{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T15:58:45Z","timestamp":1793289525098,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,23]],"date-time":"2017-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13039\/100000002","name":"US NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21DK100897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21DK100897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T06:53:13Z","timestamp":1514184793000},"page":"221-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Primary sclerosing cholangitis: A review and update"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"James H.","family":"Tabibian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Bowlus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Challenges of cholangiocarcinoma detection in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"1","author":"Tabibian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anal Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.01.020","article-title":"The challenges in primary sclerosing cholangitis\u2013aetiopathogenesis, autoimmunity, management and malignancy","volume":"48","author":"Weism\u00fcller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.01.011","article-title":"Update on primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"42","author":"Karlsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.846402","article-title":"Malignancies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide register study in Finland","volume":"48","author":"Jussila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.12.80","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review and update on therapeutic developments","volume":"7","author":"Tabibian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23294","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"51","author":"Chapman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib7","volume":"vol. 2015","author":"United Network for Organ Sharing","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-933565","article-title":"Liver transplantation in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"26","author":"Bj\u00f8ro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21679","article-title":"A\u00a0re-evaluation of the risk factors for the recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in liver allografts","volume":"15","author":"Alabraba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31754-5","article-title":"De-novo cholangiocarcinoma in native common bile duct remnant following OLT for primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"8","author":"Landaverde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300101","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"30","author":"Angulo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2003.07.011","article-title":"Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community","volume":"125","author":"Bambha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-11-83","article-title":"The prevalence, incidence and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis in an ethnically diverse population","volume":"11","author":"Toy","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22161","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis in genetically diverse populations listed for liver transplantation: unique clinical and human leukocyte antigen associations","volume":"16","author":"Bowlus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.06019.x","article-title":"Prevalence of autoimmune liver disease in Alaska Natives","volume":"97","author":"Hurlburt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01103.x","article-title":"The burden of large and small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis in adults and children: a population-based analysis","volume":"102","author":"Kaplan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.017","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of primary sclerosing cholangitis in the UK: a population-based cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Card","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26565","article-title":"Population-based epidemiology, malignancy risk, and outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"58","author":"Boonstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.08.027","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with poor outcomes of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"9","author":"Ngu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24247","article-title":"Incidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Molodecky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02835.x","article-title":"Clinical profile of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Singapore","volume":"17","author":"Ang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.07.005","article-title":"Geoepidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a critical review","volume":"46","author":"Tanaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202760373434","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: risk factors and clinical presentation","volume":"37","author":"Boberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100406","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: natural history, prognostic factors and survival analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wiesner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.08.013","article-title":"High lifetime risk of cancer in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"50","author":"Claessen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040420","article-title":"Relationship of inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"11","author":"Fausa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22938","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with a distinct phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Boonstra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3974","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis\u2013what is the difference between east and west?","volume":"14","author":"Shorbagi","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90131-6","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features of the syndrome of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"79","author":"Wiesner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.149.1.6412283","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: findings on cholangiography and pancreatography","volume":"149","author":"MacCarty","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200501000-00009","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"11","author":"Talwalkar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(87)91082-1","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis in childhood","volume":"92","author":"el-Shabrawi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib33","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis in 32 children: clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features, with survival analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wilschanski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.4.610","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"38","author":"Broom\u00e9","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12232","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: vancomycin or metronidazole in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis - a pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Tabibian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib36","first-page":"277","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis of the extrahepatic bile ducts","volume":"7","author":"Holubitsky","year":"1964","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07401.x","article-title":"Is there a role for liver biopsy in primary sclerosing