{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:57:04Z","timestamp":1791233824108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Aspects of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,18]],"date-time":"2011-11-18T14:03:52Z","timestamp":1321625032000},"page":"83-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":288,"title":["Neuroinflammation: Modulation by flavonoids and mechanisms of action"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jeremy P.E.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Vafeiadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Vauzour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01137-1","article-title":"Uptake and metabolism of epicatechin and its access to the brain after oral ingestion","volume":"33","author":"Abd El Mohsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5794","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5794","article-title":"Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate mediates T cellular NF-kappa B inhibition and exerts neuroprotection in autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"173","author":"Aktas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000064320.73388.C6","article-title":"Increased expression of neuronal apolipoprotein E in human brain with cerebral infarction","volume":"34","author":"Aoki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-931563","article-title":"Ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 inhibit the activation of AP-1 and protein kinase A pathway in lipopolysaccharide\/interferon-gamma-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells","volume":"72","author":"Bae","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05542.x","article-title":"Dietary flavonoid (\u2212)epicatechin stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent anti-oxidant response element activity and up-regulates glutathione in cortical astrocytes","volume":"106","author":"Bahia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5021","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0619","article-title":"Estrogen modulates microglial inflammatory mediator production via interactions with estrogen receptor beta","volume":"145","author":"Baker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-3042.2001.00675.x","article-title":"Stimulation of the NADPH oxidase in activated rat microglia removes nitric oxide but induces peroxynitrite production","volume":"80","author":"Bal-Price","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1038\/42257","article-title":"Microglial activation by Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and modulation by apolipoprotein E","volume":"388","author":"Barger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506","article-title":"Nuclear factor-kappa B: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"336","author":"Barnes","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703626","article-title":"Neuroprotective abilities of resveratrol and other red wine constituents against nitric oxide-related toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons","volume":"131","author":"Bastianetto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29584","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204994200","volume":"277","author":"Bhat","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-05-01633.1998","article-title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in endotoxin-stimulated primary glial cultures","volume":"18","author":"Bhat","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0351119","article-title":"Mechanisms of inflammatory neurodegeneration: iNOS and NADPH oxidase","volume":"35","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1385\/MN:27:3:325","article-title":"Inflammatory neurodegeneration mediated by nitric oxide, glutamate, and mitochondria","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2620","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and its receptors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: pathways, pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"10","author":"Bu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21503","article-title":"Resveratrol and quercetin, two natural polyphenols, reduce apoptotic neuronal cell death induced by neuroinflammation","volume":"86","author":"Bureau","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2007.04.006","article-title":"Positron emission tomography imaging of neuroinflammation","volume":"4","author":"Cagnin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01294-5","article-title":"Ibuprofen protects dopaminergic neurons against glutamate toxicity in vitro","volume":"289","author":"Casper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02088.x","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and beta-amyloid (1\u201342) regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta","volume":"87","author":"Cedazo-Minguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(00)00128-5","article-title":"Effects of apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms, beta-amyloid (Abeta) and apoE\/Abeta complexes on protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) translocation and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and fibroblasts","volume":"38","author":"Cedazo-Minguez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/35065000","article-title":"Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades","volume":"410","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2010.10.011","article-title":"Naringenin more effectively inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages than in microglia","volume":"30","author":"Chao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2003.10.010","article-title":"Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by baicalein in endotoxin\/cytokine-stimulated microglia","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.8.1059","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of Parkinson disease","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.11.045","article-title":"Biochanin A protects dopaminergic neurons against lipopolysaccharide-induced damage through inhibition of microglia activation and proinflammatory factors generation","volume":"417","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.10.046","article-title":"Luteolin protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation-induced injury through inhibition of microglial activation","volume":"448","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2008.07.001","article-title":"Protective effect of isoflavones from Trifolium pratense on dopaminergic neurons","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.08.005","article-title":"Inhibition of iNOS gene expression by quercetin is mediated by the inhibition of I kappa B kinase, nuclear factor-kappa B and STAT1, and depends on heme oxygenase-1 induction in mouse BV-2 microglia","volume":"521","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.01.110","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory roles of retinoic acid in rat brain astrocytes: suppression of interferon-gamma-induced JAK\/STAT phosphorylation","volume":"329","author":"Choi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02977718","article-title":"Synthetic wogonin derivatives suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity","volume":"28","author":"Chun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2697(02)00275-0","article-title":"Measurement of intact sulfate and glucuronide phytoestrogen conjugates in human urine using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with [13C(3)]isoflavone internal standards","volume":"309","author":"Clarke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443","article-title":"Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in late onset families","volume":"261","author":"Corder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2010.09.007","article-title":"Bioavailability of dietary flavonoids and phenolic compounds","volume":"31","author":"Crozier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23658","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M513646200","article-title":"MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 deficiency in microglia inhibits pro-inflammatory mediator release and resultant neurotoxicity. Relevance to neuroinflammation in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease","volume":"281","author":"Culbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2006.02.013","article-title":"Triptolide inhibits COX-2 expression via NF-kappa B pathway in astrocytes","volume":"55","author":"Dai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2005.04.005","article-title":"Effects of mechanistically distinct NF-kappa B inhibitors on glial inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression","volume":"12","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760100301441","article-title":"Human metabolism of dietary flavonoids: identification of plasma metabolites of quercetin","volume":"35","author":"Day","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1169","article-title":"JAK\/STAT signaling pathway mediates cytokine-induced iNOS expression in primary astroglial cell cultures","volume":"65","author":"Dell\u2019Albani","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-7-3","article-title":"Luteolin triggers global changes in the microglial transcriptome leading to a unique anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective