{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:55:03Z","timestamp":1792090503936,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008207","name":"AstraZeneca Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","lungcancerjournal.info","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T03:14:09Z","timestamp":1678331649000},"page":"107166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Use of radiation therapy among patients with Extensive-stage Small-cell lung cancer receiving Immunotherapy: Canadian consensus recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7790-373X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassam","family":"Abdulkarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Normand","family":"Blais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Greenland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Melosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devin","family":"Schellenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Snow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0005","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0010","unstructured":"Canadian Cancer Society, Canadian Cancer Statistics. A 2020 special report on lung cancer. Available at: https:\/\/cdn.cancer.ca\/-\/media\/files\/cancer-information\/resources\/publications\/2020-canadian-cancer-statistics-special-report\/2020-canadian-cancer-statistics-special-report-en.pdf. Accessed: 14 Apr 2022. (2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.M. Rudin, E. Brambilla, C. Faivre-Finn, J. Sage, Small-cell lung cancer, Nature reviews. Disease primers. 7(1) (2021) 3-3. 10.1038\/s41572-020-00235-0.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00235-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5002(02)00072-7","article-title":"Staging small cell lung cancer: Veterans Administration Lung Study Group versus International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer\u2013what limits limited disease?","volume":"37","author":"Micke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2015.09.009","article-title":"The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (Eighth) edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Goldstraw","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071780","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive small-cell lung cancer","volume":"357","author":"Slotman","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(69)90071-0","article-title":"Alkylating agents in bronchogenic carcinoma","volume":"46","author":"Green","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2958","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer: will recent progress lead to improved outcomes?","volume":"21","author":"Pietanza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.01.010","article-title":"Phase II study of roniciclib in combination with cisplatin\/etoposide or carboplatin\/etoposide as first-Line therapy in patients with extensive-disease small cell lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Reck","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4787","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.23.1548","article-title":"Phase III study of pemetrexed plus carboplatin compared with etoposide plus carboplatin in chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer","volume":"27","author":"Socinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.20.1061","article-title":"Phase III trial of irinotecan\/cisplatin compared with etoposide\/cisplatin in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: clinical and pharmacogenomic results from SWOG S0124","volume":"27","author":"Lara","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.8595","article-title":"Randomized phase III trial comparing irinotecan\/cisplatin with etoposide\/cisplatin in patients with previously untreated extensive-stage disease small-cell lung cancer","volume":"24","author":"Hanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"9962","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61085-0","article-title":"Use of thoracic radiotherapy for extensive stage small-cell lung cancer: a phase 3 randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Slotman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.7.2092","article-title":"Role of radiation therapy in the combined-modality treatment of patients with extensive disease small-cell lung cancer: A randomized study","volume":"17","author":"Jeremic","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.06.015","article-title":"Randomized Phase II study comparing prophylactic cranial irradiation alone to prophylactic cranial irradiation and consolidative extracranial irradiation for extensive-disease small cell lung cancer (ED SCLC): NRG Oncology RTOG 0937","volume":"12","author":"Gore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2015.09.007","article-title":"Thoracic radiotherapy for extensive stage small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Palma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.03.207","article-title":"Small-cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Dingemans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0090","unstructured":"NCCN, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Small cell lung cancer. Version 2.2022, November 24, 2021, 2022. https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/sclc.pdf. (Accessed 6 April 2022 2022)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.12.004","article-title":"Practice patterns of thoracic radiotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: survey of US academic thoracic radiation oncologists","volume":"18","author":"Post","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Johal, R. Hettle, J. Carroll, P. Maguire, T. Wynne, Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in small-cell lung cancer: a systematic literature review, J Thorac Dis. 13(6) (2021) 3692-3707. 10.21037\/jtd-20-3034.","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-3034"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2018.06.008","article-title":"Guideline for the initial management of small cell lung cancer (limited and extensive stage) and the role of thoracic radiotherapy and first-line chemotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30230-9","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation versus observation in patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"18","author":"Takahashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2020.102025","article-title":"Risk factors for neurocognitive decline in lung cancer patients treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation: A systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2020.02.009","article-title":"Radiation therapy for small cell lung cancer: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"10","author":"Simone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pract. Radiat. