{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:15:50Z","timestamp":1783095350188,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TKP2021-EGA-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015498","name":"Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s \u00e9s Technol\u00f3giai Miniszt\u00e9rium","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015498","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012550","name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innovaci\u00f3s Alap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Research Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011019","name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Hivatal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FK 138842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK 138842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:56:44Z","timestamp":1781200604000},"page":"124532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Toll-like receptor 5 protects against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"401","author":[{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Haghighi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsanna O.","family":"Demeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zsidai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Lengyel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaneh","family":"Haghighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Ostorh\u00e1zi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Jakab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"K\u00f6k\u00e9ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anik\u00f3","family":"G\u00f6rbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f3ra","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Magierowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kl\u00e1ra","family":"Gyires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerda","family":"Wachtl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n S.","family":"Z\u00e1dori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.55","article-title":"Analgesic use\u2014prevalence, biomonitoring and endocrine and reproductive effects","volume":"12","author":"Kristensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3463","article-title":"Trends in the use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the general US population","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207449","article-title":"Prostaglandins and inflammation","volume":"31","author":"Ricciotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.10.049","article-title":"Mechanisms of damage to the gastrointestinal tract from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"154","author":"Bjarnason","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.075","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors exacerbate NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by inducing dysbiosis","volume":"141","author":"Wallace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01657-8","article-title":"Current knowledge on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small-bowel damage: a comprehensive review","volume":"55","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs310","article-title":"Multiple NSAID-induced hits injure the small intestine: underlying mechanisms and novel strategies","volume":"131","author":"Boelsterli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1391","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signalling","volume":"4","author":"Akira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.125963","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestinal damage is Toll-like receptor 4 dependent","volume":"57","author":"Watanabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12980","article-title":"Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 agonists ameliorate indomethacin-induced murine ileitis by suppressing the TLR 4 signaling","volume":"30","author":"Narimatsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16200","article-title":"Use of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 as therapeutic strategy for prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced intestinal injury","volume":"180","author":"D\u2019Antongiovanni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.89","article-title":"Mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its role in NSAID-induced enteropathy","volume":"9","author":"Higashimori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.03.039","article-title":"High mobility group box 1 promotes small intestinal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"181","author":"Nadatani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107136","article-title":"Protective effect and mechanism of rebamipide on NSAIDs associated small bowel injury","volume":"90","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.172","article-title":"Bacterial flagellin-a potent immunomodulatory agent","volume":"49","author":"Hajam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9247","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502040102","article-title":"Evasion of Toll-like receptor 5 by flagellated bacteria","volume":"102","author":"Andersen-Nissen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"79","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq7001","article-title":"Silent recognition of flagellins from human gut commensal bacteria by toll-like receptor 5","volume":"8","author":"Clasen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"issue":"5873","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154986","article-title":"An agonist of toll-like receptor 5 has radioprotective activity in mouse and primate models","volume":"320","author":"Burdelya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8280","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.12.8280","article-title":"Flagellin treatment protects against chemicals, bacteria, viruses, and radiation","volume":"180","author":"Vijay-Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"6211","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256999","article-title":"Prevention and cure of rotavirus infection via TLR5\/NLRC4\u2013mediated production of IL-22 and IL-18","volume":"346","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.07.004","article-title":"Transient inability to manage proteobacteria promotes chronic gut inflammation in TLR5-deficient mice","volume":"12","author":"Carvalho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0110","first-page":"3909","article-title":"Deletion of TLR5 results in spontaneous colitis in mice","volume":"117","author":"Vijay-Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108327","article-title":"Interactions between NSAIDs, opioids and the gut microbiota-future perspectives in the management of inflammation and pain","volume":"241","author":"Z\u00e1dori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114590","article-title":"A comprehensive time course and correlation