{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T21:13:35Z","timestamp":1778015615464,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82103836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ22H260002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22H260002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:38:36Z","timestamp":1776407916000},"page":"124402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of low methionine intake on hepatic steatosis in patients and alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis model mice: Role of the indole-3-acetic acid pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"396","author":[{"given":"Fuhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saiying","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuehang","family":"Ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haimeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangzhuo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.07.002","article-title":"Hepatic levels of S-adenosylmethionine regulate the adaptive response to fasting","volume":"35","author":"Capelo-Diz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8053","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO01613K","article-title":"High methionine intake alters gut microbiota and lipid profile and leads to liver steatosis in mice","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15225","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04847","article-title":"Dietary methionine via dose-dependent inhibition of short-chain fatty acid production capacity contributed to a potential risk of cognitive dysfunction in mice","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800735","article-title":"Dietary methionine restriction upregulates endogenous H2 s via miR-328-3p: a potential mechanism to improve liver protein metabolism efficiency in a mouse model of high-fat-diet-induced obesity","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c05829","article-title":"Methionine-restricted diet: a feasible strategy against chronic or aging-related diseases","volume":"71","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111507","article-title":"High dietary methionine intake may contribute to the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting hepatic H2S production","volume":"158","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2017.12.002","article-title":"Sensing and signaling mechanisms linking dietary methionine restriction to the behavioral and physiological components of the response","volume":"51","author":"Forney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7745","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c02965","article-title":"Dietary methionine restriction ameliorated fat accumulation, systemic inflammation, and increased energy metabolism by altering gut microbiota in middle-aged mice administered different fat diets","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c05535","article-title":"Dietary methionine restriction promotes fat Browning and Attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation in high-choline-fed mice associated with the improvement of thyroid function","volume":"71","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-4-8","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise","volume":"4","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030360","article-title":"Protein for life: review of optimal protein intake, sustainable dietary sources and the effect on appetite in ageing adults","volume":"10","author":"Lonnie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-222","article-title":"Principled missing data methods for researchers","volume":"2","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0065","article-title":"The components of age-dependent effects of dietary methionine restriction on energy balance in rats","volume":"26","author":"W","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Silver Spring Md."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.05.029","article-title":"Association between dietary amino acid intake and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"80","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.01.012","article-title":"Amino acid intake and conformance with the dietary reference intakes in the United States: analysis of the National Health and nutrition examination survey. 2001-2018","volume":"153","author":"Berryman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.01.083","article-title":"The curvilinear relationship between hepatic steatosis index and depression: findings from the NHANES","volume":"375","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2009.08.002","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis index: a simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agx063","article-title":"Use of a crossed high alcohol preferring (cHAP) mouse model with the NIAAA-model of chronic-binge ethanol intake to study liver injury","volume":"52","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2023.1283705","article-title":"Greedy knot selection algorithm for restricted cubic spline regression","volume":"3","author":"Arnes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2022.975380","article-title":"Modeling non-linear relationships in epidemiological data: the application and interpretation of spline models","volume":"2","author":"Schuster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1437-3","article-title":"Dietary methionine influences therapy in mouse cancer models and alters human metabolism","volume":"572","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-021-03054-z","article-title":"Tolerable amounts of amino acids for human supplementation: summary and lessons from published peer-reviewed studies","volume":"53","author":"Blachier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0099-1","article-title":"Alcohol, liver disease and the gut microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.06.008","article-title":"Dietary fiber alleviates alcoholic liver injury via Bacteroides acidifaciens and subsequent ammonia detoxification","volume":"32","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31178","article-title":"Fecal microbiome distinguishes alcohol consumption from alcoholic hepatitis but does not discriminate disease severity","volume":"72","author":"Smirnova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0130","article-title":"Alcohol-related changes in the intestinal microbiome influence neutrophil infiltration, inflammation and steatosis in early alcoholic hepatitis in mice","volume":"12","author":"Lowe","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140200","article-title":"Acanthopanax seeds polysaccharide improve alcoholic fatty liver disease through the gut-liver axis","volume":"301","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10535","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO03585A","article-title":"Indole-3-acetamide from gut microbiota activated hepatic AhR and mediated the remission effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 on alcoholic liver injury in mice","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.08.003","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolite indoles induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and inhibited neuroinflammation in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"106","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091244","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulation of AHR signaling in liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.128084","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a predominant mediator for the toxicity of emerging dioxin-like compounds","volume":"426","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021091118","article-title":"Tryptophan-metabolizing gut microbes regulate adult neurogenesis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"118","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.01.006","article-title":"Tryptophan-derived microbial metabolites activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in tumor-associated macrophages to suppress anti-tumor immunity","volume":"55","author":"Hezaveh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0170","article-title":"Microbial tryptophan metabolites ameliorate Ovariectomy-induced bone loss by repairing intestinal AhR-mediated gut-bone signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. Weinh. Baden-Wurtt. Ger."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0175","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus ameliorates acne vulgaris in SD rats via changes in gut microbiota and associated tryptophan metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-024-00550-4","article-title":"Uremic toxins mediate kidney diseases: the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"29","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0185","article-title":"Methionine: an indispensable amino acid in cellular metabolism and health of Atlantic salmon","volume":"2023","author":"E","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115033","article-title":"Methionine cycle in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its potential applications","volume":"200","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02430-7","article-title":"The prevalence of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents and young adults in the United States: analysis of the NHANES database","volume":"22","author":"Alkhouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2276","article-title":"Prevalence of alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in the United States, 2001-2016","volume":"321","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24018","article-title":"Enteric dysbiosis associated with a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"53","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatol. Baltim. Md."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO04890C","article-title":"Impact of astaxanthin on the capacity of gut microbiota to produce tryptophan catabolites","volume":"16","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120986","article-title":"Targeted modification of gut microbiota and related metabolites via dietary fiber","volume":"316","author":"Nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0220","article-title":"Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide prevents alcohol-associated liver disease in mice by modulating the gut microbiota-tryptophan metabolism-AHR pathway axis","volume":"282","author":"Yy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3650","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2369947","article-title":"Microbial tryptophan catabolism as an actionable target via diet-microbiome interactions","volume":"65","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15048","article-title":"Engineered bacteria producing aryl-hydrocarbon receptor agonists protect against ethanol-induced liver disease in mice","volume":"47","author":"Kouno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05470-4","article-title":"Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Roager","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-021-00867-8","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in liver inflammation","volume":"43","author":"Carambia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224772","article-title":"Nuclear receptor PPAR\u03b1 as a therapeutic target in diseases associated with lipid metabolism disorders","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.039","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of PPAR\u03b1 action and its impact on lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"62","author":"Pawlak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320526002110?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320526002110?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:44:25Z","timestamp":1778013865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320526002110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0024320526002110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of low methionine intake on hepatic steatosis in patients and alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis model mice: Role of the indole-3-acetic acid pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124402","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124402"}}