{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:26:57Z","timestamp":1790375217293,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life Sciences in Space Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T20:06:37Z","timestamp":1742069197000},"page":"151-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Molecular and biomechanical changes of the cornea and lens in spaceflight"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1706-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Panzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Memon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4860-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1241-736X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritu","family":"Sampige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Waisberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cihan M","family":"Kadipasaoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5468-7405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Berdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ch\u00e9vez-Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.11.008","article-title":"Fundamental biological features of spaceflight: advancing the field to enable deep-space exploration","volume":"184","author":"Afshinnekoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007097511914","article-title":"Expression of PDGF-beta receptor, EGF receptor, and receptor adaptor protein Shc in rat osteoblasts during spaceflight","volume":"202","author":"Akiyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0079","first-page":"323","article-title":"Hsp70 in bovine lenses during temperature stress","volume":"9","author":"Banh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00140-5","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"45","author":"Beatty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4256","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084256","article-title":"The role of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors on ocular diseases: focusing on potential mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Caban","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0080","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conditioned media from microvascular endothelial cells cultured in simulated microgravity inhibit osteoblast activity","volume":"2014","author":"Cazzaniga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3390\/life4030491","article-title":"Space radiation: the number one risk to astronaut health beyond low earth orbit","volume":"4","author":"Chancellor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn171","article-title":"Risk of cataract after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation: a 20-year prospective cohort study among US radiologic technologists","volume":"168","author":"Chodick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1580.1","article-title":"NASA study of cataract in astronauts (NASCA). Report 1: cross-sectional study of the relationship of exposure to space radiation and risk of lens opacity","volume":"172","author":"Chylack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2307\/3628015","article-title":"Eye development and the appearance and maintenance of corneal transparency","volume":"95","author":"Conrad","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000452520","article-title":"Reduced Expression of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix genes in human adult retinal pigment epithelium cells exposed to simulated microgravity","volume":"40","author":"Corydon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70695-7","article-title":"Cancer risk from exposure to galactic cosmic rays: implications for space exploration by human beings","volume":"7","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0003","article-title":"Radiation Risk Acceptability and Limitations","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Space Radiation Program Element"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2001)156[0460:SRACIA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Space radiation and cataracts in astronauts","volume":"156","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.002","article-title":"Comprehensive multi-omics analysis reveals mitochondrial stress as a central biological hub for spaceflight impact","volume":"183","author":"da Silveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01337.2009","article-title":"Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction","volume":"108","author":"Dean","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"5907","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/302415a0","article-title":"Short-range order of crystallin proteins accounts for eye lens transparency","volume":"302","author":"Delaye","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.12.037","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the cornea","volume":"37","author":"DelMonte","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.12.037","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the cornea","volume":"37","author":"DelMonte","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1159\/000064111","article-title":"Vasopressin, hypercalciuria and aquaporin\u2013the key elements for impaired renal water handling in astronauts?","volume":"92","author":"Drummer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214585","article-title":"Influence of diet, dietary products and vitamins on age-related cataract incidence: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Falkowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2008.00438.x","article-title":"DiPietro LA. Microgravity and the implications for wound healing","volume":"5","author":"Farahani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000178743.06340.2c","article-title":"How the cornea heals: cornea-specific repair mechanisms affecting surgical outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Fini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2016.09.001","article-title":"Individual response to ionizing radiation","volume":"770","author":"Foray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mutat. Res.\/Rev. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0089","article-title":"The Effects of Lunar Dust on EVA Systems During the Apollo Missions","author":"Gaier","year":"2007","journal-title":"NASA"},{"issue":"6436","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau8650","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau8650","article-title":"The NASA twins study: a multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight","volume":"364","author":"Garrett-Bakelman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0087","unstructured":"Gibson, Charles Robert; Duncan, James. Background: Preflight Screening, In-flight Capabilities, and Postflight Testing. In:; 2009."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040959","article-title":"Oxidative stress and space biology: an organ-based approach","volume":"19","author":"Goodwin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.20-0084","article-title":"The effects of microgravity on differentiation and cell growth in stem cells and cancer stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Grimm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem. Cells Trans. Med."