{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:03:18Z","timestamp":1790344998975,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006468","name":"College of Medicine, Korea University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2327231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2327231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006468","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006468","name":"College of Medicine, Korea University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2505651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2505651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006468","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","lungcancerjournal.info","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T23:58:47Z","timestamp":1780963127000},"page":"109490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Treatment-free survival after two-year immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in non-small cell lung cancer: Utilizing the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"218","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6578-7671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoungmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minwoong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon","family":"Namgung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Hae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1831-0555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Ji","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7101-1036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Joo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.05.001","article-title":"Five year survival update from KEYNOTE-010: pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, programmed death-ligand 1-positive advanced NSCLC","volume":"16","author":"Herbst","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01605","article-title":"Five-year outcomes from the randomized, phase III trials CheckMate 017 and 057: nivolumab versus docetaxel in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"39","author":"Borghaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359231195600","article-title":"Pursuit or discontinuation of anti-PD1 after 2 years of treatment in long-term responder patients with non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"Ardin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0020","article-title":"Impact of pembrolizumab treatment duration on overall survival and prognostic factors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Rousseau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2023.06.005","article-title":"Continuous vs. fixed 2-year duration immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a single institution database analysis","volume":"24","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.1891","article-title":"Association between duration of immunotherapy and overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.19607","article-title":"Treatment-free survival after Nivolumab vs pembrolizumab vs nivolumab-ipilimumab for advanced melanoma","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.09.022","article-title":"Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in pretreated patients with NSCLC: final results from the randomized phase 2 Poplar and phase 3 OAK clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Mazieres","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","article-title":"Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data","volume":"43","author":"Quan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2026.0669","article-title":"Outcomes and treatments of patients with non\u2013small cell lung cancer who received pembrolizumab","author":"Rousseau","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116579","article-title":"Real-world outcomes of immunotherapy discontinuation at two years in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: final results of the I-STOP study","volume":"237","author":"Gemelli","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14122846","article-title":"Real-world treatments and clinical outcomes in advanced NSCLC without actionable mutations after introduction of immunotherapy in Japan","volume":"14","author":"Nokihara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.859938","article-title":"Real-world data of different immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer in China","volume":"12","author":"Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02446","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and retreatment among patients with previously treated, programmed death-ligand 1\u2012Positive, advanced non\u2012small-cell lung cancer in the KEYNOTE-010 study","volume":"38","author":"Herbst","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00131","article-title":"Continuous versus 1-year fixed-duration nivolumab in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: CheckMate 153","volume":"38","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab049","article-title":"Evidence gaps in cancer survivorship care: a report from the 2019 National Cancer Institute cancer survivorship workshop","volume":"113","author":"Gallicchio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16040709","article-title":"Reasons for treatment discontinuation and their effect on outcomes of immunotherapy in Southwest Finland: a retrospective, real-world cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Virtanen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2002","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13918","article-title":"Real-world clinical and economic outcomes in selected immune-related adverse events among patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"26","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.10.007","article-title":"Checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer-a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-20-941","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Guaitoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02613-9","article-title":"Clinicopathologic correlates of first-line pembrolizumab effectiveness in patients with advanced NSCLC and a PD-L1 expression of \u2265 50","volume":"69","author":"Cortellini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-22-0495","article-title":"The timing, the treatment, the question: Comparison of epidemiologic approaches to minimize immortal time bias in real-world data using a surgical oncology example","volume":"31","author":"Duchesneau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1073274818789355","article-title":"Immortal time bias in observational studies of time-to-event outcomes: assessing effects of postmastectomy radiation therapy using the national cancer database","volume":"25","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Control: J. Moffitt. Cancer Cent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1169173","article-title":"Permanent hypothyroidism following immune checkpoint inhibitors induced thyroiditis may be associated with improved survival: results of an exploratory study","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03718-2","article-title":"Thyroid disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"85","author":"Karaviti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009902","article-title":"Reporting of late-onset immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint inhibitors in VigiBase","volume":"12","author":"Noseda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0645-6","article-title":"Delayed immune-related events (DIRE) after discontinuation of immunotherapy: diagnostic hazard of autoimmunity at a distance","volume":"7","author":"Couey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz060","article-title":"Analysis of time-to-treatment discontinuation of targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy in clinical trials of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"30","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500226005519?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500226005519?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:28:58Z","timestamp":1790342938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169500226005519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0169500226005519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-5002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-5002","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment-free survival after two-year immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in non-small cell lung cancer: Utilizing the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Lung Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109490","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109490"}}