{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:57:32Z","timestamp":1784613452245,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82460023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012669","name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T16:54:39Z","timestamp":1768236879000},"page":"124209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["From inflammation to innovation: Exploring the emerging roles of itaconate in ARDS"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"388","author":[{"given":"Guixiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","article-title":"Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries","volume":"315","author":"Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr4915","article-title":"The contribution of COVID-19 to acute respiratory distress syndrome-related mortality in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Oud","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"issue":"2025","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0015","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): from mechanistic insights to therapeutic strategies","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2023.2278328","article-title":"Role and mechanism of ferroptosis in acute lung injury","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218599110","article-title":"Immune-responsive gene 1 protein links metabolism to immunity by catalyzing itaconic acid production","volume":"110","author":"Michelucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00807-3","article-title":"Itaconate inhibits ferroptosis of macrophage via Nrf2 pathways against sepsis-induced acute lung injury","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01160-2","article-title":"4-Octyl itaconate alleviates endothelial cell inflammation and barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced sepsis via modulating TLR4\/MAPK\/NF-\u03baB signaling: 4-Octyl itaconate alleviates endothelial dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxad127","article-title":"Itaconate as a key regulator of respiratory disease","volume":"215","author":"Michalaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3480","DOI":"10.62347\/NUIN2087","article-title":"Itaconate to treat acute lung injury: recent advances and insights from preclinical models","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.05.007","article-title":"The immunomodulatory potential of the metabolite itaconate","volume":"40","author":"Hooftman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.131.1.136-144.1977","article-title":"Itaconate, an isocitrate lyase-directed inhibitor in Pseudomonas indigofera","volume":"131","author":"McFadden","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16386","DOI":"10.1021\/ja2070889","article-title":"Itaconic acid is a mammalian metabolite induced during macrophage activation","volume":"133","author":"Strelko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25986","article-title":"Itaconate is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that activates Nrf2 via alkylation of KEAP1","volume":"556","author":"Mills","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0052-z","article-title":"Electrophilic properties of itaconate and derivatives regulate the I\u03baB\u03b6-ATF3 inflammatory axis","volume":"556","author":"Bambouskova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.22-0104","article-title":"Deficiency of IRG1\/itaconate aggravates endotoxemia-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting autophagy in mice","volume":"72","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13454","article-title":"Itaconate and fumarate derivatives inhibit priming and activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages","volume":"165","author":"Hoyle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.114935","article-title":"Itaconate attenuates osteoarthritis by inhibiting STING\/NF-\u03baB axis in chondrocytes and promoting M2 polarization in macrophages","volume":"198","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI148548","article-title":"The role of itaconate in host defense and inflammation","volume":"132","author":"Peace","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c02646","article-title":"Discovery of orally available prodrugs of itaconate and derivatives","volume":"68","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11050270","article-title":"Establishment, validation, and initial application of a sensitive LC-MS\/MS assay for quantification of the naturally occurring isomers itaconate, mesaconate, and citraconate","volume":"11","author":"Winterhoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114911","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based itaconate treatment recapitulates low-cholesterol\/low-fat diet-induced atherosclerotic plaque resolution","volume":"43","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01363-1","article-title":"In vivo itaconate tracing reveals degradation pathway and turnover kinetics","volume":"7","author":"Willenbockel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA08298B","article-title":"Itaconate and its derivatives as anti-pathogenic agents","volume":"15","author":"Al Mazraani","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.03.007","article-title":"IL-33 facilitates endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis in LPS-stimulated ARDS model in vitro","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0125","article-title":"Oxidative stress in ARDS: mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00115-8","article-title":"Defining and subphenotyping ARDS: insights from an international Delphi expert panel","volume":"13","author":"Nasa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2026131","article-title":"Cytokine Storm","volume":"383","author":"Fajgenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00679-0","article-title":"The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108255","article-title":"The triumvirate of NF-\u03baB, inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19","volume":"101","author":"Attiq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12867","article-title":"Sepsis induces interleukin 6, gp130\/JAK2\/STAT3, and muscle wasting","volume":"13","author":"Zanders","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03271-6","article-title":"Transcriptional factor ATF3 promotes liver fibrosis via activating hepatic stellate cells","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2423","article-title":"New regulators of NF-kappaB in inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Ghosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014181","article-title":"ATF3 plays a key role in Kdo2-lipid A-induced TLR4-dependent gene expression via NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201201-0003OC","article-title":"Inflammasome-regulated cytokines are critical mediators of acute lung injury","volume":"185","author":"Dolinay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01687-y","article-title":"The role of inflammasomes in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.149","article-title":"Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory diseases","volume":"17","author":"Mangan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113998","article-title":"NEK7 mediated assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome downstream of potassium efflux in ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"177","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.07.016","article-title":"The immunomodulatory metabolite itaconate modifies NLRP3 and inhibits inflammasome activation","volume":"32","author":"Hooftman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5547","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S280922","article-title":"4-Octyl Itaconate alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01273","article-title":"Gastrodin alleviates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and cellular dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2\/Heme Oxygenase-1 pathway and accelerates wound healing in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112336","article-title":"Oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases: involvement of Nrf2 antioxidant redox signaling in macrophage foam cells formation","volume":"18","author":"Ooi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00233-1","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress in disease: promise and limitations of antioxidant therapy","volume":"20","author":"Forman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0215","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and strategies for antioxidant intervention in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.032","article-title":"Reactive nitrogen species as therapeutic targets for autophagy\/mitophagy modulation to relieve neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: potential application for drug discovery","volume":"208","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63245-2_8","article-title":"ROS signaling in the pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)","volume":"967","author":"Kellner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110104","article-title":"4-octyl itaconate ameliorates alveolar macrophage pyroptosis against ARDS via rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressing the cGAS\/STING pathway","volume":"118","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2024.106546","article-title":"Dimethyl itaconate mitigates histological distortions, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"243","author":"Hosseinkhani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02075-5","article-title":"IRG1\/itaconate enhances efferocytosis by activating Nrf2-TIM4 signaling pathway to alleviate con A induced autoimmune liver injury","volume":"23","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0245","article-title":"Corilagin inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation and protects against hydrochloric acid\/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by suppressing the STAT3 and NOX2 signaling pathways","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320241272642","article-title":"Flavone attenuates nicotine-induced lung injury in rats exposed to gamma radiation via modulating PI3K\/Nrf2 and FoxO1\/NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"38","author":"Elsayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114320","article-title":"Cell death in the lung: the apoptosis-necroptosis axis","volume":"81","author":"Sauler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.832356","article-title":"Mitochondria related cell death modalities and disease","volume":"10","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12223","article-title":"Macrophage heterogeneity in tissues: phenotypic diversity and functions","volume":"262","author":"Gordon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines","volume":"41","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11419","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S497775","article-title":"Regulated cell death of alveolar macrophages in acute lung inflammation: current knowledge and perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01278-x","article-title":"Immune response Gene-1 [IRG1]\/itaconate protect against multi-organ injury via inhibiting gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis and inflammatory response","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-1448","article-title":"Itaconate ameliorates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced acute lung injury through the Nrf2\/ARE pathway","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.009","article-title":"Ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis is involved in sepsis-induced cardiac injury","volume":"160","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02745-1","article-title":"Panaxydol attenuates ferroptosis against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by Keap1-Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03038-9","article-title":"Lower serum GPX4 and GSH\/GSSG ratio are associated with poor prognosis in severe community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-024-01303-8","article-title":"Itaconate protects ferroptotic neurons by alkylating GPx4 post stroke","volume":"31","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113945","article-title":"IRG1\/Itaconate inhibits hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis and attenuates TAA-induced liver fibrosis by regulating SLC39A14 expression","volume":"146","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-025-02256-x","article-title":"4-octyl Itaconate attenuates acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury by suppressing ferroptosis in mice","volume":"48","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16262","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001758R","article-title":"Inhibition of ACSL4 attenuates ferroptotic damage after pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0335","article-title":"Mitochondrial DAMPs increase endothelial permeability through neutrophil dependent and independent pathways","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.6.2004035","article-title":"Alveolar fluid clearance is impaired in the majority of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"163","author":"Ware","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01282-2015","article-title":"Influenza virus damages the alveolar barrier by disrupting epithelial cell tight junctions","volume":"47","author":"Short","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.63.1.521","article-title":"Surfactant proteins a and d and pulmonary host defense","volume":"63","author":"Crouch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207461","article-title":"The pulmonary endothelium in acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"71","author":"Millar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00065504","article-title":"Decreased VEGF concentration in lung tissue and vascular injury during ARDS","volume":"25","author":"Abadie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076612","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"387","author":"Wick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-018-0294-2","article-title":"Four-octyl itaconate activates Keap1-Nrf2 signaling to protect neuronal cells from hydrogen peroxide","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.06.004","article-title":"Itaconate links inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase with macrophage metabolic remodeling and regulation of inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Lampropoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.12.032","article-title":"Activation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling by 4-octyl itaconate protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from high glucose","volume":"508","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103115","article-title":"Itaconic acid regulation of TFEB-mediated autophagy flux alleviates hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4938","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18764-3","article-title":"SARS-CoV2-mediated suppression of NRF2-signaling reveals potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of 4-octyl-itaconate and dimethyl fumarate","volume":"11","author":"Olagnier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01325-23","article-title":"4-Octyl itaconate reduces influenza a replication by targeting the nuclear export protein CRM1","volume":"97","author":"Rib\u00f3-Molina","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2020.07.011","article-title":"Itaconic acid impairs the mitochondrial function by the inhibition of complexes II and IV and induction of the permeability transition pore opening in rat liver mitochondria","volume":"176","author":"Belosludtsev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155761","article-title":"Quercetin induces itaconic acid-mediated M1\/M2 alveolar macrophages polarization in respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"130","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7313","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00563-16","article-title":"Suppression of IRG-1 reduces inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury in respiratory syncytial virus infection by reducing production of reactive oxygen species","volume":"90","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011506","article-title":"NRF2 activators inhibit influenza A virus replication by interfering with nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral RNPs in an NRF2-independent manner","volume":"19","author":"Waqas","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00348-6","article-title":"Itaconate reduces viral endocytosis by targeting Cys128 of the adaptor-related protein complex 1 gamma 1 subunit in the host, providing a novel target for antiviral drug development","volume":"6","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02077-8","article-title":"Itaconate facilitates viral infection via alkylating GDI2 and retaining Rab GTPase on the membrane","volume":"9","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.104993","article-title":"Targeted macrophage phagocytosis by Irg1\/itaconate axis improves the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke and peritonitis","volume":"101","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b01683","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of itaconic acid derivatives as potential anti-Influenza agents","volume":"62","author":"Sethy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0440","article-title":"Itaconate and derivatives reduce interferon responses and inflammation in influenza A virus infection","volume":"18","author":"Sohail","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-021-2070-y","article-title":"A urinary proteomic landscape of COVID-19 progression identifies signaling pathways and therapeutic options","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.06.016","article-title":"Omics-driven systems interrogation of metabolic dysregulation in COVID-19 pathogenesis","volume":"32","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-020-10147-6","article-title":"Itaconic acid hybrids as potential anticancer agents","volume":"26","author":"Perkovi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Divers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0210-0","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of itaconate and its derivatives reveals divergent inflammasome and type I interferon regulation in macrophages","volume":"2","author":"Swain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005408","article-title":"IFNs modify the proteome of Legionella-containing vacuoles and restrict infection via IRG1-derived itaconic acid","volume":"12","author":"Naujoks","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11413.x","article-title":"Inhibition of acetate and propionate assimilation by itaconate via propionyl-CoA carboxylase in isocitrate lyase-negative purple bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum","volume":"216","author":"Berg","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay0934","article-title":"Itaconyl-CoA forms a stable biradical in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and derails its activity and repair","volume":"366","author":"Ruetz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180118","article-title":"Irg1 expression in myeloid cells prevents immunopathology during M. tuberculosis infection","volume":"215","author":"Nair","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI160463","article-title":"The immunometabolite itaconate stimulates OXGR1 to promote mucociliary clearance during the pulmonary innate immune response","volume":"133","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97352-x","article-title":"Itaconic acid exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects via promoting pentose phosphate pathway to produce ROS","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.05.009","article-title":"Itaconate is a lysosomal inducer that promotes antibacterial innate immunity","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c07638","article-title":"Engineering single-component antibacterial anti-inflammatory polyitaconate-based hydrogel for promoting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound healing and skin regeneration","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33413","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c05383","article-title":"Single-component self-healing antibacterial anti-inflammatory intracellular-antioxidative poly(itaconic acid-pluronic) hydrogel for rapid repair of MRSA-impaired wound","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15907","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906606116","article-title":"An essential bifunctional enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis for itaconate dissimilation and leucine catabolism","volume":"116","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.05.012","article-title":"Itaconate promotes inflammatory responses in tissue-resident alveolar macrophages and exacerbates acute lung injury","volume":"37","author":"Shan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9573","article-title":"4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI) attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by suppressing PI3K\/Akt\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathways in mice","volume":"21","author":"Xin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320526000172?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320526000172?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T14:22:46Z","timestamp":1769610166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320526000172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["S0024320526000172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"From inflammation to innovation: Exploring the emerging roles of itaconate in ARDS","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124209","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124209"}}