analysis of indomethacin-induced inflammation, bile acid alterations and dysbiosis in the rat small intestine","volume":"190","author":"L\u00e1z\u00e1r","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.124114","article-title":"Oral indomethacin modifies small intestine biofilms and host-microbe interaction mediators","volume":"384","author":"Haghighi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33992","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33992","article-title":"Mitigation of indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal damages in fat-1 transgenic mice via gate-keeper action of \u03c9-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01175-7","article-title":"A dual role of lysophosphatidic acid type 2 receptor (LPAR2) in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mouse enteropathy","volume":"45","author":"Hutka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.08973","article-title":"Bidirectional interactions between indomethacin and the murine intestinal microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.1248","article-title":"Flagellin, a novel mediator of Salmonella\u2010induced epithelial activation and systemic inflammation: I\u03baB\u03b1 degradation, induction of nitric oxide synthase, induction of proinflammatory mediators, and cardiovascular dysfunction","volume":"166","author":"Eaves-Pyles","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.2810","article-title":"Humoral immune response to flagellin requires T cells and activation of innate immunity","volume":"177","author":"Sanders","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200302000-00008","article-title":"Flagellin from gram-negative bacteria is a potent mediator of acute pulmonary inflammation in sepsis","volume":"19","author":"Liaudet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)27386-4","article-title":"Studies on the absorption, distribution and excretion of indomethacin in various species","volume":"153","author":"Hucker","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25157","article-title":"Prevalence of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs prescribed for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"75","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2025.105000","article-title":"Celecoxib and naproxen disrupt autophagy and activate EGR1 in kidney tubules","volume":"144","author":"Haghighi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G994","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00066.2015","article-title":"Deciphering the pathogenesis of NSAID enteropathy using proton pump inhibitors and a hydrogen sulfide-releasing NSAID","volume":"308","author":"Blackler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13538-y","article-title":"Flagellin-elicited adaptive immunity suppresses flagellated microbiota and vaccinates against chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"10","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2185031","article-title":"Bacterial flagellin is a dominant, stable innate immune activator in the gastrointestinal contents of mice and rats","volume":"15","author":"Vijay-Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts091","article-title":"Unipro UGENE: a unified bioinformatics toolkit","volume":"28","author":"Okonechnikov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2017.06.1198","article-title":"Westram, 25 years of serving the community with ribosomal RNA gene reference databases and tools","volume":"261","author":"Gl\u00f6ckner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D141","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn879","article-title":"The ribosomal database project: improved alignments and new tools for rRNA analysis","volume":"37","author":"Cole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1970.01340280030009","article-title":"Intestinal mucosal lesion in low-flow states: I. A morphological, hemodynamic, and metabolic reappraisal","volume":"101","author":"Chiu","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0210","first-page":"574","article-title":"The sequence of development of intestinal tissue injury after strangulation ischemia and reperfusion","volume":"107","author":"Park","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.4.1882","article-title":"Cutting edge: bacterial flagellin activates basolaterally expressed TLR5 to induce epithelial proinflammatory gene expression","volume":"167","author":"Gewirtz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13722","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241308598","article-title":"Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells","volume":"98","author":"Sierro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009125","article-title":"The induction of colitis and ileitis in mice is associated with marked increases in intestinal concentrations of stimulants of TLRs 2, 4, and 5","volume":"5","author":"Erridge","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000341630","article-title":"Bacterial stimulation of the TLR-MyD88 pathway modulates the homeostatic expression of ileal Paneth cell \u03b1-defensins","volume":"5","author":"Menendez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"issue":"1\u201031\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.02.010","article-title":"Rebamipide inhibits indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury: possible involvement of intestinal microbiota modulation by upregulation of \u03b1-defensin 5","volume":"704","author":"Tanigawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0240","first-page":"353","article-title":"Role of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury in mice","volume":"27","author":"Fukumoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 19Suppl. 19","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-008-2293-3","article-title":"Involvement of reactive oxygen species in indomethacin-induced apoptosis of small intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"44","author":"Omatsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90509-O","article-title":"Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programed cell death","volume":"74","author":"Oltvai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1468579","article-title":"Celecoxib and rofecoxib have different effects on small intestinal ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"15","author":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01108.x","article-title":"Role of intestinal bacteria in ileal ulcer formation in rats treated with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug","volume":"40","author":"Uejima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.01108.x","article-title":"Gut flora, Toll-like receptors and nuclear receptors: a tripartite communication that tunes innate immunity in large intestine","volume":"10","author":"Lundin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.13.1.132-138.2006","article-title":"Epithelial toll-like receptor 5 is constitutively