{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:41:12Z","timestamp":1791009672747,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","lungcancerjournal.info","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,19]],"date-time":"2008-03-19T01:40:43Z","timestamp":1205890843000},"page":"4-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A review of thymic tumours"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Srirajaskanthan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Toubanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dusmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.E.","family":"Caplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"March (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.262045213","article-title":"The thymus: a comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"Nishino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"July","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2002.18502.x","article-title":"The discovery of thymus function and of thymus-derived lymphocytes","volume":"185","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"June (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-2815.2004.00255.x","article-title":"Events that led to the discovery of T-cell development and function\u2014a personal recollection","volume":"63","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199003000-00010","article-title":"Histology of the normal thymus","volume":"14","author":"Suster","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"July 1 (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11099","article-title":"Malignant thymoma in the United States: demographic patterns in incidence and associations with subsequent malignancies","volume":"105","author":"Engels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"October (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2893","article-title":"Tumors of the mediastinum","volume":"128","author":"Duwe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"September (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.11-8-887","article-title":"Thymoma: benign appearance, malignant potential","volume":"11","author":"Riedel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"March 1 (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850301)55:5<1074::AID-CNCR2820550524>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Thymoma. A comparative study of clinical stages, histologic features, and survival in 200 cases","volume":"55","author":"Verley","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"October (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00669-C","article-title":"Thymoma: a multivariate analysis of factors predicting survival","volume":"60","author":"Blumberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"December 1 (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19871201)60:11<2727::AID-CNCR2820601125>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Thymoma. A clinicopathologic review","volume":"60","author":"Lewis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"July 15 (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920715)70:2<443::AID-CNCR2820700212>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Malignant thymoma","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"November (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01139-1","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic predictors of outcome in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis","volume":"76","author":"Lopez-Cano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"May (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.10.001","article-title":"Thymic tumors","volume":"77","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"June 23 (25)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406233302507","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis","volume":"330","author":"Drachman","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"July (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1017","article-title":"Mature, long-lived CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are generated by the thymoma in myasthenia gravis","volume":"50","author":"Buckley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"July 1 (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.1.159","article-title":"Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis correlates with generation of mature naive CD4(+) T cells in thymomas","volume":"100","author":"Strobel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"September (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03442.x","article-title":"Expression of autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) and T regulatory cells in human thymomas","volume":"149","author":"Scarpino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.025","article-title":"The role of thymomas in the development of myasthenia gravis","volume":"998","author":"Marx","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20340","article-title":"Selective loss of regulatory T cells in thymomas","volume":"56","author":"Strobel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"October (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830230211","article-title":"Autoreactive erythroid progenitor-T suppressor cells in the pure red cell aplasia associated with thymoma and panhypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"23","author":"Mangan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.1.12","article-title":"What is Good's syndrome? Immunological abnormalities in patients with thymoma","volume":"56","author":"Kelleher","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"June (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0429-z","article-title":"Paraneoplastic diseases associated with thymoma","volume":"254","author":"Evoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.11-3-292","article-title":"Managing paraneoplastic neurological disorders","volume":"11","author":"de Beukelaar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"November 13 (9)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.9.1579","article-title":"Do titin and cytokine antibodies in MG patients predict thymoma or thymoma recurrence?","volume":"57","author":"Buckley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"November 1 (21)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7270","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0735","article-title":"Autoantibody profiles and neurological correlations of thymoma","volume":"10","author":"Vernino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"October 1 (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.4.1043","article-title":"Thymic B lymphocyte clones from patients with myasthenia gravis secrete monoclonal striational autoantibodies reacting with myosin, alpha actinin, or actin","volume":"164","author":"Williams","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"July 3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib27","article-title":"Multimodal treatment of thymic carcinoma: report of nine cases","author":"Magois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"April (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-7071(94)00041-A","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia","volume":"19","author":"Negron-Soto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000029231","article-title":"Parathyroid-hormone-related-protein-producing thymic carcinoma presenting as a giant extrathoracic