{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T18:15:34Z","timestamp":1759342534925},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["La Presse M\u00e9dicale"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,11]],"date-time":"2009-03-11T20:08:12Z","timestamp":1236802092000},"page":"303-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Infections au cours des polymyosites et des dermatomyosites"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Marie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis I","volume":"292","author":"Bohan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502202920807","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis II","volume":"292","author":"Bohan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05157-0","article-title":"Dermatomyositis","volume":"355","author":"Callen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2005.02.002","article-title":"Les nouveaux crit\u00e8res diagnostiques et d\u2019\u00e9valuation des polymyosites et dermatomyosites","volume":"26","author":"Ch\u00e9rin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000109755.65914.5e","article-title":"Long-term survival of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies according to clinical features: a longitudinal study of 162 cases","volume":"83","author":"Danko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70263-4","article-title":"Dermatomyositis","volume":"39","author":"Kovacs","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0755-4982(06)74663-2","article-title":"Atteinte pulmonaire au cours des polymyosites et des dermatomyosites. La pneumopathie interstitielle","volume":"359","author":"Marie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10794","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"47","author":"Marie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthrits Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib9","first-page":"2230","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis: short term and longterm outcome, and predictive factors","volume":"28","author":"Marie","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib10","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Pulmonary involvement in polymyositis and in dermatomyositis","volume":"25","author":"Marie","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199905000-00001","article-title":"Influence of age on characteristics of polymyositis and dermatomyositis in adults","volume":"78","author":"Marie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib12","first-page":"2706","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulins as treatment of life threatening esophageal involvement in polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"26","author":"Marie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg085","article-title":"Lack of evidence for a direct involvement for muscle infection by parvovirus B19 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies: a follow-up study","volume":"42","author":"Chevrel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.9.1037","article-title":"Dermatomyositis associated with the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA in muscle","volume":"39","author":"Chevrel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780341108","article-title":"Distinct seasonal patterns in the onset of adult inflammatory myopathy in patients with anti Jo-1 and anti-Signal recognition particle autoantibodies","volume":"34","author":"Leff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11002","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus-associated polymyositis: a longitudinal study outcome","volume":"49","author":"Johnson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(02)00100-X","article-title":"Infections in systemic connective tissue diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and polymyositis\/dermatomyositis","volume":"29","author":"Juarez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib18","first-page":"346","article-title":"Duration of virus persistence and ist relationship to inflammation during chronic phase of Coxsakie virus B1-induced murine polymyositis","volume":"123","author":"Tam","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200303000-00002","article-title":"Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts in patients with dermatomyositis. Clinical correlations and changes following therapy","volume":"82","author":"Viguier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930600622348","article-title":"Polymyositis-dermatomyositis and infections","volume":"39","author":"Zampieri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1126\/science.158.3807.1453","article-title":"Myxovirus like structures in a case of human chronic polymyositis","volume":"158","author":"Chou","year":"1967","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92271-9","article-title":"Dermatomyositis, polymyositis and coxsackie-B-virus infection","volume":"1","author":"Bowles","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90244-5","article-title":"Search for persistent enterovirus infection of muscle in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"125","author":"Fox","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.8.575","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis: no persistence of enteroviruses or encephalomyocarditis virus RNA in muscle","volume":"52","author":"Jongen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib25","first-page":"934","article-title":"La dermatomyosite et la polymyosite","volume":"158","author":"Pellissier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.5.310","article-title":"Detection of enterovirus specific DANN seqeunces in muscle biopsy specimens from patients with adult onset of myositis","volume":"49","author":"Youself","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780300509","article-title":"Viral and host genetic factors influence encephalomyocarditis virus-induced polymyositis in adult mice","volume":"30","author":"Miller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270411","article-title":"A murine model of polymyositis induced by coxsakie virus B1 (Tucson strain)","volume":"27","author":"Strongwater","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91793-5","article-title":"HTLV-1 and polymyositis in Jamaica","volume":"2","author":"Morgan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780291109","article-title":"Prevalence of coxsackie-B virus antibodies in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"29","author":"Christensen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2006.09.007","article-title":"Infections in systemic connective tissue diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and polymyositis\/dermatomyositis","volume":"20","author":"Alarcon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"Suppl. 