{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:41:30Z","timestamp":1791477690106,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mechanisms of Ageing and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:25:05Z","timestamp":1729643105000},"page":"111998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Challenges of infectious diseases in older adults: From immunosenescence and inflammaging through antibiotic resistance to management strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mancinetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Boccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Mecocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00966-0","article-title":"Precise quantification of bacterial strains after fecal microbiota transplantation delineates long-term engraftment and explains outcomes","author":"Aggarwala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.11.007","article-title":"Dendritic cells in human aging","volume":"42","author":"Agrawal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1159366","article-title":"Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections","volume":"7","author":"Akova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib4","unstructured":"Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P., 2002. Helper T Cells and Lymphocyte Activation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105426","article-title":"How behavioural ageing affects infectious disease","volume":"155","author":"Albery","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22053","article-title":"Vancomycin vs metronidazole use for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","author":"Alhameed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib7","article-title":"Healthcare challenges in LMICs: addressing antibiotic resistance threats, a call for comprehensive global solutions: an editorial","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J. Surg. 110, 3085"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.08.008","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for urinary tract infection in women at reproductive age","volume":"27","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2011.01.009","article-title":"Age-related changes in natural killer cell receptors from childhood through old age","volume":"72","author":"Almeida-Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1159\/000479089","article-title":"Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"94","author":"Almirall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080949","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance profile of RT 027\/176 versus other clostridioides difficile isolates in silesia, Southern Poland","volume":"11","author":"Aptekorz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.265","article-title":"Improving outcomes in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia by adhering to national guidelines: community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization International cohort study results","volume":"169","author":"Arnold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726","article-title":"Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation","volume":"504","author":"Arpaia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S149089","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection in the elderly: an update on management","volume":"12","author":"Asempa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Inter. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16568","article-title":"Comparison of the hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection risk of using proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor antagonists for prophylaxis and treatment of stress ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Azab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7443","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S328628","article-title":"Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease may be favoured by the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the enteroglial network","volume":"14","author":"Bassotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220102","article-title":"Differential responses to interleukin 2 define functionally distinct subsets of human natural killer cells","volume":"22","author":"Baume","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib18","first-page":"300","article-title":"Acute pyelonephritis","author":"Belyayeva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Uropathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad332","article-title":"Definitions of urinary tract infection in current research: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Bilsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pharmacological interactions in the elderly","volume":"56","author":"B\u0142eszy\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. (Kaunas. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00223-2018","article-title":"Association of atypical antipsychotics and mortality for patients hospitalised with pneumonia","volume":"5","author":"Boivin","year":"2019","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib22","unstructured":"Bono, M.J., Leslie, S.W., Reygaert, W.C., 2023. Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections 10\u201313."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.13.1465","article-title":"Predicting death in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective validation study reevaluating the crb-65 severity assessment tool","volume":"168","author":"Bont","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-019-04478-5","article-title":"Evolving strategies to manage clostridium difficile colitis","volume":"24","author":"Bowman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-019-0309-6","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors and 180-day mortality in the elderly after Clostridium difficile treatment","volume":"11","author":"Bradley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302064","article-title":"Age-related decrease in TCR repertoire diversity measured with deep and normalized sequence profiling","volume":"192","author":"Britanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14510","article-title":"The antibiotic resistance crisis and the development of new antibiotics","volume":"17","author":"Br\u00fcssow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Micro Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2023","key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib28","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of antibacterial agents in the elderly: the body of evidence","volume":"11","author":"Butranova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-57","article-title":"Predictive factors of urinary tract infections among the oldest old in the general population. A population-based prospective follow-up study","volume":"9","author":"Caljouw","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-022-00321-9","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional alterations of monocyte subsets with aging","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3400476","article-title":"Laboratory Tests for the Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile","volume":"33","author":"Carroll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Colon Rectal Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13152","article-title":"Skin barrier immunity and ageing","volume":"160","author":"Chambers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-020-00312-7","article-title":"Communicating benefits from vaccines beyond preventing infectious diseases","volume":"9","author":"Chevalier-Cottin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-3-10","article-title":"Ageing is associated with a decline in peripheral blood CD56bright NK cells","volume":"3","author":"Chidrawar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2019.60.5.407","article-title":"COPD as a Disease of