cholangitis?","volume":"98","author":"Burak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.006","article-title":"The cholangiopathies: disorders of biliary epithelia","volume":"127","author":"Lazaridis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib39","series-title":"Blumgart's Surgery of the Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Tabibian","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90378-2","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis with normal serum alkaline phosphatase activity","volume":"95","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.10.013","article-title":"Improvement of serum alkaline phosphatase to <1.5 upper limit of normal predicts better outcome and reduced risk of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"58","author":"Al Mamari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.032","article-title":"Association between reduced levels of alkaline phosphatase and survival times of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"11","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.12.008","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase normalization is associated with better prognosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"43","author":"Stanich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27180","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid in primary sclerosing cholangitis: if withdrawal is bad, then administration is good (right?)","volume":"60","author":"Tabibian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib45","first-page":"246","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase normalization is a biomarker of improved survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"15","author":"Hilscher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504063321406","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"332","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280210","article-title":"Frequency and nature of the variant syndromes of autoimmune liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Czaja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22441","article-title":"Utility of serum tumor markers, imaging, and biliary cytology for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"48","author":"Charatcharoenwitthaya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80061-6","article-title":"Serum autoantibodies in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"32","author":"Angulo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.10.870","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review of its clinical features, cholangiography, and hepatic histology","volume":"21","author":"Chapman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.09.015","article-title":"Lower incidence of biliary carcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and high serum levels of immunoglobulin E","volume":"10","author":"Hirano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.01.014","article-title":"Immunoglobulin E level and its significance in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"10","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30869-5","article-title":"Association between serum IgE level and adverse clinical endpoints in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"13","author":"Tabibian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v7.i18.1268","article-title":"Advanced endoscopic imaging of indeterminate biliary strictures","volume":"7","author":"Tabibian","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.161","article-title":"Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"104","author":"Bangarulingam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091953","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of MR cholangiopancreatography","volume":"256","author":"Dave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.2.1790399","article-title":"MR cholangiopancreatography in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: interobserver variability and comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography","volume":"179","author":"Vitellas","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2402050606","article-title":"MR elastography of the liver: preliminary results","volume":"240","author":"Rouvi\u00e8re","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)63652-5","article-title":"Ludwig Symposium on biliary disorders\u2013part II. Pathologic features and evolution of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"73","author":"Scheuer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010612","article-title":"Morphologic features of chronic hepatitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis","volume":"1","author":"Ludwig","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1995.tb00690.x","article-title":"Granulomas in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"15","author":"Ludwig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.008","article-title":"Applicability and prognostic value of histologic scoring systems in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"63","author":"de Vries","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.913189","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis and the microbiota: current knowledge and perspectives on etiopathogenesis and emerging therapies","volume":"49","author":"Tabibian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.10.011","article-title":"The dynamic biliary epithelia: molecules, pathways, and disease","volume":"58","author":"O'Hara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.94","article-title":"Characterization of cultured cholangiocytes isolated from livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"94","author":"Tabibian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27927","article-title":"Absence of the intestinal microbiota exacerbates hepatobiliary disease in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"63","author":"Tabibian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c120019","article-title":"Physiology of cholangiocytes","volume":"3","author":"Tabibian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13009","article-title":"The enteric microbiome in hepatobiliary health and disease","volume":"36","author":"Tabibian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2011.10.009","article-title":"Pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"25","author":"Pollheimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2741\/e490","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: etiopathogenesis and clinical management","volume":"4","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Elite Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389537","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/389537","article-title":"Role of the microbiota and antibiotics in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"2013","author":"Tabibian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-933559","article-title":"Etiopathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"26","author":"O'Mahony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.01.024","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: the gut-liver axis","volume":"10","author":"Tabibian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-933560","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: epidemiology, natural history, and prognosis","volume":"26","author":"Levy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.011","article-title":"Twin study indicates loss of interaction between microbiota and mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"141","author":"Lepage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302578","article-title":"Connecting dysbiosis, bile-acid dysmetabolism and gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"62","author":"Duboc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.1965.14.4.286","article-title":"Effect of long-term