10","key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib32","first-page":"S35","article-title":"Infection and molecular mimicry in autoimmune disease of childhood","volume":"12","author":"Albani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930410001713098","article-title":"Molecular mimicry to Borrelia burgdorferi: pathway to autoimmunity?","volume":"37","author":"Bolz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91134-T","article-title":"Viruses in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: absence of candidate viral genomes in muscle","volume":"339","author":"Leff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1159\/000110192","article-title":"Evidence for seasonal variation in polymyositis","volume":"8","author":"Manta","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21083","article-title":"Opportunistic infections in polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"53","author":"Marie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib37","first-page":"605","article-title":"Myositis autoantibodies inhibits histydil-tRNA synthetase. A model for autoimmunity","volume":"2","author":"Mathews","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150200036","article-title":"Seasonal occurrence of relapses in inflammatory myopathies: a preliminary study","volume":"249","author":"Phillips","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90740-7","article-title":"Autoantibodies are anti-idiotype antibodies to viral antibodies","volume":"2","author":"Plots","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1086\/344315","article-title":"Molecular analysis of T cell clonotypes in muscle-infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with human T lymphotropic virus type 1 polymyositis","volume":"186","author":"Saito","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199707000-00006","article-title":"Musculoskeletal infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"76","author":"Vassilopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92429-3","article-title":"Polymyositis and molecular mimicry, a mechanism of autoimmunity","volume":"13","author":"Walker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10566","article-title":"Self epitopes shared between human skeletal myosine and Streptococcus pyogenes M5 protein are targets of immune responses in active juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"46","author":"Massa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21068","article-title":"History of infection before the onset of juvenile dermatomyositis: results from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Research Registry","volume":"53","author":"Pachman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.5.627","article-title":"Outcome of patients with systemic rheumatic disease admitted to medical intensive care units","volume":"51","author":"Godeau","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05341.x","article-title":"Lymphocyte activation markers in idiopathic myositis: changes with disease activity and differences among clinical and autoantibody subgroups","volume":"81","author":"Miller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.6.3521","article-title":"Severe perturbations of the blood T cell repertoire in polymyositis, but not in dermatomyositis patients","volume":"167","author":"Benveniste","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib48","first-page":"1186","article-title":"Risk factors for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with polymyositis\/dermatomyositis or systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"23","author":"Kadoya","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70111-8","article-title":"Thoracic manifestations of the systemic autoimmune diseases. The lung in polymyositis","volume":"19","author":"Schwarz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.6.954","article-title":"Risk of infectious complications in patients taking glucocorticosteroids","volume":"11","author":"Stuck","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/107999001750133159","article-title":"Dexamethasone promotes type 2 cytokine production primarily through inhibition of type 1 cytokines","volume":"21","author":"Agarwal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(86)90020-X","article-title":"Cytotoxic drugs: their clinical application to the rheumatic diseases","volume":"15","author":"Clements","year":"1986","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib53","first-page":"15","article-title":"Maladies syst\u00e9miques trait\u00e9es par cortico\u00efdes, \u00e9changes plasmatiques et cyclophosphamide\u00a0: complications infectieuses et lymphop\u00e9nie","volume":"144","author":"Ginsburg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000208416.32471.c0","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in dermatomyositis: is it safe?","volume":"66","author":"Rowin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420130119015","article-title":"Rifampicin-induced nonresponsiveness of giant cell arteritis to prednisone treatment","volume":"154","author":"Carrie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib56","first-page":"19","article-title":"Pharmacocin\u00e9tique des cortico\u00efdes","volume":"145","author":"Chosidow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib57","first-page":"335","article-title":"Analyse critique des interactions m\u00e9dicamenteuses de la ciclosporine","volume":"47","author":"Billaud","year":"1992","journal-title":"Th\u00e9rapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.54.295","article-title":"Comparison of clinical course of polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a follow-up in Tokushima University Hospital","volume":"54","author":"Tani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s001150050478","article-title":"Juvenile dermatomyositis \u2013 akutes rezidiv oder sepsis?","volume":"70","author":"Bahner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.3.378","article-title":"Staphylococcal infections in childhood dermatomyositis-association with the development of calcinosis, raised IgE concentrations and granulocyte chemotactic defect","volume":"51","author":"Moore","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e528","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1518","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus panniculitis complicating juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"119","author":"Spalding","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib62","first-page":"279","article-title":"Lithiasis and bilateral necrosis of the ureters occurring during dermatomyositis. A definite entity or a coincidence?","volume":"59","author":"Bl\u00e9ry","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Radiol Electrol Med Nucl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382006000500013","article-title":"Ureteral calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis. Successful precocious surgical management","volume":"32","author":"Duarte","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000473325","article-title":"Bilateral ureteral necrosis in a child with dermatomyositis","volume":"6","author":"Le Guillou","year":"1980","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8966(91)90125-C","article-title":"Streptococcal myositis as a complication of juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"1","author":"Casademont","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib66","first-page":"243","article-title":"Staphylococcal pyomyositis with idiopathic dermatomyositis","volume":"82","author":"Gelfand","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Tenn Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib67","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Streptococcus pyomyositis occurring in a patient with dermatomyositis in a country with temperate climate","volume":"19","author":"Soriano","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0152","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection complicating immunosuppressive therapy for dermatomyositis","volume":"86","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib69","first-page":"9","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a