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2020.08.011","article-title":"The aggregation of \u03b1B-crystallin under crowding conditions is prevented by \u03b1A-crystallin: implications for \u03b1-crystallin stability and lens transparency","volume":"432","author":"Grosas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-020-01272-6","article-title":"Eye changes in space: New insights into clinical aspects, pathogenesis, and prevention","volume":"118","author":"H\u00e4ndel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.04.006","article-title":"Overview of the Lens","volume":"134","author":"Hejtmancik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0082","series-title":"Zinc Metalloproteases In Health And Disease","author":"Hooper","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.157","article-title":"Heart in space: effect of the extraterrestrial environment on the cardiovascular system","volume":"15","author":"Hughson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.60.1.37","article-title":"Effects of spaceflight on rat peripheral blood leukocytes and bone marrow progenitor cells","volume":"60","author":"Ichiki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0010","first-page":"623","article-title":"A family of lens fiber cell specific proteins","volume":"6","author":"Ireland","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lens Eye Toxic. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(98)00021-4","article-title":"Corneal stromal wound healing in refractive surgery: the role of myofibroblasts","volume":"18","author":"Jester","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2004.08.025","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases are down-regulated in rat lenses exposed to oxidative stress","volume":"79","author":"John","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0047","article-title":"Understanding Cataract Risk in Aerospace Flight Crew And Review of Mechanisms of Cataract Formation","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"NASA"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0046","first-page":"A56","article-title":"Cataract formation mechanisms and risk in aviation and space crews","volume":"78","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03479-x","article-title":"Targets for protection and mitigation of radiation injury","volume":"77","author":"Khodamoradi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.03.013","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9\u2013null mice are resistant to TGF-\u03b2\u2013induced anterior subcapsular cataract formation","volume":"184","author":"Korol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101011","article-title":"Regenerative therapy for the Cornea","volume":"87","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.04.005","article-title":"Aquaporin 5 promotes corneal wound healing","volume":"172","author":"Kumari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000910","article-title":"Advances in drug therapy and delivery for cataract treatment","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4423","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0816","article-title":"Aquaporin-dependent water permeation at the mouse ocular surface: in vivo microfluorimetric measurements in cornea and conjunctiva","volume":"45","author":"Levin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0062","first-page":"727","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor receptor in the lacrimal gland, tears, and cornea","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6877","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12709","article-title":"Morphologic characteristics and proliferation of rabbit corneal stromal cells onto complexes of collagen\u2013chitosan\u2013sodium hyaluronate under simulated microgravity","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(99)00123-X","article-title":"Multiple interleukin-2 signaling pathways differentially regulated by microgravity","volume":"44","author":"Licato","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"issue":"10094","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30544-5","article-title":"Cataracts","volume":"390","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1277","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products increase retinal vascular endothelial growth factor expression","volume":"101","author":"Lu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175299","article-title":"Recent progress and research trend of anti-cataract pharmacology therapy: a bibliometric analysis and literature review","volume":"934","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4986.2018","article-title":"Intraocular lens use in an astronaut during long duration spaceflight","volume":"89","author":"Mader","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aerosp. Med. Hum. Perform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.149386","article-title":"Palmitoyl ascorbic acid glucoside enhanced cell survival with post irradiation treatment","volume":"694","author":"Maeda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7362","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087362","article-title":"Evidence of spaceflight-induced adverse effects on photoreceptors and retinal function in the mouse eye","volume":"24","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.3.843","article-title":"Altered gravity downregulates aquaporin-1 protein expression in choroid plexus","volume":"88","author":"Masseguin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0088","article-title":"1 Pre- and Postflight Physical Exam for Long Duration Crews","year":"2021","journal-title":"NASA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3748","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073748","article-title":"Aquaporins in the Cornea","volume":"25","author":"Melnyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.006","article-title":"Cataract in the adult eye preferred practice pattern\u00ae","volume":"129","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0007","first-page":"527","article-title":"Physiology of the cornea","volume":"8","author":"Mishima","year":"1968","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol. Clin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303816","article-title":"Protection of corneal epithelial stem cells prevents ultraviolet A damage during corneal collagen cross-linking treatment for keratoconus","volume":"98","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.720091","article-title":"Effect of microgravity on endothelial cell function, angiogenesis, and vessel remodeling during wound healing","volume":"9","author":"Morbidelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.66.1.64-93.2002","article-title":"Alpha-crystallin-type heat shock proteins: socializing minichaperones in the context of a multichaperone network","volume":"66","author":"Narberhaus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-322892","article-title":"Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: proposed pathogenesis, terrestrial analogues, and emerging countermeasures","volume":"107","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108434","article-title":"DNA damage baseline predicts resilience to space radiation and radiotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Pariset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102537","article-title":"Insights into the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms