: the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Marino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.121","article-title":"Apoptosis blocks beclin 1-dependent autophagosome synthesis: an effect rescued by bcl-xL","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-4678","article-title":"miR-17-5p attenuates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the PTEN and BIM pathways","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112058","article-title":"Cadmium exposure induces rat proximal tubular cells injury via p62-dependent Nrf2 nucleus translocation mediated activation of AMPK\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"214","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.624404","article-title":"Yiqi jiedu huayu decoction alleviates renal injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by promoting autophagy","volume":"12","author":"Xuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S299375","article-title":"Emodin ameliorates renal damage and podocyte injury in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy via regulating AMPK\/mTOR-mediated autophagy signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931750","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3931750","article-title":"Xianling gubao capsule prevents cadmium-induced kidney injury","volume":"2021","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111828","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy contributed to cadmium nephrotoxicity in HK-2 cells and Sprague-dawley rats","volume":"146","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300_bb0215","article-title":"Role of autophagy on heavy metal-induced renal damage and the protective effects of curcumin in autophagy and kidney preservation","volume":"55","author":"Avila-Rojas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002432052101287X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002432052101287X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T20:56:42Z","timestamp":1758401802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002432052101287X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S002432052101287X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Targeting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy by galangin mitigates cadmium-induced renal damage: Role of SIRT1\/Nrf2 and AMPK\/mTOR pathways","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120300","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120300"}}