{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:14:02Z","timestamp":1789146842703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018719","name":"Ko\u00e7 University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","lungcancerjournal.info","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:24:00Z","timestamp":1787495040000},"page":"109590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy may improve survival after SCLC transformation in EGFR-mutant NSCLC: a multicenter real-world study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"220","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2988-4450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazan","family":"Demir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cevat \u0130lteri\u015f","family":"K\u0131k\u0131l\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Kemik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4462-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahad\u0131r","family":"K\u00f6yl\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Tural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eahin","family":"La\u00e7in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eeyda","family":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didem","family":"Tunal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8837-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nil Molinas","family":"Mandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulden","family":"Yumuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mevlude","family":"Inanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayse Nuransoy","family":"Cengiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6623-6273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ba\u015fak Oyan","family":"Ulu\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seval Ay","family":"Ersoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5863-3511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisanur Sar\u0131yar","family":"Busery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Karakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Erdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orhun","family":"Akdo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozan","family":"Yaz\u0131c\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elanur","family":"Kahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130rem","family":"Bilgetekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umut","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasibe Bilge","family":"G\u00fcr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130lker Nihat","family":"\u00d6kten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7970-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"Karakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O\u011fuzhan","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melek Karakurt","family":"Ery\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7705-3926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00fcbra","family":"Canaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4841-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Seyyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammet Ali","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erdem","family":"\u00c7ubuk\u00e7u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcl","family":"Ak\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ersoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5573-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet Taner","family":"S\u00fcmb\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"\u00d6z\u00e7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilruba \u0130layda","family":"\u00d6zel Bozda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00dclviye","family":"Oflas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Paksoy","family":"Turkoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duygu Bay\u0131r","family":"Garbio\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Sel\u00e7ukbiricik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0005","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0010","article-title":"ESMO guidelines Committee. metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"29","author":"Planchard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1713137","article-title":"FLAURA investigators. Osimertinib in untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non\u2013small-cell lung cancer","volume":"378","author":"Soria","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1913662","article-title":"FLAURA investigators. overall survival with osimertinib in untreated, EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC","volume":"382","author":"Ramalingam","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"75","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002003","article-title":"Genotypic and histological evolution of lung cancers acquiring resistance to EGFR inhibitors","volume":"3","author":"Sequist","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2246","article-title":"Analysis of tumor specimens at the time of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy in 155 patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.71.9096","article-title":"Clinical and genomic analysis of small-cell lung cancer transformation of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.06.002","article-title":"Concurrent RB1 and TP53 alterations define a subset of EGFR-mutant lung cancers at risk for histologic transformation and inferior clinical outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Offin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2018.1435222","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer transformation from EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma: a case report and literature review","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3182a407fa","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma in the setting of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: new insights in the era of molecular pathology","volume":"8","author":"Norkowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01585","article-title":"EGFR-mutant adenocarcinomas that transform to small-cell lung cancer and other neuroendocrine carcinomas: clinical outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Marcoux","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0060","article-title":"ESMO guidelines Committee. Metastatic non\u2013small cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice guidelines","volume":"34","author":"Peters","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0065","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer. Version 6.2026 (June 12, 2026). https:\/\/www.nccn.org. Accessed August 6, 2026."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026","article-title":"New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1)","volume":"45","author":"Eisenhauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0075","article-title":"Comprehensive clinicogenomic profiling of small cell transformation from EGFR-mutant NSCLC informs potential therapeutic targets","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JTO Clin Res Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.08.2028","article-title":"A brief report of transformation from NSCLC to SCLC: molecular and therapeutic characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Ferrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.115065","article-title":"Small cell transformation in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: DLL3 expression and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors or tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy","volume":"213","author":"Saalfeld","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2025.105326","article-title":"Correlation between treatments and outcomes of patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer that transitioned into small-cell lung cancer: an international retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Catania","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz167","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced lung cancer and oncogenic driver alterations: results from the IMMUNOTARGET registry","volume":"30","author":"Mazieres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz141","article-title":"EGFR mutation subtypes and response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"30","author":"Hastings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809064","article-title":"IMpower133 Study Group. First-line atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer","volume":"379","author":"Horn","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"10212","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32222-6","article-title":"CASPIAN investigators. Durvalumab plus platinum\u2013etoposide versus platinum\u2013etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"Paz-Ares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2025.108715","article-title":"Immunotherapy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC after TKI resistance: role of mutation subtypes and progression patterns","volume":"207","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590_b0120","article-title":"DLL3 immunohistochemical expression in neuroendocrine-transformed EGFR-mutant lung cancer and two cases of tarlatamab therapy","volume":"6","author":"Aredo","year":"2025","journal-title":"JTO Clin. Res. Rep."}],"container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500226006513?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500226006513?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:53:50Z","timestamp":1789145630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169500226006513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0169500226006513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-5002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-5002","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy may improve survival after SCLC transformation in EGFR-mutant NSCLC: a multicenter real-world study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Lung Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109590","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109590"}}