mass","volume":"65","author":"Suzuki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"July 1 (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2003.11.021","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma: state of the art review","volume":"59","author":"Eng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"April (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197204)29:4<1061::AID-CNCR2820290456>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Mediastinal endocrine neoplasm, of probable thymic origin, related to carcinoid tumor. Clinicopathologic study of 8 cases","volume":"29","author":"Rosai","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"November (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03547-6","article-title":"Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus","volume":"74","author":"Chaer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"July (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1309\/3PDN-PMT5-EQTM-H0CD","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinomas (carcinoid tumor) of the thymus. A clinicopathologic analysis of 80 cases","volume":"114","author":"Moran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"October (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03032-6","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus: a clinicopathological and prognostic study","volume":"72","author":"Gal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib35","first-page":"270","article-title":"Thymic carcinoid in the pancreas: metastatic disease or new primary tumours","volume":"165","author":"Axelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib36","first-page":"675","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) of the thymus associated with Cushing's syndrome","volume":"73","author":"de","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/14017439950142046","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplastic-associated thymic carcinoid tumour in close relatives: octreotide scan as a new diagnostic and follow-up modality. Two case reports","volume":"33","author":"Satta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"issue":"July (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01535.x","article-title":"Ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion by thymic carcinoid tumour","volume":"57","author":"Boix","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"September (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.29.5.553","article-title":"Carcinoid tumour of the thymus with systemic manifestations: a radiological and pathological study","volume":"29","author":"Lowenthal","year":"1974","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"May (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1155","article-title":"Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome: the Italian series","volume":"90","author":"Ferolla","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021314","article-title":"Prospective study of thymic carcinoids in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"88","author":"Gibril","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"December 1 (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811201)48:11<2485::AID-CNCR2820481123>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages","volume":"48","author":"Masaoka","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"May (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02936.x","article-title":"A review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reappraisal of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma","volume":"44","author":"Koga","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"issue":"November 1 (9)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911101)68:9<1984::AID-CNCR2820680923>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"A tentative tumor-node-metastasis classification of thymoma","volume":"68","author":"Yamakawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib45","series-title":"WHO Classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, thymus and heart, vol 7 ed.","first-page":"93","article-title":"Tumours of the thymus","author":"Marx","year":"2004"},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.07.019","article-title":"Proposal of a novel system for the staging of thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"80","author":"Bedini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib47","series-title":"World Health Organization international histological classification of tumours","author":"Rosai","year":"1999"},{"issue":"December (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.031138","article-title":"Diagnosis of thymoma","volume":"59","author":"Suster","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-005-3047-y","article-title":"Thymoma and thymic carcinoma: an update of the WHO Classification 2004","volume":"35","author":"Strobel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"issue":"February 1 (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10226","article-title":"The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma: a clinical study of 273 patients","volume":"94","author":"Okumura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"February (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib51","first-page":"32","article-title":"Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the thymus","volume":"16","author":"Klemm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"November 17","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib52","article-title":"Anterior mediastinal tumors: diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib53","first-page":"313","article-title":"Normal thymus: assessment with MR and CT","volume":"158","author":"de","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib54","first-page":"1628","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT of thymic epithelial tumors: usefulness for distinguishing and staging tumor subgroups","volume":"47","author":"Sung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"March 23 (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7800-2-7","article-title":"Interpretation of the post-surgical somatostatin receptor scintigram of a primary neuroendocrine tumor of the thymus: a case report and literature review","volume":"2","author":"Leondi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Semin Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"August 1 (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860801)58:3<765::AID-CNCR2820580326>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Thymomas. A review of 169 cases, with particular reference to results of surgical treatment","volume":"58","author":"Maggi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"November (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00819-1","article-title":"Comparison of stages I\u2013II thymoma treated by complete resection with or without adjuvant radiation","volume":"76","author":"Singhal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"March (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cco.0000152628.43867.8e","article-title":"Treatment of malignant thymoma","volume":"17","author":"Giaccone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"issue":"May 24 (21)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc079010","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 16\u20132007. A 61-year-old man with a mediastinal mass","volume":"356","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Jun 