corticosteroid-treated rheumatic disease patient population","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib70","first-page":"289","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. A case-series","volume":"17","author":"Hernandez-Cruz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880170705","article-title":"Tuberculous infection of skeletal muscle in a case of dermatomyositis","volume":"17","author":"Davidson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/03009749950155391","article-title":"Tuberculosis of skeletal muscle in a case of polymyositis","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0799-3","article-title":"Tuberculous myofasciitis in dermatomyositis","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-63","article-title":"First documented cure of a suggestive exogenous reinfection in polymyositis with same but multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis","volume":"4","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410015222","article-title":"Reactivation of tuberculosis during immunosuppressive treatment in a patient with a positive QuantiFERON-RD1 test","volume":"36","author":"Ravn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib76","first-page":"123","article-title":"Dermatomyositis with tuberculous fasciitis","volume":"14","author":"Yoshida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.6.1012","article-title":"Effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the clinical presentation and outcome of tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"Skogberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib78","first-page":"633","article-title":"Atteinte sous-cutan\u00e9e extensive \u00e0 Mycobacterium kansasii au cours d\u2019une dermatomyosite","volume":"141","author":"Algayres","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03931.x","article-title":"Mycobacterium chenolae infection resistant to clarithromycin in a patient with dermatomyositis","volume":"143","author":"Banuls","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1086\/517632","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium complex infection associated with bifocal synovitis in a patient with dermatomyositis","volume":"26","author":"Barcat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.11.1207","article-title":"Mycobacterium marinum infection causing septic arthritis and osteomyelitis","volume":"36","author":"Barton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02528.x","article-title":"Deep cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex in an immunosuppressed patient with dermatomyositis","volume":"139","author":"Bedlow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib83","first-page":"515","article-title":"Disseminated cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium chelonae mimicking panniculitis in a patient with dermatomyositis","volume":"11","author":"Leung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh700","article-title":"Fatal Mycobacterium peregrinum pneumonia in refractory polymyositis treated with infliximab","volume":"44","author":"Marie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2326-5205.1989.tb00029.x","article-title":"Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a patient with polymyositis","volume":"32","author":"Nunez","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050050557","article-title":"Generalized Mycobacterium-intracellulare infection due to immunosuppressive therapy of paraneoplastic dermatomyositis","volume":"48","author":"Schaller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1086\/517097","article-title":"Pyomyositis due tom Mycobacterium haemophilum in a patient with polymyositis and long-term steroid use","volume":"26","author":"Shih","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib88","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Mycobacterium xenopi arthritis","volume":"25","author":"Yuen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib89","first-page":"582","article-title":"Localized subcutaneous Nocardia farcinica abscess in a woman with overlap syndrome between systemic scleroderma and polymyositis","volume":"150","author":"Auzary","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib90","first-page":"641","article-title":"Hospital acquired pulmonary nocardiosis complicating polymyositis","volume":"43","author":"Gupta","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib91","first-page":"492","article-title":"Pneumonia caused by Nocardia nova","volume":"39","author":"Ikeue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib92","first-page":"1243","article-title":"Disseminated Nocardia brasiliensis infection: an unusual complication of immunosuppressive treatment for childhood dermatomyositis","volume":"18","author":"Klein-Gitelman","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540510037948","article-title":"Primary cutaneous nocardiosis in 2 patients on immunosuppressants","volume":"37","author":"Kofteridis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib94","first-page":"215","article-title":"Nocardia pleural empyema complicating anti-Jo1 positive polymyositis during immunoglobulin and steroid therapy","volume":"28","author":"La Civita","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib95","first-page":"850","article-title":"Pulmonary nocardial infection and Pseudomonas infection of the tongue in a patient with dermatomyositis","volume":"49","author":"Shah","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.66.777.582-b","article-title":"Silent nocardia cerebral abscesses in treated dermatomyositis","volume":"66","author":"Savage","year":"1990","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2005.11.014","article-title":"Helicobacter heilmanii in polymyositis","volume":"13","author":"Marie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1086\/339548","article-title":"Opportunistic infections in patients with and patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Sepkowitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib99","first-page":"246","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the course of connective tissue disease: report of 34 cases","volume":"21","author":"Godeau","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000221794.24431.36","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue disease","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib101","first-page":"76","article-title":"Pneumocystosis in dermatopolymyositis treated with low-dose methotrexate","volume":"58","author":"Taillan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<780::AID-ANR23>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases","volume":"42","author":"Ward","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4065\/71.1.5","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy","volume":"71","author":"Yale","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0441-9","article-title":"Infection-related morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Falagas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(05)81181-6","article-title":"Le risque de pneumocystose nosocomiale chez les immunod\u00e9prim\u00e9s non infect\u00e9s par le virus de l\u2019immunod\u00e9ficience humaine","volume":"15","author":"Mounib","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430220094010","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without AIDS, 1980 through 1993: an analysis of 78 