tetracycline therapy, steroid therapy and colectomy in pericholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis","volume":"14","author":"Mistilis","year":"1965","journal-title":"Australas Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200601000-00012","article-title":"The role of dominant stenoses in bacterial infections of bile ducts in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"18","author":"Pohl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80316-4","article-title":"Bile duct bacterial isolates in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a study of explanted livers","volume":"28","author":"Olsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80153-1","article-title":"Amplification and sequence analysis of partial bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene in gallbladder bile from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"33","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7447","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7447","article-title":"Multiple TLRs are expressed in human cholangiocytes and mediate host epithelial defense responses to Cryptosporidium parvum via activation of NF-kappaB","volume":"175","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90765-3","article-title":"Role of hepatocytes in direct clearance of lipopolysaccharide in rats","volume":"109","author":"Mimura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1159\/000201480","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharides and beta-glucuronidase activity in choledochal bile in relation to choledocholithiasis","volume":"58","author":"Osnes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80058-5","article-title":"Abnormal accumulation of endotoxin in biliary epithelial cells in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"29","author":"Sasatomi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26993","article-title":"Cholangiocyte senescence via N-Ras activation is a characteristic of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"59","author":"Tabibian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02635.x","article-title":"Enhanced innate immune responsiveness and intolerance to intestinal endotoxins in human biliary epithelial cells contributes to chronic cholangitis","volume":"31","author":"Mueller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130425","article-title":"Biliary tract disease in rats with experimental small bowel bacterial overgrowth","volume":"13","author":"Lichtman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02365447","article-title":"Small duct cholangitis induced by N-formyl L-methionine L-leucine L-tyrosine in rats","volume":"29","author":"Yamada","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31816fee95","article-title":"Long-term treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with oral vancomycin: an immunomodulating antibiotic","volume":"47","author":"Davies","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.14","article-title":"Minocycline in the treatment of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: results of a pilot study","volume":"104","author":"Silveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)64614-4","article-title":"A\u00a0revised natural history model for primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mayo Clini Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e3181b7b8c0","article-title":"Antibiotics for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"18","author":"Elfaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.016","article-title":"Increased risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis in first-degree relatives of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"6","author":"Bergquist","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80085-7","article-title":"Familial occurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis","volume":"85","author":"Quigley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.11.046","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"138","author":"Karlsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.1.38","article-title":"Association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with HLA-B8","volume":"24","author":"Chapman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130119","article-title":"Dual association of HLA DR2 and DR3 with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"13","author":"Donaldson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.00738.x","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with extended HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR6 haplotypes","volume":"69","author":"Wiencke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.24041","article-title":"Mapping MHC-encoded susceptibility and resistance in primary sclerosing cholangitis: the role of MICA polymorphism","volume":"120","author":"Norris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009188","article-title":"A\u00a0human-like senescence-associated secretory phenotype is conserved in mouse cells dependent on physiological oxygen","volume":"5","author":"Copp\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-010-9220-9","article-title":"Senescent cells as a source of inflammatory factors for tumor progression","volume":"29","author":"Davalos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canc Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2011.04.014","article-title":"Will we ever model PSC? - \"it's hard to be a PSC model!\"","volume":"35","author":"Pollheimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.03.031","article-title":"Extended analysis of a genome-wide association study in primary sclerosing cholangitis detects multiple novel risk loci","volume":"57","author":"Folseraas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90380-9","article-title":"Homozygous disruption of the murine mdr2 P-glycoprotein gene leads to a complete absence of phospholipid from bile and to liver disease","volume":"75","author":"Smit","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80020-7","article-title":"The role of bile salt composition in liver pathology of mdr2 (-\/-) mice: differences between males and females","volume":"26","author":"van Nieuwerk","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35948","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid aggravates bile infarcts in bile duct-ligated and Mdr2 knockout mice via disruption of cholangioles","volume":"123","author":"Fickert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.009","article-title":"Regurgitation of bile acids from leaky bile ducts causes sclerosing cholangitis in Mdr2 (Abcb4) knockout mice","volume":"127","author":"Fickert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2013.52","article-title":"Micro-computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for noninvasive, live-mouse cholangiography","volume":"93","author":"Tabibian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91096-O","article-title":"Patients with asymptomatic primary sclerosing cholangitis frequently have progressive disease","volume":"98","author":"Porayko","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90673-9","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic variables in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"100","author":"Farrant","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000333","article-title":"The evolution of natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"33","author":"Takakura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33202","article-title":"Small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"35","author":"Angulo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.042","article-title":"The natural history of small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"134","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50289","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"38","author":"Feldstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91449-E","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: