{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:13:02Z","timestamp":1790298782798,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763769600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":294,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"NASA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX16AP89G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX16AP89G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences in Space Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T16:29:09Z","timestamp":1731774549000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Thoracolumbar spine muscle size and composition changes in long-duration space missions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Poveda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4620-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6465-3153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Madrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karan","family":"Devane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Lenchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Tooze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4383-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley A.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.08.261","article-title":"From the international space station to the clinic: how prolonged unloading may disrupt lumbar spine stability","volume":"18","author":"Bailey","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Spine Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.07.021","article-title":"Biomechanical changes in the lumbar spine following spaceflight and factors associated with postspaceflight disc herniation","volume":"22","author":"Bailey","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Spine Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0003","first-page":"717","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the factors affecting exercise-induced changes in body mass, fat mass and fat-free mass in males and females","volume":"15","author":"Ballor","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0004","unstructured":"C.N. Burkhart. \"Advanced Resistive Exercise Device.\" https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=973 (accessed 05\/24\/2022, 2022)."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002959","article-title":"Negative Effects of Long-duration Spaceflight on Paraspinal Muscle Morphology","volume":"44","author":"Burkhart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001873","article-title":"Lumbar Spine Paraspinal Muscle and Intervertebral Disc Height Changes in Astronauts After Long-Duration Spaceflight on the International Space Station","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001873","article-title":"Lumbar spine paraspinal muscle and intervertebral disc height changes in astronauts after long-duration spaceflight on the international space station","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.1.6089263","article-title":"Simple proton spectroscopic imaging","volume":"153","author":"Dixon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110380","article-title":"Quantitative Paraspinal Muscle Measurements: inter-Software Reliability and Agreement Using OsiriX and ImageJ","volume":"92","author":"Fortin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5228-y","article-title":"Association between paraspinal muscle morphology, clinical symptoms and functional status in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"26","author":"Fortin","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4503-7","article-title":"Paraspinal muscle asymmetry and fat infiltration in patients with symptomatic disc herniation","volume":"25","author":"Fortin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20120457","article-title":"Multifidus and Paraspinal Muscle Group Cross-Sectional Areas of Patients With Low Back Pain and Control Patients: a Systematic Review With a Focus on Blinding","volume":"93","author":"Fortin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000179","article-title":"Paraspinal muscle morphology and composition: a 15-yr longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"46","author":"Fortin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-022-02968-3","article-title":"Change in Lumbar Muscle Size and Composition on MRI with Long-Duration Spaceflight","volume":"50","author":"Greene","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02745-8","article-title":"Trunk Skeletal Muscle Changes on CT with Long-Duration Spaceflight","volume":"49","author":"Greene","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.09.006","article-title":"The effects of exposure to microgravity and reconditioning of the lumbar multifidus and anterolateral abdominal muscles: implications for people with LBP","volume":"21","author":"Hides","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2551-y","article-title":"Cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscles and its association with muscle strength among fighter pilots: a 5-year follow-up","volume":"20","author":"Honkanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC. Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1952-x","article-title":"Effects of age and inactivity due to prolonged bed rest on atrophy of trunk muscles","volume":"112","author":"Ikezoe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2427.2010","article-title":"Risk of herniated nucleus pulposus among U.S. astronauts","volume":"81","author":"Johnston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.14.4.428","article-title":"Quantitative Intramuscular Myoelectric Activity of Lumbar Portions of Psoas and the Abdominal Wall during Cycling","volume":"14","author":"Juker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104150-00014","article-title":"Active therapy for chronic low back pain: part 2. Effects on paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area, fiber type size, and distribution","volume":"26","author":"Kaser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.6.2158","article-title":"Muscle volume, MRI relaxation times (T2), and body composition after spaceflight","volume":"89","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2019.0086","article-title":"Applications of the Dixon technique in the evaluation of the musculoskeletal system","volume":"54","author":"Lins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Bras."},{"issue":"627","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0024","article-title":"Lumbopelvic Muscle Changes Following Long-Duration Spaceflight","volume":"10","author":"McNamara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i9.727","article-title":"Volume and fat infiltration of spino-pelvic musculature in adults with spinal deformity","volume":"6","author":"Moal","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2016.02.002","article-title":"Psoas Muscle Cross-sectional Area as a Measure of Whole-body Lean Muscle Mass in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients","volume":"26","author":"Morrell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Renal Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0027","unstructured":"NASA. \"Space Station 20th: long-duration Missions.\" https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/space-station-20th-long-duration-missions (accessed 05\/24\/2022, 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0028","unstructured":"NASA. \"Moon to Mars Overview.\" https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/topics\/moon-to-mars\/overview (accessed 05\/24\/2022, 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0029","unstructured":"NASA. \"HARDWARE INFORMATION: T2 Treadmill.\" https:\/\/lsda.jsc.nasa.gov\/Hardware\/hardw\/1214 (accessed 05\/24\/2022, 2022)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1171","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1171","article-title":"Paraspinal muscle pathophysiology associated with low back pain and spine degenerative disorders","volume":"4","author":"Noonan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JOR. Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1103","article-title":"Quantitative identification and segmentation repeatability of thoracic spinal muscle morphology","volume":"3","author":"Pai S","year":"2020","journal-title":"JOR. Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1139","article-title":"Preliminary investigation of spinal level and postural effects on thoracic muscle morphology with upright open <scp>MRI<\/scp>","volume":"4","author":"Pai S","year":"2021","journal-title":"JOR. Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00001","article-title":"The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement","volume":"5","author":"Panjabi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003812","article-title":"Back Pain in Outer Space","volume":"135","author":"Penchev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24255","article-title":"Muscle-fat MRI: 1.5 tesla and 3.0 tesla versus histology","volume":"50","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990.4","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.29.1_supplement.990.4","article-title":"Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Atrophy during Long Duration Spaceflight","volume":"29","author":"Snyder","year":"2015","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"1053","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140546","article-title":"MRI assessment of paraspinal muscles in patients with acute and chronic unilateral low back pain","volume":"88","author":"Wan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01311","article-title":"Architectural analysis and intraoperative measurements demonstrate the unique design of the multifidus muscle for lumbar spine stability","volume":"91","author":"Ward","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000050","article-title":"The effects of a free-weight-based resistance training intervention on pain, squat biomechanics and MRI-defined lumbar fat infiltration and functional cross-sectional area in those with chronic low back","volume":"1","author":"Welch","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open. Sport Exerc. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01465-2","article-title":"The Influence of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy Responses: a Review","volume":"51","author":"Wilk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med."}],"container-title":["Life Sciences in Space Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214552424001123?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214552424001123?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T23:15:34Z","timestamp":1737760534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214552424001123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2214552424001123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-5524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-5524","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thoracolumbar spine muscle size and composition changes in long-duration space missions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences in Space Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lssr.2024.11.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}