Immunosenescence","volume":"60","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2491-9","article-title":"Influenza virus-related critical illness: prevention, diagnosis, treatment","volume":"23","author":"Chow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2018.10.010","article-title":"Vaccination in the elderly: the challenge of immune changes with aging","volume":"40","author":"Ciabattini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0126-2019","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia in critically ill very old patients: a growing problem","volume":"29","author":"Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib39","article-title":"Characteristics and management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of global aging","volume":"6","author":"Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13112","article-title":"Age-related changes to macrophages are detrimental to fracture healing in mice","volume":"19","author":"Clark","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2017.00065","article-title":"Age-associated decline in dendritic cell function and the impact of mediterranean diet intervention in elderly subjects","volume":"4","author":"Clements","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6039171","article-title":"The role of immunosenescence in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"2018","author":"Costantini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.12.010","article-title":"Healthcare-associated infection in Irish long-term care facilities: results from the First National Prevalence Study","volume":"80","author":"Cotter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01081","article-title":"HLA-Class II Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells in CD4+ T cell-based immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Couture","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib45","first-page":"97","article-title":"Usefulness of the CRB-65 scale for prognosis assessment of patients 65 years or older with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"135","author":"Crcoles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Clin. (Barc. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110632","article-title":"Immunosenescence: a systems-level overview of immune cell biology and strategies for improving vaccine responses","volume":"124","author":"Crooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.21.2514","article-title":"Infectious disease hospitalizations among older adults in the United States from 1990 through 2002","volume":"165","author":"Curns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03539-6","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection: review","volume":"38","author":"Czepiel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000739","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"37","author":"Dalal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.20","article-title":"New and developing diagnostic technologies for urinary tract infections","volume":"14","author":"Davenport","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12418","article-title":"European society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases: update of the treatment guidance document for clostridium difficile infection","volume":"20","author":"Debast","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123701","article-title":"Inflammation-accelerated senescence and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms and perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Del Pinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21508","article-title":"Markers and function of human NK cells in normal and pathological conditions","volume":"92","author":"Del Zotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytom. B Clin. Cytom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social isolation of older persons and their well being: case of rwamucuucu sub-county, rukiga district, Uganda","author":"Dianah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open J. Soc. Sci. 7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02949.x","article-title":"Pathways regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil survival revealed by lentiviral transduction of primary human neutrophils","volume":"127","author":"Dick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4304","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15750","article-title":"Experiences of poverty amongst low-income older adults living in a high-income country: a qualitative study","volume":"79","author":"Dobarrio-Sanz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.08.005","article-title":"Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Review and Commentary of a National Academies Report","volume":"28","author":"Donovan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.07.003","article-title":"Clostridium difficile in older adults","volume":"31","author":"Donskey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0358","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"86","author":"Doron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012428","article-title":"Peripheral B cells repress B-cell regeneration in aging through a TNF-\u03b1\/IGFBP-1\/IGF-1 immune-endocrine axis","volume":"138","author":"Dowery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14094","article-title":"Prescribing medicines to older people\u2014How to consider the impact of ageing on human organ and body functions","volume":"86","author":"Drenth-van Maanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01973-8","article-title":"Meta-analysis of gut microbiome studies identifies disease-specific and shared responses","volume":"8","author":"Duvallet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.6.M266","article-title":"Risk factors and consequences of bacteriuria in non-catheterized nursing home residents","volume":"48","author":"Eberle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.07.017","article-title":"Influence of aging and environment on presentation of infection in older adults","volume":"31","author":"El Chakhtoura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-6-12","article-title":"Determinants of short and long term functional recovery after hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: role of inflammatory markers","volume":"6","author":"El Solh","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.733564","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells and natural killer cells in bacterial infections: function, dysregulation, and therapeutic targets","volume":"11","author":"Elemam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/05-056","article-title":"Malnutrition in the elderly: a multifactorial failure to thrive","volume":"9","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230950","article-title":"Increased cytokine production in mononuclear cells of healthy elderly people","volume":"23","author":"Fagiolo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.02.022","article-title":"Considerations for the optimal management of antibiotic therapy in elderly patients","volume":"22","author":"Falcone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2011.0356","article-title":"Characteristics of the Aging Skin","volume":"2","author":"Farage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib71","article-title":"Links between inflammation and immune functioning with cognitive status among older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study","volume":"26","author":"Farina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12301-020-00111-z","article-title":"Deep insights into urinary tract infections and effective natural remedies","volume":"27","author":"Fazly Bazzaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr. J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191721","article-title":"Severe community-acquired pneumonia: characteristics and prognostic factors in ventilated and non-ventilated patients","volume":"13","author":"Ferrer","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","article-title":"Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty","volume":"15","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283304eb6","article-title":"Genetics of Susceptibility to Infection with Enteric Pathogens","volume":"22","author":"Flores","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1310\/sci2503-228","article-title":"Pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection","volume":"25","author":"Flores-Mireles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Top. Spinal Cord. Inj. