{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:37:02Z","timestamp":1792816622941,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","lungcancerjournal.info","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:44:46Z","timestamp":1792230286000},"page":"109667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multi-omics liquid biopsy for leptomeningeal metastases in lung cancer: from molecular mechanisms to precision diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Ruilong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3217-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10299","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00312-3","article-title":"Lung cancer","volume":"398","author":"Thai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pccm.2023.08.006","article-title":"Changing profile of lung cancer clinical characteristics in China: over 8-year population-based study","volume":"1","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-025-02880-9","article-title":"Liquid biopsies for the monitoring of gliomas and brain metastases in adults","volume":"149","author":"Dwarshuis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2019-000507","article-title":"How we treat patients with leptomeningeal metastases","volume":"4","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2019","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.09.140","article-title":"The evolving landscape of leptomeningeal metastases from NSCLC: an international, contemporary, multicenter cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-1585","article-title":"Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer and Current Landscape of Treatments","volume":"29","author":"Ozcan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae103","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: a Society for Neuro-Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus review on clinical management and future directions","volume":"26","author":"Wilcox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.101624","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumours: EANO\u2013ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"8","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now183","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases: a RANO proposal for response criteria","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz024","article-title":"The RANO Leptomeningeal Metastasis Group proposal to assess response to treatment: lack of feasibility and clinical utility and a revised proposal","volume":"21","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0071-5","article-title":"Current and future perspectives of liquid biopsies in genomics-driven oncology","volume":"20","author":"Heitzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1311","article-title":"Liquid Biopsy: from Discovery to Clinical Application","volume":"11","author":"Alix-Panabi\u00e8res","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy544","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid cell-free tumour DNA as a liquid biopsy for primary brain tumours and central nervous system metastases","volume":"30","author":"Seoane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04519-9","article-title":"Liquid biopsy in the setting of leptomeningeal metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"165","author":"Wijaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12374","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid-derived circulating tumor DNA is more comprehensive than plasma in NSCLC patients with leptomeningeal metastases regardless of extracranial evolution","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nie N, Zhou H, Zhang K, liu L, Luo N, Wang R, et al. Genotyping of cerebrospinal fluid in lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. Thoracic Cancer. 2022;13(18):2574-83.","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14592"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2022.107572","article-title":"Molecular characteristics and prognostic factors of leptomeningeal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"225","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04520-2","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA contributes to the detection and characterization of leptomeningeal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"165","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy009","article-title":"Unique genetic profiles from cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA in leptomeningeal metastases of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer: a new medium of liquid biopsy","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14866","article-title":"Efficacy of different platforms in detecting EGFR mutations using cerebrospinal fluid cell\u2010free DNA from non\u2010small \u2010cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastases","volume":"14","author":"Chiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thoracic Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2024.101113","article-title":"Clinical utility and predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA profiling in non-small cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis","volume":"60","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0110","article-title":"Quantification of cerebrospinal fluid tumor DNA in lung cancer patients with suspected leptomeningeal carcinomatosis","volume":"8(1):121","author":"Azad","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Precis. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz012","article-title":"Liquid biopsy in central nervous system metastases: a RANO review and proposals for clinical applications","volume":"21","author":"Boire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2025.108593","article-title":"Genomic profiling and prognostic factors of leptomeningeal metastasis in EGFR-mutant NSCLC after resistant to third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors","volume":"205","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03538-5","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA profiling for risk stratification and matched treatment of central nervous system metastases","volume":"31","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2434","article-title":"Dynamic Mutational Landscape of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulating Tumor DNA and Predictors of Survival after Proton Craniospinal Irradiation for Leptomeningeal Metastases","volume":"29","author":"Wijetunga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0135","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Cell-Free DNA-Based Detection of High Level of Genomic Instability is Associated with Poor Prognosis in NSCLC patients with Leptomeningeal Metastases","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-026-05520-8","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid ctDNA as a prognostic and disease-activity biomarker in leptomeningeal metastases: systematic review, meta-analysis, and implications for CSF-guided care","volume":"177","author":"Sankar","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0145","article-title":"Minimum Technical Preanalytical, Patient, and Clinical Context Data elements for Cerebrospinal Fluid Liquid Biopsy: Recommendations for Public Database Submissions","volume":"9","author":"Bagley","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCO Precis. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2021.03.001","article-title":"Clinical Experience of Cerebrospinal Fluid\u2013Based Liquid Biopsy Demonstrates Superiority of Cell-Free DNA over Cell Pellet Genomic DNA for Molecular Profiling","volume":"23","author":"Bale","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly046","article-title":"Evaluating Circulating Tumor DNA from the Cerebrospinal Fluid of patients with Melanoma and Leptomeningeal Disease","volume":"77","author":"Ballester","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-024-01846-4","article-title":"Real-world experience with circulating tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system tumors","volume":"12","author":"Hickman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.09.1385","article-title":"High-Dose Furmonertinib in patients with EGFR-Mutated NSCLC and Leptomeningeal Metastases: a prospective Real-World Study","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-026-02350-7","article-title":"Low-input CSF cfDNA shallow whole-genome sequencing for CNV-based diagnosis and monitoring of leptomeningeal metastasis in lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Guan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21122","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24950","article-title":"Cross-platform comparison for the detection of RAS mutations in cfDNA (ddPCR Biorad detection assay, BEAMing assay, and NGS strategy)","volume":"9","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5585148","article-title":"Optimization of Preanalytical Variables for cfDNA Processing and Detection of ctDNA in Archival Plasma Samples","volume":"2021","author":"Nesic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15072145","article-title":"Epigenetic Rewiring of Metastatic Cancer to the Brain: Focus on Lung and Colon Cancers","volume":"15","author":"Morotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03286-y","article-title":"Prediction of brain metastasis development with DNA methylation signatures","volume":"31","author":"Zuccato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0932-2","article-title":"Detection and discrimination of intracranial tumors using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes","volume":"26","author":"Nassiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac264","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid methylome-based liquid biopsies for accurate malignant brain neoplasm classification","volume":"25","author":"Zuccato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-024-04695-2","article-title":"Establishing the utility of multi-platform liquid biopsy by integrating the CSF methylome and proteome in CNS tumours","volume":"169","author":"Landry","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e766","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.766","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA methylation detection as biomarker and its application in tumor liquid biopsy: advances and challenges","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-026-00922-2","article-title":"Advancing AI for multi-omics and clinical data integration in basic and translational cancer research","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2024.2339961","article-title":"Exosome, a rising Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy: advances of Label-Free and Label Strategy for Diagnosis of Cancer","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.11.029","article-title":"Exploring the roles and molecular mechanisms of RNA binding proteins in the sorting of noncoding RNAs into exosomes during tumor progression","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063124","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles from Cerebrospinal Fluid of Leptomeningeal Metastasis patients deliver MiR-21 and Induce Methotrexate Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells","volume":"25","author":"Im","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-24-0052","article-title":"NSCLC Extracellular Vesicles Containing miR-374a-5p Promote Leptomeningeal Metastasis by Influencing Blood\u2012Brain Barrier Permeability","volume":"22","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04004-z","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21-mediated exosomal lnc-MMP2-2 increases blood\u2013brain barrier permeability via the miRNA-1207-5p\/EPB41L5 axis to promote non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0245","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosing or monitoring the progression of non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastases","volume":"1\u201322","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4860","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214860","article-title":"Exploratory Profiling of Extracellular MicroRNAs in Cerebrospinal Fluid Comparing Leptomeningeal Metastasis with Other Central nervous System Tumor Statuses","volume":"10","author":"Im","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020209","article-title":"Molecular Signature of Extracellular Vesicular Small Non-Coding RNAs Derived from Cerebrospinal Fluid of Leptomeningeal Metastasis patients: Functional Implication of miR-21 and other Small RNAs in Cancer Malignancy","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-026-10420-2","article-title":"Systematic review of extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy for leptomeningeal metastasis: current evidence and future directions","volume":"43","author":"Babel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S291611","article-title":"Serum Exosomal miRNA Might Be a Novel Liquid Biopsy to Identify Leptomeningeal Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"OncoTargets and Therapy."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2840","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of CSF from patients with Leptomeningeal Melanoma Metastases Identifies Signatures Associated with Disease Progression and Therapeutic Resistance","volume":"26","author":"Smalley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.025","article-title":"Complement Component 3 Adapts the Cerebrospinal Fluid for Leptomeningeal Metastasis","volume":"168","author":"Boire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06671-4","article-title":"Multimodal evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid from breast cancer leptomeningeal metastases using circulating tumor cell detection, single-cell sequencing, and proteomics","volume":"23","author":"Rahbarlayegh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114613","article-title":"Lipid-associated macrophages for osimertinib resistance and leptomeningeal metastases in NSCLC","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-023-02769-5","article-title":"ICAM2 initiates trans-blood-CSF barrier migration and stemness properties in leptomeningeal metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"42","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00858-2","article-title":"Dura immunity configures leptomeningeal metastasis immunosuppression for cerebrospinal fluid barrier invasion","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Cancer."