{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:59:48Z","timestamp":1791806388844,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005039","name":"Leiden University Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T15:36:47Z","timestamp":1727278607000},"page":"123080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Out-of-phase treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid betamethasone disturbs glucose metabolism in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"357","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick C.N.","family":"Rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onno C.","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Kooijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2895-8_5","article-title":"Regulation of glucose homeostasis by glucocorticoids","volume":"872","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.1","article-title":"Immune regulation by glucocorticoids","volume":"17","author":"Cain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.02.010","article-title":"Role of glucocorticoids and the glucocorticoid receptor in metabolism: insights from genetic manipulations","volume":"122","author":"Rose","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00576.x","article-title":"HPA axis-rhythms","volume":"4","author":"Spiga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0054","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and fatty acid metabolism in humans: fuelling fat redistribution in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"197","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.02.003","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of adrenal glucocorticoid: its regulation and clinical implications","volume":"1812","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13391","article-title":"Differential effects of the circadian system and circadian misalignment on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in humans","volume":"20","author":"Qian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2225","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418955112","article-title":"Endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment impact glucose tolerance via separate mechanisms in humans","volume":"112","author":"Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.7.6868","article-title":"Differentiation of adipose stromal cells: the roles of glucocorticoids and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase","volume":"140","author":"Bujalska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114345","article-title":"Promoting effect of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells cultured in a chemically defined medium","volume":"84","author":"Hauner","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"4968","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2166335","article-title":"Identification of a sequence in the PEPCK gene that mediates a negative effect of insulin on transcription","volume":"249","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.8.2535","article-title":"A glucose transport protein expressed predominately in insulin-responsive tissues","volume":"86","author":"Charron","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90968-9","article-title":"Identification of a novel gene encoding an insulin-responsive glucose transporter protein","volume":"57","author":"Birnbaum","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.117215","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"17","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1075","article-title":"The population risk of fractures attributable to oral corticosteroids","volume":"14","author":"Donnan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-011-9580-0","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis","volume":"41","author":"Weinstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0606","article-title":"Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy","volume":"197","author":"Schakman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/dmr.5610040105","article-title":"Effects of glucocorticoids on carbohydrate metabolism","volume":"4","author":"McMahon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000314213","article-title":"Pathophy- siology of dyslipidemia in Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Arnaldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C23","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0555","article-title":"Three percent annually on systemic glucocorticoids: facts, worries and perspectives","volume":"181","author":"Meijer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0105","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in transcriptional and functional glucocorticoid effects on mouse skeletal muscle","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M052746","article-title":"Brown adipose tissue takes up plasma triglycerides mostly after lipolysis","volume":"56","author":"Khedoe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.11.038","article-title":"KLF15 establishes the landscape of diurnal expression in the heart","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"5488","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5488.2344","article-title":"Resetting of circadian time in peripheral tissues by glucocorticoid signaling","volume":"289","author":"Balsalobre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2016.1238831","article-title":"Timing of glucocorticoid administration determines severity of lipid metabolism and behavioral effects in rats","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111018","article-title":"Flattening of circadian glucocorticoid oscillations drives acute hyperinsulinemia and adipocyte hypertrophy","volume":"39","author":"Tholen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.31","article-title":"Clocking in: chronobiology in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Buttgereit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.1.27","article-title":"The timing of glucocorticoid administration in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"56","author":"Arvidson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4887-0","article-title":"Androgens sensitise mice to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and fat accumulation","volume":"62","author":"Gasparini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.01.010","article-title":"Glucocorticoid sexual dimorphism in metabolism: dissecting the role of sex hormones","volume":"31","author":"Kroon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00194","article-title":"Sex difference in Corticos- terone-induced insulin resistance in mice","volume":"160","author":"Kaikaew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200301000-00017","article-title":"A placebo-controlled comparison of effects of repetitive doses of betamethasone and dexamethasone on lung maturation and lung, liver, and body weights of mouse pups","volume":"53","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91445","article-title":"Intermittent glucocorticoid steroid dosing enhances muscle repair without eliciting muscle atrophy","volume":"127","author":"Quattrocelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1356","article-title":"Glucocorticoids reprogram beta-cell signaling to preserve insulin secretion","volume":"67","author":"Fine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1483","article-title":"Banting lecture 2011: hyperinsulinemia: cause or consequence?","volume":"61","author":"Corkey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10842","article-title":"Obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"106","author":"Kahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41151-4","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase activity and mRNA levels in isolated rat adipocytes","volume":"35","author":"Slavin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0383","article-title":"Inhibition of insulin sensitivity by free fatty acids requires activation of multiple serine kinases in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.06.011","article-title":"Glucocorticoids acutely increase Brown adipose tissue activity in humans, revealing species-specific differences in UCP-1 regulation","volume":"24","author":"Ramage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1370209","article-title":"Glucocorticoid osteoporosis--mechanisms and management","volume":"137","author":"Reid","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0979","article-title":"Morning hyperinsulinemia primes the liver for glucose uptake and glycogen storage later in the day","volume":"67","author":"Moore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E721","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00323.2020","article-title":"Effects of chronic hyperinsulinemia on metabolic pathways and insulin signaling in the fetal liver","volume":"319","author":"Rozance","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-19-0169","article-title":"Characterising hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells","volume":"64","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320524006702?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320524006702?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:23:30Z","timestamp":1776097410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320524006702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0024320524006702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Out-of-phase treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid betamethasone disturbs glucose metabolism in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123080","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"123080"}}