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1067\/mda.2003.7","article-title":"Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs","volume":"49","author":"Foxman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dis. Mon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x","article-title":"Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence","volume":"908","author":"Franceschi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.09.005","article-title":"Inflammaging and \u201cGarb-aging","volume":"28","author":"Franceschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00823-y","article-title":"The complex relationship between Immunosenescence and Inflammaging: special issue on the New Biomedical Perspectives","volume":"42","author":"Franceschi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-011620-034148","article-title":"B cell immunosenescence","volume":"36","author":"Frasca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.08.007","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance","volume":"10","author":"Frieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008793","article-title":"Interplay between hereditary and acquired factors determines the neutrophil counts in older individuals","volume":"7","author":"Gagnon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5706","article-title":"Recurrent lower urinary tract infections: more than an infection for older women","volume":"53","author":"Ganida\u011fli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2019.002","article-title":"Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin for resistant urinary tract infections: old drugs for emerging problems","volume":"42","author":"Gardiner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust. Prescr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00527","article-title":"Immunity to pathogens taught by specialized human dendritic cell subsets","volume":"6","author":"Geginat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2024.12713","article-title":"Atypical pneumonia (Review)","volume":"28","author":"Georgakopoulou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med"},{"issue":"2744-2756","key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib88","article-title":"Clostridium difficile Infection","volume":"2","author":"Gerding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mandel, Douglas, Bennett\u2019S. Princ. Pract. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l525","article-title":"Antibiotic management of urinary tract infection in elderly patients in primary care and its association with bloodstream infections and all cause mortality: population based cohort study","author":"Gharbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ 364"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00605-x","article-title":"The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing","volume":"19","author":"Ghosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"2023","key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12101557","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship in the hospital setting: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Giamarellou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199325060-00005","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with antimicrobial agents","volume":"25","author":"Gillum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010236","article-title":"A review of micronutrients and the immune system-working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection","volume":"12","author":"Gombart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.08.033","article-title":"Clinical relevance of metronidazole and peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"51","author":"Goolsby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13288","article-title":"Use of oral antidiabetic agents and risk of community-acquired pneumonia: a nested case-control study","volume":"83","author":"Gorricho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000155595.98120.8e","article-title":"Urologic diseases in america project: trends in resource use for urinary tract infections in men","volume":"173","author":"Griebling","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2018.04.001","article-title":"Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Pneumonia","volume":"45","author":"Grief","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prim. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.18115","article-title":"Risk factors associated with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus 13"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib99","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Respiratory infections in the aging lung: implications for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention","volume":"14","author":"H\u00e4der","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030295","article-title":"The risk of clostridioides difficile recurrence after initial treatment with vancomycin or fidaxomicin utilizing cerner health facts","volume":"11","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00256-4","article-title":"Telomere shortening triggers senescence of human cells through a pathway involving ATM, p53, and p21(CIP1), but not p16(INK4a)","volume":"14","author":"Herbig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heuler, J., Chandra, H., Sun, X., 2023. Mucosal Vaccination Strategies against Clostridioides difficile Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/VACCINES11050887\/S1.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11050887"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib103","article-title":"The phagocytic function of macrophage-enforcing innate immunity and tissue homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Hirayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.9909121","article-title":"The effect of aging on nasal mucociliary clearance, beat frequency, and ultrastructure of respiratory cilia","volume":"163","author":"Ho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2019.07.002","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant community-acquired bacterial pneumonia","volume":"33","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.03.95","article-title":"Risk factors for uroseptic shock in hospitalized patients aged over 80 years with urinary tract infection","volume":"8","author":"Hsiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.63246","article-title":"Risk of pneumonia is associated with antipsychotic drug use among older patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J. Med Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247456","article-title":"Antibiotics and the nervous system\u2014which face of antibiotic therapy is real, Dr. Jekyll (Neurotoxicity) or Mr. Hyde (Neuroprotection)?","volume":"26","author":"Hurkacz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080734","article-title":"Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination in adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Huss","year":"2009","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.182","article-title":"Diagnostic markers for community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"Ito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.07.045","article-title":"Predictors of urinary tract infection after menopause: a prospective study","volume":"117","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2009.07.005","article-title":"Aging is associated with a numerical and functional decline in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, whereas myeloid dendritic cells are relatively unaltered in human peripheral blood","volume":"70","author":"Jing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1180","article-title":"Ageing, autoimmunity and arthritis: Senescence of the B cell compartment \u2013 implications for humoral immunity","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15248","article-title":"Infectious diseases in older adults of long-term care facilities: update on approach to diagnosis and management","volume":"66","author":"Jump","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-119894","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection: epidemiology, clinical presentation, therapy and prevention","volume":"143","author":"Kaffarnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zent. Chir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib116","article-title":"First isolation of Clostridium difficile 027 in Japan","volume":"12","author":"Kato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Surveill."