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-026-09604-5","article-title":"The effect of preanalytical factors on cerebrospinal fluid and plasma proteomics: a systematic experimental study","volume":"23","author":"Tatsumi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0305","article-title":"Intrathecal pemetrexed for leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma: a clinical efficacy and multiplex liquid proteomics exploration study","volume":"30(10):oyaf291","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5221","article-title":"CEACAM6 serves as a biomarker for leptomeningeal metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0315","article-title":"Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid human epididymis protein 4 for leptomeningeal metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0320","article-title":"Lin X-w, Hu L-l. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid human epididymis protein 4 for leptomeningeal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective cohort study","volume":"26(1):1002","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0325","article-title":"Cellular landscape and diagnostic value of TROP2 in cerebrospinal fluid of lung adenocarcinoma leptomeningeal metastases","volume":"10(1):183","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"npj Precis. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e246","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.246","article-title":"Circulating tumor cell characterization of lung cancer brain metastases in the cerebrospinal fluid through single\u2010cell transcriptome analysis","volume":"10","author":"Ruan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5480","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0047","article-title":"Detection of driver and Resistance Mutations in Leptomeningeal Metastases of NSCLC by Next-Generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulating Tumor Cells","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0340","article-title":"Clinical Utility of a Circulating Tumor Cell\u2013Based Cerebrospinal Fluid Assay in the Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis of Leptomeningeal Disease in patients with Advanced Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Malhotra","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Precis. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2691-6","article-title":"EpCAM-based assays for epithelial tumor cell detection in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"137","author":"van Bussel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2025.115377","article-title":"Added prognostic value of circulating tumor cell numbers in CSF of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from epithelial tumors","volume":"220","author":"van Kessel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-024-04615-4","article-title":"Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid tumor cell count in leptomeningeal disease from solid tumors","volume":"167","author":"Barbour","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-022-03949-1","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of circulating tumor cells in cerebrospinal fluid as a clinical tool to predict survival in leptomeningeal metastases","volume":"157","author":"Diaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03555-z","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor cells as a quantifiable measurement of leptomeningeal metastases in patients with HER2 positive cancer","volume":"148","author":"Malani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0370","article-title":"Comprehensive RNA analysis of CSF reveals a role for CEACAM6 in lung cancer leptomeningeal metastases","volume":"5(1):90","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Precis. Oncol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16223746","article-title":"Multi-Omic Characterization of Single Cells and Cell-Free Components Detected in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of patients with Leptomeningeal Disease","volume":"16","author":"Shishido","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0380","article-title":"Utility of cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor cell quantification and next-generation sequencing in patients with suspicion for leptomeningeal disease","volume":"8(1):vdag046","author":"Onoichenco","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol. Adv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-019-00645-5","article-title":"Digital PCR-Based Detection of EGFR Mutations in Paired Plasma and CSF Samples of Lung Adenocarcinoma patients with Central nervous System Metastases","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Target. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1079796","article-title":"Comparison of the diagnostic value of liquid biopsy in leptomeningeal metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox066","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor cells: a novel tool to diagnose leptomeningeal metastases from epithelial tumors","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008751","article-title":"Circulating epithelial tumor cell analysis in CSF in patients with leptomeningeal metastases","volume":"94","author":"van Bussel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04134-7","article-title":"Intrathecal pemetrexed efficacy and cerebrospinal fluid tumor marker response in refractory leptomeningeal metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer: a single-arm phase II trial","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med."}],"container-title":["Lung Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500226007282?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169500226007282?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:46:04Z","timestamp":1792813564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169500226007282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S0169500226007282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-5002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-5002","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multi-omics liquid biopsy for leptomeningeal metastases in lung cancer: from molecular mechanisms to precision diagnosis and treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Lung Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2026.109667","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109667"}}