refinement and validation of survival models","volume":"103","author":"Dickson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22172","article-title":"A\u00a0model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Kamath","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8566590","article-title":"Risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"110","author":"Loftus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e3182802893","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a robust yet changing relationship","volume":"19","author":"Sinakos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2003.50143","article-title":"Different immunosuppressive regimens and recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Kugelmas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-933561","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer","volume":"26","author":"Broom\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.11.010","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis and disease distribution in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"O'Toole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709025107","article-title":"Hepatobiliary dysfunction and primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"32","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02258391","article-title":"Differences in colonic disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis with and without primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case control study","volume":"40","author":"Lundqvist","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.125367","article-title":"Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Soetikno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib125","first-page":"1404","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis: evidence for increased neoplastic potential","volume":"22","author":"Broom\u00e9","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8566577","article-title":"Risk and natural history of colonic neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis","volume":"110","author":"Brentnall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709011222","article-title":"Survival and risk of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. A population-based study","volume":"32","author":"Kornfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.037","article-title":"AGA medical position statement on the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"138","author":"Farraye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.02.005","article-title":"ASGE guideline: endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"63","author":"Leighton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00008","article-title":"Ursodiol use is associated with lower prevalence of colonic neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"134","author":"Tung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50156","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid as a chemopreventive agent in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"124","author":"Pardi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80266-2","article-title":"Evidence for an overlap syndrome of autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"24","author":"Gohlke","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80004-5","article-title":"Overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: an evaluation of a modified scoring system","volume":"33","author":"Kaya","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib134","article-title":"Complications, symptoms, quality of life and pregnancy in cholestatic liver disease","author":"Zakharia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01481.x","article-title":"Practice guidelines committee of American association for study of\u2002Liver\u2002Diseases; practice parameters committee of American college of gastroenterology. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"102","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26359","article-title":"Introduction to the revised American association for the study of liver diseases practice guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012","volume":"57","author":"Runyon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24199","article-title":"American association for the study of liver diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update","volume":"53","author":"Bruix","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.150.3.571","article-title":"Gallbladder disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"150","author":"Brandt","year":"1988","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90068-5","article-title":"Diffuse lymphoplasmacytic acalculous cholecystitis: a distinctive form of chronic cholecystitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"29","author":"Jessurun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05677.x","article-title":"In primary sclerosing cholangitis, gallbladder polyps are frequently malignant","volume":"97","author":"Buckles","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3282f5727a","article-title":"Gallbladder polyps in primary sclerosing cholangitis: not so benign","volume":"24","author":"Karlsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.203.2.9114102","article-title":"Bile duct calculi in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"203","author":"Dodd","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib143","series-title":"Cholestatic Liver Disease","article-title":"Endoscopic management of biliary obstruction","author":"Tabibian","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.643482","article-title":"The role of antibiotic prophylaxis in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; a retrospective single-center evaluation","volume":"47","author":"Kager","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e318189fl6d","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics cannot prevent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-induced cholangitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Bai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1005552","article-title":"Endoscopic management of biliary tract strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"28","author":"Wagner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(97)70123-8","article-title":"Lack of complications following short-term stent therapy for extrahepatic bile duct strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"46","author":"van Milligen de Wit","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)70167-0","article-title":"Endoscopic stent therapy for dominant extrahepatic bile duct strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"44","author":"van Milligen de Wit","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-006-0011-y","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis treated by endoscopic biliary dilation: review and long-term follow-up evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(01)70403-8","article-title":"Impact of endoscopic therapy on the survival of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"53","author":"Baluyut","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03690.x","article-title":"Balloon dilation compared to stenting of dominant strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"96","author":"Kaya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00251-3","article-title":"Development of dominant bile duct stenoses in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid: outcome after endoscopic treatment","volume":"36","author":"Stiehl","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.55","article-title":"Duration of inflammatory bowel disease is associated with increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and