localized in the mouse cecum and exhibits distinctive down-regulation during experimental colitis","volume":"13","author":"Ortega-Cava","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0275","first-page":"71","article-title":"Decreased Toll-like receptor-5 (TLR-5) expression in the mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients","volume":"60","author":"Stanislawowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33662","article-title":"Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are up-regulated during intestinal inflammation","volume":"122","author":"Hausmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001035","article-title":"Epithelial-specific toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 activation mediates barrier dysfunction in experimental ileitis","volume":"23","author":"Lopetuso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-015-0613-8","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced depletion of murine microbiota induces mild inflammation and changes in toll-like receptor patterns and intestinal motility","volume":"70","author":"Grasa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5805","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.5805","article-title":"Th2 cytokines down-regulate TLR expression and function in human intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"176","author":"Mueller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035918","article-title":"Regulation of Toll-like receptor 5 gene expression and function on mucosal dendritic cells","volume":"7","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313099","article-title":"Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation","volume":"66","author":"Chassaing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.10.009","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity interact to quench microbiome flagellar motility in the gut","volume":"14","author":"Cullender","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40317","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40317","article-title":"Gut microbiota mediates protection against enteropathy induced by indomethacin","volume":"7","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.223891","article-title":"Flagellin administration protects gut mucosal tissue from irradiation-induced apoptosis via MKP-7 activity","volume":"60","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.08.25","article-title":"CBLB502 administration protects gut mucosal tissue in ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.08.083","article-title":"Role of TLR5 in inflammation and tissue damage after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"519","author":"Ito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420295","article-title":"Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease","volume":"113","author":"Lodes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13610","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502174102","article-title":"Pathophysiological role of Toll-like receptor 5 engagement by bacterial flagellin in colonic inflammation","volume":"102","author":"Rhee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.02.056","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 controls mucosal inflammation by regulating epithelial barrier function","volume":"132","author":"Cario","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.10.014","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide causes an increase in intestinal tight junction permeability in vitro and in vivo by inducing enterocyte membrane expression and localization of TLR-4 and CD14","volume":"182","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.104497","article-title":"Exacerbation of murine ileitis by Toll-like receptor 4 mediated sensing of lipopolysaccharide from commensal Escherichia coli","volume":"56","author":"Heimesaat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.07.002","article-title":"Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis","volume":"118","author":"Rakoff-Nahoum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6217","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.12.6217","article-title":"Induction of macrophage nitric oxide production by Gram-negative flagellin involves signaling via heteromeric Toll-like receptor 5\/Toll-like receptor 4 complexes","volume":"170","author":"Mizel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.11.012","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 5 signaling ameliorates liver fibrosis by inducing interferon \u03b2-modulated IL-1 receptor antagonist in mice","volume":"190","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.01.022","article-title":"Exogenous activation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling mitigates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice","volume":"342","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0058-8","article-title":"Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential","volume":"19","author":"Mookherjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20858","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808723105","article-title":"Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host-microbial interface","volume":"105","author":"Vaishnava","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5398","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5398","article-title":"\u03b2-defensin-2 expression is regulated by TLR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"173","author":"Vora","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.07.016","article-title":"A map of toll-like receptor expression in the intestinal epithelium reveals distinct spatial, cell type-specific, and temporal patterns","volume":"49","author":"Price","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04403-8","article-title":"TLR5 agonists enhance anti-tumor immunity and overcome resistance to immune checkpoint therapy","volume":"6","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800560R","article-title":"Sex differences in NSAID-induced perturbation of human intestinal barrier function and microbiota","volume":"32","author":"Edogawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40981","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40981","article-title":"Understanding the dynamics of Toll-like Receptor 5 response to flagellin and its regulation by estradiol","volume":"23","author":"Caballero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320526003413?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0024320526003413?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:20:04Z","timestamp":1783092004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0024320526003413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0024320526003413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toll-like receptor 5 protects against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124532","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124532"}}