mediating the longevity of the transparent optics of the eye lens","volume":"298","author":"Quinlan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-2574(08)60139-2","article-title":"Effects of gravity on the cellular response to epidermal growth factor","volume":"4","author":"Rijken","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Space Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-2574(08)60139-2","article-title":"Effects of gravity on the cellular response to epidermal growth factor","volume":"4","author":"Rijken","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Space Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0004","series-title":"Human Research Program, Human Health Countermeasures Element","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/09553000410001692726","article-title":"Chronic oxidative stress and radiation-induced late normal tissue injury: a review","volume":"80","author":"Robbins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6602","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186602","article-title":"Comparison of high- and low-LET radiation-induced DNA double-strand break processing in living cells","volume":"21","author":"Roobol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.100802","article-title":"Spatiotemporal changes in the human lens proteome: Critical insights into long-lived proteins","volume":"76","author":"Schey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.13.6.691","article-title":"Cataract formation and prevention","volume":"13","author":"Shichi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20901","article-title":"Changes in gravitational force cause changes in gene expression in the lens of developing zebrafish","volume":"235","author":"Shimada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ns.33.120183.001543","article-title":"Elemental and isotopic composition of the galactic cosmic rays","volume":"33","author":"Simpson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00015-5","article-title":"MMPs in the eye: emerging roles for matrix metalloproteinases in ocular physiology","volume":"21","author":"Sivak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000510","article-title":"Spaceflight-related ocular changes: the potential role of genetics, and the potential of B vitamins as a countermeasure","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Opinion Clin. Nutrit. Metab. Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_646_17","article-title":"Anatomy of cornea and ocular surface","volume":"66","author":"Sridhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.08.018","article-title":"Protein-protein interactions and lens transparency","volume":"87","author":"Takemoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2000.0916","article-title":"Induction of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 following stress to the lens","volume":"71","author":"Tamiya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19139","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202071200","article-title":"Aquaporin deletion in mice reduces corneal water permeability and delays restoration of transparency after swelling","volume":"277","author":"Thiagarajah","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19139","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202071200","article-title":"Aquaporin deletion in mice reduces corneal water permeability and delays restoration of transparency after swelling","volume":"277","author":"Thiagarajah","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.05.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in corneal disease","volume":"36","author":"Vallabh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.06.007","article-title":"Gamma crystallins of the human eye lens","volume":"1860","author":"Vendra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Gen. Sub."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2006.05.006","article-title":"Oxidative stress in cataracts","volume":"13","author":"Vinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199707000-00015","article-title":"IL-1 upregulates keratinocyte growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor mRNA and protein production by cultured stromal fibroblast cells: interleukin-1 beta expression in the cornea","volume":"16","author":"Weng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.03.010","article-title":"The keratocyte: corneal stromal cell with variable repair phenotypes","volume":"38","author":"West-Mays","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650100603","article-title":"The skeletal effects of spaceflight in growing rats: tissue-specific alterations in mRNA levels for TGF-beta","volume":"10","author":"Westerlind","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307013290118","article-title":"Mooren's corneal ulcers and hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"329","author":"Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1994.1152","article-title":"Effect of epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and keratinocyte growth factor, on proliferation, motility and differentiation of human corneal epithelial cells","volume":"59","author":"Wilson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0058","first-page":"1582","article-title":"The Fas-Fas ligand system and other modulators of apoptosis in the cornea","volume":"37","author":"Wilson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00085-0","article-title":"Corneal cells: chatty in development, homeostasis, wound healing, and disease","volume":"136","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015","article-title":"Macrophages in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000378","article-title":"Limbal and corneal epithelial homeostasis","volume":"28","author":"Yazdanpanah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2478\/gsr-2013-0003","article-title":"Spaceflight effects and molecular responses in the mouse eye: preliminary observations after shuttle mission STS-133","volume":"1","author":"Zanello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gravitat. Space Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900643","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta2 mRNA level in unloaded bone analyzed by quantitative in situ hybridization","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-278457","article-title":"Genotype, B-vitamin status, and androgens affect spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes","volume":"30","author":"Zwart","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."}],"container-title":["Life Sciences in Space Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214552425000355?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214552425000355?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T05:04:31Z","timestamp":1745471071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214552425000355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["S2214552425000355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-5524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-5524","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Molecular and biomechanical changes of the cornea and lens in spaceflight","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Life Sciences in Space Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lssr.2025.03.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}