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.05.025","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"87","author":"Keddis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133328","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: an overview of mechanisms of activation and regulation","volume":"20","author":"Kelley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib119","article-title":"Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"2014","author":"Kew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49935","article-title":"Impact of antimicrobial stewardship on reducing antimicrobial resistance","author":"Khadse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus 15"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S321168","article-title":"Urinary antigen testing for respiratory infections: current perspectives on utility and limitations","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.6.3342","article-title":"B cell maintenance in aged mice reflects both increased B cell longevity and decreased B cell generation","volume":"162","author":"Kline","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-018-1432-y","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia as predictor of recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"131","author":"Knafl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Woche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib124","first-page":"216","article-title":"Pneumococcal disease burden from an Indian perspective: need for its prevention in pulmonology practice","volume":"36","author":"Koul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavan, A.H., Gallagher, P., 2015. Predicting risk of adverse drug reactions in older adults. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/2042098615615472 7, 11\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2042098615615472.","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098615615472"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib126","article-title":"The Balance of Th17 versus Treg Cells in Autoimmunity","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1403772","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"372","author":"Leffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110576","article-title":"Age-associated alterations in immune function and inflammation","volume":"118","author":"Lewis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127221","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Streptococcus pneumoniae: an updated review","volume":"266","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib130","first-page":"60","article-title":"Elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia are not treated according to current guidelines","author":"Lindhardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dan. Med J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.65","article-title":"Ageing and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Loeser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheuma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/925135","article-title":"CD4+T cells: differentiation and functions","volume":"2012","author":"Luckheeram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-018-0130-y","article-title":"Immunosenescence and lymphomagenesis","volume":"15","author":"Mancuso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040623","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: the current scenario and future prospects","volume":"12","author":"Mancuso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.328","article-title":"Aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia in the elderly","volume":"124","author":"Marik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00413-7","article-title":"Harnessing natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: dispatching the first responders","volume":"21","author":"Maskalenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.09.020","article-title":"Neurotoxicity with antimicrobials in the elderly: a review","volume":"36","author":"Mattappalil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.3.8058954","article-title":"Radiographic appearance of Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR strain) respiratory infections. CBPIS study group. community-based pneumonia incidence study","volume":"192","author":"McConnell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1085","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for clostridium difficile infection in adults and children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA)","volume":"66","author":"McDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001397","article-title":"Inside the mucosal immune system","volume":"10","author":"McGhee","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074950","article-title":"The dendritic cell lineage: ontogeny and function of dendritic cells and their subsets in the steady state and the inflamed setting","volume":"31","author":"Merad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E45","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. an official clinical practice guideline of the american thoracic society and infectious diseases Society of America","volume":"200","author":"Metlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad413","article-title":"Comparison of different antibiotics and the risk for community-associated clostridioides difficile infection: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib144","article-title":"Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults","volume":"2013","author":"Moberley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib145","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in italy over the past five years: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Montalti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biologics 2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.05.042","article-title":"Effectiveness of a combination of cranberries, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and vitamin C for the management of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: results of a pilot study","volume":"70","author":"Montorsi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S153458","article-title":"The epidemiology of polypharmacy in older adults: register-based prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Morin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1086\/501886","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in long-term-care facilities","volume":"22","author":"Nicolle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2016.03.002","article-title":"Urinary Tract Infections in the Older Adult","volume":"32","author":"Nicolle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz021","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria: 2019 update by the infectious diseases Society of America","author":"Nicolle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. 