12","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib60","article-title":"Management of thymomas","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)90478-9","article-title":"Thymoma: results of 241 operated cases","volume":"51","author":"Maggi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(99)70343-0","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment of thymomas with special reference to the involved organs","volume":"117","author":"Okumura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"September (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00555-1","article-title":"Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from Japan","volume":"76","author":"Kondo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.6-3-239","article-title":"Thymoma: update for the new millennium","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)01063-7","article-title":"Thymic neuroendocrine tumor (thymic carcinoid): a clinicopathologic study in 15 patients","volume":"67","author":"Fukai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"May (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1556-0864(15)31586-0","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage III and IVA thymomas: a single-institution experience with a long follow-up","volume":"1","author":"Lucchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"September (9)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.9.3093","article-title":"Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide plus thoracic radiation therapy for limited-stage unresectable thymoma: an intergroup trial","volume":"15","author":"Loehrer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"June (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2003.12.010","article-title":"Phase II study of a multidisciplinary approach with induction chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection, radiation therapy, and consolidation chemotherapy for unresectable malignant thymomas: final report","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"April (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2003.09.022","article-title":"Multimodal management of stages III-IVa malignant thymoma","volume":"44","author":"Bretti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.07.049","article-title":"Feasibility of multimodality therapy including extended resections in stage IVA thymoma","volume":"134","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01020-8","article-title":"Long-term outcome after multimodality treatment for stage III thymic tumors","volume":"76","author":"Venuta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62558-1","article-title":"Recurrence of thymoma: clinicopathological features, therapy, and prognosis","volume":"39","author":"Monden","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"August (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib73","first-page":"84","article-title":"Prognostic factors and long-term results after thymoma resection: a series of 307 patients","volume":"112","author":"Regnard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70399-4","article-title":"Recurrence of thymoma: analysis of clinicopathologic features, treatment, and outcome","volume":"113","author":"Ruffini","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"May (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-3359(25)00580-0","article-title":"Chemotherapy of thymomas and thymic carcinomas","volume":"11","author":"Chahinian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest Surg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(94)01493-M","article-title":"Thymoma: results of a multicentric retrospective series of 149 non-metastatic irradiated patients and review of the literature. FNCLCC trialists. Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer","volume":"34","author":"Cowen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000073357","article-title":"Ifosfamide in thymic neoplasms","volume":"65","author":"Daniele","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"issue":"September (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703181","article-title":"High-dose carboplatin with etoposide in patients with recurrent thymoma: the Indiana University experience","volume":"28","author":"Hanna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"issue":"June (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30382-7","article-title":"Therapy of the malignant carcinoid syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Kvols","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"January 15 (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.02.047","article-title":"Octreotide alone or with prednisone in patients with advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II Trial","volume":"22","author":"Loehrer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"June (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh216","article-title":"Consensus report on the use of somatostatin analogs for the management of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system","volume":"15","author":"Oberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"October (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837706","article-title":"Multimodality treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus","volume":"53","author":"Dosios","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib83","series-title":"Pancreatic disease: basic science and clinical management","first-page":"31","article-title":"GI hormone producing tumours: syndromes and treatment options","author":"McStay","year":"2003"},{"issue":"January 27","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib84","article-title":"Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with (177) Lu-octreotate in patients with foregut carcinoid tumours of bronchial, gastric and thymic origin","author":"van","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"Part 1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7068","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7068","article-title":"Phase II study of gefitinib treatment in advanced thymic malignancies","volume":"23","author":"Kurup","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"June 17 (25)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200406173502523","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma with overexpression of mutated KIT and the response to imatinib","volume":"350","author":"Strobel","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"May (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70141-9","article-title":"Response of thymoma to cetuximab","volume":"8","author":"Farina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"December 1 (34)","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.08.8963","article-title":"Dasatinib induces a response in malignant thymoma","volume":"24","author":"Chuah","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500208000512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500208000512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T12:21:12Z","timestamp":1759234872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169500208000512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0169500208000512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-5002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-5002","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A review of thymic tumours","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Lung Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}