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03364","article-title":"Radiation therapy for small-cell lung cancer: ASCO guideline endorsement of an ASTRO guideline","volume":"39","author":"Daly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2396","article-title":"Integrative genome analyses identify key somatic driver mutations of small-cell lung cancer","volume":"44","author":"Peifer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.07.033","article-title":"SCLC, paraneoplastic syndromes, and the immune system","volume":"14","author":"Sebastian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Horn, A.S. Mansfield, A. Szczesna, L. Havel, M. Krzakowski, M.J. Hochmair, F. Huemer, G. Losonczy, M.L. Johnson, M. Nishio, M. Reck, T. Mok, S. Lam, D.S. Shames, J. Liu, B. Ding, A. Lopez-Chavez, F. Kabbinavar, W. Lin, A. Sandler, S.V. Liu, I.M.S. Group, First-line atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med. 379(23) (2018) 2220-2229. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1809064.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809064"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0145","unstructured":"L. Paz-Ares, M. Dvorkin, Y. Chen, N. Reinmuth, K. Hotta, D. Trukhin, G. Statsenko, M.J. Hochmair, M. Ozguroglu, J.H. Ji, O. Voitko, A. Poltoratskiy, S. Ponce, F. Verderame, L. Havel, I. Bondarenko, A. Kazarnowicz, G. Losonczy, N.V. Conev, J. Armstrong, N. Byrne, N. Shire, H. Jiang, J.W. Goldman, C. investigators, Durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial, Lancet. 394(10212) (2019) 1929-1939. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32222-6."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.M. Rudin, M.M. Awad, A. Navarro, M. Gottfried, S. Peters, T. Cs\u0151szi, P.K. Cheema, D. Rodriguez-Abreu, M. Wollner, J.C.-H. Yang, J. Mazieres, F.J. Orlandi, A. Luft, M. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, T. Kato, G.P. Kalemkerian, Y. Luo, V. Ebiana, M.C. Pietanza, H.R. Kim, o.b.o.t.K.-. Investigators, Pembrolizumab or placebo plus etoposide and platinum as first-line therapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: randomized, double-blind, Phase III KEYNOTE-604 study, J Clin Oncol. 38(21) (2020) 2369-2379. 10.1200\/jco.20.00793.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00793"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinmuth, P48.03 - First-line durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide in extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC: exploratory analyses based on extent of disease in CASPIAN. WCLC 2021. (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.01.873"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0160","unstructured":"NIH, SWOG S1827 (MAVERICK) Testing whether the use of brain scans alone instead of brain scans plus preventive brain radiation affects lifespan in patients with small cell lung cancer. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04155034?term=maverick&draw=2&rank=5. Accessed: 6 April 2022. (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0165","unstructured":"NIH, Chemo-immunotherapy plus thoracic radiotherapy in extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (TRIPLEX). Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05223647?term=TRIPLEX&cond=SCLC&draw=2&rank=1. Accessed: 6 April 2022, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0170","unstructured":"NIH, Thoracic RadiothErapy with Atezolizumab in Small cell lUng canceR Extensive disease (TREASURE). Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04462276?term=TREASURE&cond=SCLC&draw=2&rank=1. Accessed: 6 April 2022, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0175","unstructured":"NIH, Testing the addition of radiation therapy to the usual immune therapy treatment (atezolizumab) for extensive stage small cell lung cancer - The RAPTOR Trial. Available at: Accessed: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04402788?term=RAPTOR&cond=sclc&draw=2&rank=1. 6 April 2022, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0180","unstructured":"NIH, Study of durvalumab in combination with platinum and etoposide for the first line treatment of patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (LUMINANCE). Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04774380?term=luminance&cond=sclc&draw=2&rank=1. Accessed: 14 April 2022, 2022."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0185","article-title":"A real-world evaluation of atezolizumab plus platinum-etoposide chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage SCLC in Canada","volume":"2","author":"Elegbede","year":"2021","journal-title":"JTO Clin Res Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.09.031","article-title":"Prospective single-arm phase 1 and 2 study: ipilimumab and nivolumab with thoracic radiation therapy after platinum chemotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer","volume":"109","author":"Perez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.10.001","article-title":"Phase I trial of pembrolizumab and radiation therapy after induction chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"Welsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.08.236","article-title":"1652P Safety of simultaneously performed radiotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer undergoing atezolizumab treatment","volume":"32","author":"Galuba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1303","article-title":"Role of thoracic radiotherapy in extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in the immunotherapy era: a national hospital-based registry analysis","volume":"111","author":"Gross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0210","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab, in combination with etoposide and carboplatin regimen, in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a single-center experience","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother."},{"issue":"15_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19309","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.e19309","article-title":"Use of prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer receiving immunotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.08.022","article-title":"Phase 1\/2 trial of pembrolizumab and concurrent chemoradiation therapy for limited-stage SCLC","volume":"15","author":"Welsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.09.011","article-title":"Consolidation nivolumab and ipilimumab versus observation in limited-disease small-cell lung cancer after chemo-radiotherapy - results from the randomised phase II ETOP\/IFCT 4\u201312 STIMULI trial","volume":"33","author":"Peters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.E. Bauman, S.D. Karam, M. Nishio, M.J. Ahn, D.W. Kim, S.W. Kim, H. Murakami, L. Wang, J. Shetty, K.Y. Wu, P.A. Dennis, B.C. Cho, 1056P Durvalumab (D) in combination with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in solid tumours: Phase I CLOVER study, Ann Oncol. 31 (2020) S721-S722. 10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.08.1176.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.08.1176"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0235","article-title":"Toxicity profile of combining PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors and thoracic radiotherapy in non small cell lung cancer: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3718","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-014-1156-6","article-title":"Consensus development for healthcare professionals","volume":"10","author":"Kea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2017.03.007","article-title":"Which patients with ES-SCLC are most likely to benefit from more aggressive radiotherapy: A secondary analysis of the Phase III CREST trial","volume":"108","author":"Slotman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Paz-Ares, J.W. Goldman, M.C. Garassino, M. Dvorkin, D. Trukhin, G. Statsenko, K. Hotta, J.H. Ji, M.J. Hochmair, O. Voitko, L. Havel, A. Poltoratskiy, G. Losonczy, N. Reinmuth, Y. Shrestha, N. Patel, H. Mann, H. Jiang, M. \u00d6zg\u00fcro\u011flu, Y. Chen, PD-L1 expression, patterns of progression and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide in ES-SCLC: Results from CASPIAN. Abstract #3837. European Society for Medical Oncology 2019 Congress. Barcelona, Spain. (2019).","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz394.089"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01055","article-title":"Updated overall survival and PD-L1 subgroup analysis of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide (IMpower133)","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Supplement J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0265","unstructured":"A. Bruni, F. Bertonlini, E. D'Angelo, F. Barbieri, J. Imbrescia, L. Trudu, A. Cappelli, F. Lohr, M. Dominici, G. Guaitoli, Chemo-immunotherapy with or without consolidative radiotherapy in ES-SCLC: an initial report of clinical outcome and safety. Abstract #5239 (poster). European Lung Cancer Congress. Mar 30 - Apr 2, 2022. Prague, Czechia (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Zhuo, H. Chen, X. Ma, J. Liu, Y. Yang, Y. Fang, L. Wang, J. Zhao, Clinical outcomes of atezolizumab in combination with etoposide\/platinum for treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a real-world, multicentre, retrospective, controlled study in China. Abstract #482; Poster #145P. European Lung Cancer Congress. Mar 30 - Apr 2, 2022. Prague, Czechia (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.02.176"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0275","unstructured":"S. Daher, A. Allen, Y. Rottenberg, H. Nasrallah, L. Yosef, P. Blumenfeld, M. Wolner, S. Appel, H. Nechushtan, M. Moskovits, J. Bar, A. Zer, Real-world data of consoldiateve radiotherapy for extensive strage (ES)-SCLC treated by chemo-immunotherapy (chemo-IO). Abstract #432 (poster). European Lung Cancer Congress. Mar 30 - Apr 2, 2022. Prague, Czechia (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0280","unstructured":"Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Product monograph including patient medication information. TECENTRIQ(R) (atezolizumab for injection. Date of revision: 31 Mar 2022. Available at: https:\/\/www.rochecanada.com\/PMs\/Tecentriq\/Tecentriq_PM_E.pdf. Accessed: 14 April 2022. (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0285","unstructured":"AstraZeneca Canada Inc., Product monograph including patient medication information. IMFINIZI(R) (durvalumab for injection). Date of revision: 4 Apr 2022. Available at: https:\/\/www.astrazeneca.ca\/content\/dam\/az-ca\/downloads\/productinformation\/imfinzi-product-monograph-en.pdf. Accessed: 14 April 2022. (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Keller, S. Ghanta, J.L. Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00f3pez, A. Patel, S. Beriwal, Utility of prophylactic cranial irradiation for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer in the MRI screening era, Clin Lung Cancer. 22(6) (2021) e808-e816. 10.1016\/j.cllc.2021.03.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2021.03.009"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021798","article-title":"Mining prognostic factors of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer patients using nomogram model","volume":"99","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0300","first-page":"v52","article-title":"Management of brain metastases in lung cancer: evolving roles for radiation and systemic treatment in the era of targeted and immune therapies","volume":"3","author":"Myall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908123410703","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group","volume":"341","author":"Auperin","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-1-5","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Meert","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.02.033","article-title":"Decline in tested and self-reported cognitive functioning after prophylactic cranial irradiation for lung cancer: pooled secondary analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group randomized trials 0212 and 0214","volume":"86","author":"Gondi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1101-3","article-title":"The effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation versus control on survival of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 14 trials","volume":"13","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.04.058","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive stage small cell lung cancer: outcomes at a comprehensive cancer centre","volume":"101","author":"Bang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e199135","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.9135","article-title":"Evolving practice patterns in the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer","volume":"2","author":"Gjyshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Shinde, D. Akhavan, M. Sedrak, S. Glaser, A. Amini, Shifting paradigms: whole brain radiation therapy versus stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases, CNS oncology. 