68, E83\u2013E75"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63618-3","article-title":"Utility of pneumonia severity assessment tools for mortality prediction in healthcare-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Noguchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082764","article-title":"Malnutrition in Older Adults\u2014Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges","volume":"13","author":"Norman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.07.014","article-title":"The methodology of surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections in Europe (SUSPIRE): a systematic review of publicly available information","volume":"24","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aprim.2012.12.005","article-title":"Utilidad de la escala de severidad modificada CRB75 en el manejo del paciente anciano con neumon\u00eda adquirida en la comunidad","volume":"45","author":"Ochoa Gondar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aten. Prima"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020325","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of spices popularly used in Mexico against urinary tract infections","volume":"12","author":"Ortega-Lozano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01603-y","article-title":"Characteristics of viral pneumonia in the COVID-19 era: an update","volume":"49","author":"Pagliano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91617-2.00003-1","article-title":"Aging and the immune system","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol., Cell., Metab. Fundam. Hum. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.137","article-title":"Strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update","volume":"44","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2010.06.012","article-title":"Immunosenescence and cancer","volume":"75","author":"Pawelec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1647-1650.2002","article-title":"Reassessment of Clostridium difficile Susceptibility to Metronidazole and Vancomycin","volume":"46","author":"Pel\u00e1ez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02250-16","article-title":"Update on antimicrobial resistance in clostridium difficile: resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing","volume":"55","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005131.pub2","article-title":"Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women","author":"Perrotta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1810327","article-title":"Inflammaging as a druggable target: a senescence-associated secretory phenotype-centered view of type 2 diabetes","volume":"2016","author":"Prattichizzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00591","article-title":"Age-related changes in the natural killer cell response to seasonal influenza vaccination are not influenced by a synbiotic: A randomised controlled trial","author":"Przemska-Kosicka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol. 8, 339810"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.06.002","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection in diabetes","volume":"105","author":"Qu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin. Pr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.972930","article-title":"Application of recombinant antibodies for treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: Current status and future perspective","volume":"13","author":"Raeisi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39029","article-title":"Antibiotics associated with clostridium difficile infection","author":"Rafey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus 15"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib168","article-title":"Geriatric evaluation and treatment of age-related cognitive decline","author":"Randhawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"StatPearls"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.04.002","article-title":"Immune senescence, epigenetics and autoimmunity","volume":"196","author":"Ray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00586","article-title":"Age and age-related diseases: role of inflammation triggers and cytokines","volume":"9","author":"Rea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfimm\/iqab007","article-title":"Vaccine responses in ageing and chronic viral infection","volume":"2","author":"Rees-Spear","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxf. Open Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib172","article-title":"Pattern of antibacterial resistance in urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Reza Mortazavi-Tabatabaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J. Prev. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.6.9702005","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Clinical and nutritional aspects","volume":"156","author":"Riquelme","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051","article-title":"A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people","volume":"173","author":"Rockwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib175","article-title":"Magnitude and determinants of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors among portuguese older adults in primary health care","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2020-4-13","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in the elderly: a review of disease characteristics and current treatment options","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez-Ma\u00f1as","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S90727","article-title":"Anemia in the frail, elderly patient","author":"R\u00f6hrig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Inter. Aging 11"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib178","first-page":"182","article-title":"Update in female hormonal therapy: what the urologist should know: NYU case of the Month, December 2020","volume":"22","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2217\/ahe.13.38","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Rowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61459-6","article-title":"Viral pneumonia","volume":"377","author":"Ruuskanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib181","article-title":"Pseudomembranous Colitis","author":"Salen","year":"2023","journal-title":"StatPearls"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102826","article-title":"Successful aging: insights from proteome analyses of healthy centenarians","volume":"12","author":"Santos-Lozano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1159\/000368897","article-title":"Mucosal Immunosenescence in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Mini-Review","volume":"61","author":"Sato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib184","first-page":"942","article-title":"Bacterial Pneumonia","volume":"7","author":"Sattar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res J. Pharm. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2013.09.003","article-title":"The Th17\/Treg balance is disturbed during aging","volume":"48","author":"Schmitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807007832","article-title":"Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in German adults: the impact of children in the household","volume":"135","author":"Schnoor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu125","article-title":"NAP1 strain type predicts outcomes from Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"58","author":"See","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830201203","article-title":"In vitro analysis of age-related changes in the developmental potential of bone marrow thymocyte progenitors","volume":"20","author":"Sharp","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2010.10.007","article-title":"Dysregulation of human toll-like receptor function in aging","volume":"10","author":"Shaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.07.024","article-title":"The role of glutamate dehydrogenase for the detection of Clostridium difficile in faecal samples: a meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Shetty","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374279-7.14009-3","article-title":"Activation of CD8 T Lymphocytes during Viral Infections","author":"Sigal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Encycl. Immunobiol. 