IBD","volume":"111","author":"Gulamhusein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib154","article-title":"Surveillance for hepatobiliary cancers in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.293085729","article-title":"Varying appearances of cholangiocarcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"29","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-2927-8","article-title":"The value of serum CA 19-9 in predicting cholangiocarcinomas in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"50","author":"Levy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib157","first-page":"305","article-title":"ABO, H, and Lewis blood groups and structurally related antigens","volume":"vol. 15","author":"Brecher","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.04.011","article-title":"Biliary stricture and negative cytology: what next?","volume":"9","author":"Cot\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01776.x","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of advanced molecular markers and imaging techniques in patients with indeterminate bile duct strictures","volume":"103","author":"Levy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2016.1263681","article-title":"Clinical implications of serial versus isolated biliary fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) polysomy in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"52","author":"Quinn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13817","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-based modalities for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"44","author":"Njei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)64839-8","article-title":"Comparison of surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis: ileal pouch-anal anastomosis versus Brooke ileostomy","volume":"71","author":"Kartheuser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27925","article-title":"A\u00a0novel, minimally invasive technique for management of peristomal varices","volume":"63","author":"Tabibian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.2.234","article-title":"Pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis occurs with increased frequency in patients with associated primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"38","author":"Penna","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-010-1223-x","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis and extraintestinal manifestations in patients with ulcerative colitis and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis","volume":"14","author":"Wasmuth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04822.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: ursodeoxycholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"34","author":"Triantos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.009","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases","volume":"51","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27074","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of ursodeoxycholic acid withdrawal in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"60","author":"Wunsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1013","article-title":"Update on pharmacotherapies for cholestatic liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.5273","article-title":"Curcumin in hepatobiliary disease: pharmacotherapeutic properties and emerging potential clinical applications","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198805000-00016","article-title":"Resection of hepatic duct bifurcation and transhepatic stenting for sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"207","author":"Cameron","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v7.i11.1003","article-title":"Endoscopic management of benign biliary strictures","volume":"7","author":"Visrodia","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.09.057","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment with multiple stents for post-liver-transplantation nonanastomotic biliary strictures","volume":"69","author":"Tabibian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2009.10.023","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of postorthotopic liver transplantation anastomotic biliary strictures with maximal stent therapy (with video)","volume":"71","author":"Tabibian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(98)00207-5","article-title":"Treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumors) with hepatic resection or transplantation","volume":"187","author":"Iwatsuki","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199803000-00014","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: resect, dilate, or transplant?","volume":"227","author":"Ahrendt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290427","article-title":"Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation","volume":"29","author":"Graziadei","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11861-7","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis of liver allograft","volume":"360","author":"Vera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0773-9","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after living donor liver transplantation: a single center experience","volume":"54","author":"Egawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01395.x","article-title":"Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after living donor liver transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Tamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21313","article-title":"Clinically recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation: a time course","volume":"14","author":"Campsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21260","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Cholongitas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21394","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Alexander","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1053\/lv.2000.6143","article-title":"Prolonged disease-free survival after orthotopic liver transplantation plus adjuvant chemoirradiation for cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"6","author":"De Vreede","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000179678.13285.fa","article-title":"Liver transplantation with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is more effective than resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"242","author":"Rea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.04.008","article-title":"Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation, followed by liver transplantation, for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma at 12 US centers","volume":"143","author":"Darwish Murad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199705000-00004","article-title":"Orthotopic liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. A 12-year single center experience","volume":"225","author":"Goss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Liver Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2542568417000502?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2542568417000502?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T05:49:59Z","timestamp":1660196999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2542568417000502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":187,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2542568417000502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2542-5684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2542-5684","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: A review and update","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Liver Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livres.2017.12.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Publishing Services by Elsevier B. V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}