cases","volume":"155","author":"Arend","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430110015002","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: more patients, same risk","volume":"155","author":"Sepkowitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-5-663","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a comparison between patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients with other immunodeficiencies","volume":"100","author":"Kovacs","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1995.tb00021.x","article-title":"Peracute disseminated fatal Aspergillus fumigatus sepsis as a complication of corticoid-treated systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"38","author":"Nenoff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199805000-00004","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis: clinical features of 35 proven cases at a single institution","volume":"77","author":"Kaiser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70107-9","article-title":"A case of lymphocytic pneumonitis, myositis, and arthritis associated with exposure to Aspergillus niger","volume":"95","author":"Lonneux","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1995.tb00478.x","article-title":"Mucocutaneous candidiasis in patients with skin diseases","volume":"1","author":"Henseler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib113","first-page":"135","article-title":"Cryptococcus laurentii lung abscess","volume":"123","author":"Lynch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6182.100-a","article-title":"Successful treatment of systemic cryptococcosis with miconazole","volume":"2","author":"Morgans","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70335-4","article-title":"Scedosporium apiospermum skin infection: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5414\/NPP26021","article-title":"Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana and Fonsecaea monophora: report of three cases","volume":"26","author":"Takei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180509","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as myositis and fasciitis in a patient with dermatomyositis","volume":"18","author":"Voloshin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.64.1394","article-title":"Herpes zoster in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"64","author":"Nagaoka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-005-0062-8","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus-induced interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with dermatomyositis","volume":"25","author":"Kasifoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0239-9","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with dermatomyositis","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/003655400750045367","article-title":"Polymyositis associated with primary cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"32","author":"Maeda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.55.199","article-title":"Successful treatment with regimen of intravenous gammaglobulin and cyclophosphamide for dermatomyositis accompanied by interstitial pneumonia, opportunistic infection and steroid psychosis","volume":"55","author":"Murota","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergology Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib123","first-page":"1975","article-title":"An autopsy case of dermatomyositis associated with interstitial pneumonia probably due to cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"30","author":"Nishi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(00)89230-9","article-title":"Association entre polymyosite et infection par le virus de l\u2019h\u00e9patite C. Les difficult\u00e9s du traitement","volume":"21","author":"Alric","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib125","first-page":"302","article-title":"Porphyria cutanea tarda, dermatomyositis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in virus C infection","volume":"13","author":"Bauza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92016-1","article-title":"Symptomatic myopathy in hepatitis C infection without interferon therapy","volume":"345","author":"Horsmans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.10.839a","article-title":"Polymyositis, cranial neuropathy, autoimmune hepatitis, and hepatitis C","volume":"59","author":"Marie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(97)80005-4","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection and autoimmunity","volume":"26","author":"McMurray","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.64.617","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in a patient with dermatomyositis and left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"64","author":"Nakamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib130","first-page":"1584","article-title":"Dermatomyositis following infection with hepatitis C virus","volume":"21","author":"Nishikai","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92211-3","article-title":"Hepatitis C infection and polymyositis","volume":"346","author":"Ueno","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380324","article-title":"Polymyositis, pulmonary fibrosis, and hepatitis C","volume":"38","author":"Weidensaul","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08058.x","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B reactivation: a word of caution regarding the use of systemic glucocorticosteroid therapy","volume":"157","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199307000-00004","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"72","author":"Martin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib135","first-page":"1101","article-title":"The changing pattern of post transplant malignancies","volume":"23","author":"Penn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib136","first-page":"326","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma in rheumatic diseases","volume":"32","author":"Louthrenoo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199903150-00002","article-title":"Hydrocortisone activation of human herpes virus-8 viral DNA replication and gene expression in vitro","volume":"67","author":"Hudnall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2006.02.009","article-title":"Leishmaniose cutan\u00e9e au cours d\u2019une polymyosite","volume":"27","author":"Marie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib139","first-page":"331","article-title":"Pneumocystose pulmonaire\u00a0: un risque infectieux opportuniste associ\u00e9 aux maladies syst\u00e9miques et \u00e0 leur traitement","volume":"25","author":"Jarrousse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021_bib140","first-page":"370","article-title":"Maladies syst\u00e9miques et infections\u00a0: questions actuelles","volume":"25","author":"Lortholary","year":"1996","journal-title":"Presse Med"}],"container-title":["La Presse M\u00e9dicale"],"original-title":[],"language":"fr","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0755498208006623?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0755498208006623?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T11:00:25Z","timestamp":1684926025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0755498208006623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0755498208006623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0755-4982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0755-4982","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}}}