4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0907627","article-title":"The frequency of regulatory CD3+CD8+CD28- CD25+ T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood increases with age","volume":"84","author":"Simone","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib193","first-page":"3","article-title":"Management of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults","volume":"2","author":"Simonetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.06.001","article-title":"SHEA\/APIC Guideline: infection prevention and control in the long-term care facility","volume":"36","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib195","first-page":"155","article-title":"Challenges in the vaccination of the elderly and strategies for improvement","volume":"30","author":"Soegiarto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathophysiology 2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-023-01019-3","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of antimicrobial agents in the older patient","volume":"40","author":"Soraci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib197","article-title":"Correlation between antibiotic consumption and the occurrence of multidrug-resistant organisms in a Malaysian tertiary hospital: a 3-year observational study","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v12i1.3439","article-title":"ThE Positive Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitors And Clostridium Difficile Infection","volume":"12","author":"Tawam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2018.02.023","article-title":"Risk factors for aquiring multidrug-resistant organisms in urinary tract infections: A systematic literature review","volume":"26","author":"Tenney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1217306","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors may enhance the risk of digestive diseases by regulating intestinal microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204282","article-title":"Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Europe: a literature review","volume":"68","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30396-1","article-title":"Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory tract infections in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"17","author":"Troeger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.12.009","article-title":"Nursing home-associated infections in Department of Veterans Affairs community living centers","volume":"38","author":"Tsan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxx001","article-title":"Rejuvenation of mucosal immunosenescence by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"29","author":"Tsuruhara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.15419\/bmrat.v5i5.440","article-title":"The pattern of antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from urine cultures of patients referred to Yazd Central Laboratory in 2012-2013","volume":"5","author":"Vakili","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1086\/655472","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus induces systemic immune activation characterized by a type 1 cytokine signature","volume":"202","author":"Van De Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/cjhr.cjhr_15_19","article-title":"Clinical profile and predictors of mortality in the elderly with community-acquired pneumonia at a tertiary care hospital in South India","volume":"7","author":"Vanjare","year":"2020","journal-title":"CHRISMED J. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib208","unstructured":"Varghese, D., Ishida, C., Patel, P., Koya, H.H., 2024. Polypharmacy. Home-Based Medical Care for Older Adults: A Clinical Case Book 105\u2013110. https:\/\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1159\/000478012","article-title":"Autoimmunity in the Elderly: Insights from Basic Science and Clinics - A Mini-Review","volume":"63","author":"Watad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05256-z","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance-non-antibiotic approaches: a systemic review","volume":"300","author":"Wawrysiuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.05.027","article-title":"Effect of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on outcomes for patients with clostridium difficile infection","volume":"44","author":"Welch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.67.1.40","article-title":"Effect of age on human neutrophil function","volume":"67","author":"Wenisch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2000.00261.x","article-title":"Macrolide \u2013 induced clinically relevant drug interactions with cytochrome P-450A (CYP) 3A4: an update focused on clarithromycin, azithromycin and dirithromycin","volume":"50","author":"Westphal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WHO, 2014. Antimicrobial resistance. Global report on surveillance. World Health Organization 61, 12\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13312-014-0374-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-014-0374-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602615","article-title":"Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection","volume":"317","author":"Wilcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.01.006","article-title":"Frailty and sarcopenia: the potential role of an aged immune system","volume":"36","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0406-6","article-title":"Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Wirbel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8426874","article-title":"An update on inflamm-aging: mechanisms, prevention, and treatment","volume":"2016","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-22-65","article-title":"Diagnostic value of different urine tests for urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081742","article-title":"Markers of T cell senescence in humans","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib221","first-page":"524","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Xun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib222","first-page":"302","article-title":"The complexity of loneliness","volume":"89","author":"Yanguas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14731","article-title":"Geriatric infectious diseases: current concepts on diagnosis and management","volume":"65","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1392-4","article-title":"Multidrug resistance, inappropriate empiric therapy, and hospital mortality in Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia and sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Zilberberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"}],"container-title":["Mechanisms of Ageing and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047637424000988?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047637424000988?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T09:31:21Z","timestamp":1732959081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0047637424000988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":224,"alternative-id":["S0047637424000988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-6374","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Challenges of infectious diseases in older adults: From immunosenescence and inflammaging through antibiotic resistance to management strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mechanisms of Ageing and Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111998","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111998"}}