8(1) (2019) CNS27-CNS27. 10.2217\/cns-2018-0016.","DOI":"10.2217\/cns-2018-0016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Gaebe, A.Y. Li, A. Park, A. Parmar, B.H. Lok, A. Sahgal, K.K. Chan, A.W. Erickson, S. Das, Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) versus whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and intracranial metastatic disease (IMD): A systematic review and meta-analysis, J Clin Oncol. 40(16_suppl) (2022) 8570-8570. 10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8570.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.8570"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.1271","article-title":"Evaluation of first-line radiosurgery vs whole-brain radiotherapy for small cell lung cancer brain metastases: The FIRE-SCLC Cohort Study","volume":"6","author":"Rusthoven","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02748","article-title":"Lung cancer surveillance after definitive curative-intent therapy: ASCO guideline","volume":"38","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811161-1.00007-4","article-title":"Brain metastases: neuroimaging","volume":"149","author":"Pope","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006308808769","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of MRI compared to CCT in patients with brain metastases","volume":"44","author":"Schellinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurooncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0365","first-page":"293","article-title":"Diagnosis of cerebral metastases: double-dose delayed CT vs contrast-enhanced MR imaging","volume":"12","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70101-9","volume":"10","author":"Le P\u00e9choux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.05.013","volume":"81","author":"Wolfson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-016-1038-0","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation could improve overall survival in patients with extensive small cell lung cancer","volume":"192","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Strahlenther. Onkol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Le P\u00e9choux, A. Sun, B.J. Slotman, D. De Ruysscher, J. Belderbos, E.M. Gore, Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with lung cancer, Lancet Oncol. 17(7) (2016) e277-e293. 10.1016\/s1470-2045(16)30065-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30065-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2015.581","article-title":"Neurotoxicity due to prophylactic cranial irradiation for small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis","volume":"3","author":"Nakahara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.6053","article-title":"Phase III trial of prophylactic cranial irradiation compared with observation in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: neurocognitive and quality-of-life analysis","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.M. Taylor, C.G. Rusthoven, D. Moghanaki, Prophylactic cranial irradiation or MRI surveillance for extensive stage small cell lung cancer, J Thorac Dis. 12(10) (2020) 6225-6233. 10.21037\/jtd.2020.03.80.","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.03.80"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0405","unstructured":"NIH, Whole-brain radiation therapy with or without hippocampal avoidance in treating patients with limited stage or extensive stage small cell lung cancer (NRG-CC003). Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02635009?term=nrg-cc003&draw=2&rank=1. Accessed: 14 April 2022, 2022."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01632","article-title":"Hippocampal avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation: a new standard of care?","volume":"39","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00639","article-title":"Randomized phase III trial of prophylactic cranial irradiation with or without hippocampal avoidance for small-cell lung cancer (PREMER): A GICOR-GOECP-SEOR study","volume":"39","author":"de Dios","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.12.024","article-title":"Phase 3 randomized trial of prophylactic cranial Irradiation with or without hippocampus avoidance in SCLC (NCT01780675)","volume":"16","author":"Belderbos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0425","article-title":"9068: First-line durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): impact of brain metastasis on treatment patterns and outcomes","volume":"2020","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ASCO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002_b0430","first-page":"2220","article-title":"Protocol: First-line atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer","volume":"23","author":"L. Horn, A.S. Mansfield, A. Szczesna, L. Havel, M. Krzakowski, M.J. Hochmair, F. Huemer, G. Losonczy, M.L. Johnson, M. Nishio, M. Reck, T. Mok, S. Lam, D.S. Shames, J. Liu, B. Ding, A. Lopez-Chavez, F. Kabbinavar, W. Lin, A. Sandler, S.V. Liu, I.M.S. Group","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."}],"container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500223000879?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500223000879?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T13:03:27Z","timestamp":1759237407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169500223000879"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0169500223000879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-5002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-5002","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of radiation therapy among patients with Extensive-stage Small-cell lung cancer receiving Immunotherapy: Canadian consensus recommendations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Lung Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.03.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107166"}}