phenotype","volume":"7","author":"Dirscherl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6171","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.10.6171","article-title":"Central role of transcription factor NF-IL6 for cytokine and iron-mediated regulation of murine inducible nitric oxide synthase expression","volume":"162","author":"Dlaska","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1998.0352","article-title":"Regulation by endogenous INTERLEUKIN-10 of the expression of nitric oxide synthase induced after ligation of CD23 in human macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Dugas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00501-1","article-title":"Redox regulation of NF-kappa B activation","volume":"22","author":"Flohe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.032","article-title":"Microglia induce neural cell death via a proximity-dependent mechanism involving nitric oxide","volume":"1084","author":"Gibbons","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.016","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration","volume":"140","author":"Glass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06952.x","article-title":"Inhibition of CCAAT\/enhancer binding protein delta expression by chrysin in microglial cells results in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects","volume":"115","author":"Gresa-Arribas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:23:3:205","article-title":"A dual role for apolipoprotein e in neuroinflammation: anti- and pro-inflammatory activity","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.10.005","article-title":"Apigenin inhibits the production of NO and PGE2 in microglia and inhibits neuronal cell death in a middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal ischemia mice model","volume":"52","author":"Ha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch, E.C., Hunot, S., Hartmann, A., 2005. Neuroinflammatory processes in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 11 (Suppl. 1), S9\u2013S15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.10.013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.03007.x","article-title":"Multiple pathways of apolipoprotein E signaling in primary neurons","volume":"93","author":"Hoe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FPJ04053X","article-title":"(+)-Catechin, an ingredient of green tea, protects murine microglia from oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest","volume":"98","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.50698","article-title":"Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of polyhydroxyflavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI","volume":"70","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-09-03440.1999","article-title":"FcepsilonRII\/CD23 is expressed in Parkinson\u2019s disease and induces, in vitro, production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in glial cells","volume":"19","author":"Hunot","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.08.057","article-title":"Baicalein suppresses hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein accumulation and activation through inhibition of reactive oxygen species and PI 3-kinase\/Akt pathway in BV2 murine microglial cells","volume":"444","author":"Hwang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-3042.2001.00691.x","article-title":"Regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression by CD40 ligation in BV-2 microglial cells","volume":"80","author":"Jana","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.123273","article-title":"Luteolin inhibits microglia and alters hippocampal-dependent spatial working memory in aged mice","volume":"140","author":"Jang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7534","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802865105","article-title":"Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and activation of AP-1","volume":"105","author":"Jang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2008.05.106","article-title":"Synthesis of azaisoflavones and their inhibitory activities of NO production in activated microglia","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8114","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-18-08114.1999","article-title":"Reversals of age-related declines in neuronal signal transduction, cognitive, and motor behavioral deficits with blueberry, spinach, or strawberry dietary supplementation","volume":"19","author":"Joseph","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21047","article-title":"MAPK signal transduction underlying brain inflammation and gliosis as therapeutic target","volume":"292","author":"Kaminska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.94.325","article-title":"Curcumin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by inhibiting activator protein 1 and nuclear factor kappa b bindings in BV2 microglial cells","volume":"94","author":"Kang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.12.014","article-title":"Inhibition of nitric oxide production by quercetin in endotoxin\/cytokine-stimulated microglia","volume":"86","author":"Kao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.11.2582","article-title":"Anthocyanins exist in the circulation primarily as metabolites in adult men","volume":"135","author":"Kay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-009-1609-z","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against beta-amyloid-induced oxidative and nitrosative cell death via augmentation of antioxidant defense capacity","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02028-6","article-title":"The plant flavonoid wogonin suppresses death of activated C6 rat glial cells by inhibiting nitric oxide production","volume":"309","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.06.026","article-title":"The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-873145","article-title":"Luteolin inhibits LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in BV-2 microglial cells","volume":"72","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-008-9344-4","article-title":"Rutin supplementation in the diet has protective effects against toxicant-induced hippocampal injury by suppression of microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines: protective effect of rutin against toxicant-induced hippocampal injury","volume":"29","author":"Koda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2004.02.001","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase\/Akt and GSK-3 mediated cytoprotective effect of epigallocatechin gallate on oxidative stress-injured neuronal-differentiated N18D3 cells","volume":"25","author":"Koh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10151","article-title":"Role of p38 and p44\/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases in microglia","volume":"40","author":"Koistinaho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)10049-7","article-title":"Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS","volume":"19","author":"Kreutzberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.1.15","article-title":"How should we assess the effects of exposure to dietary polyphenols in vitro?","volume":"80","author":"Kroon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1210\/en.139.10.4252","article-title":"Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta","volume":"139","author":"Kuiper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21205","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of blueberry extract on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 microglia","volume":"85","author":"Lau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0057fje","article-title":"Flavonoid wogonin from medicinal herb is neuroprotective by inhibiting inflammatory activation of microglia","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.10.012","article-title":"(\u2212)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced elevation of beta-amyloid generation and memory deficiency","volume":"1250","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.11.5.603","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for stroke: failures and future","volume":"11","author":"Legos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30574","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202832200","article-title":"Involvement of protein kinase C activation and cell survival\/cell cycle genes in green tea polyphenol (\u2212)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate neuroprotective action","volume":"277","author":"Levites","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00490.x","article-title":"Green tea polyphenol (\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents N-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration","volume":"78","author":"Levites","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0213-0","article-title":"Inhibition of microglial activation by the herbal flavonoid baicalein attenuates inflammation-mediated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/nri910","article-title":"NF-kappa B regulation in the immune system","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20315","article-title":"(\u2212)-Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation and protects against inflammation-mediated dopaminergic neuronal injury","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000128089.53030.AC","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E controls the risk and age at onset of Parkinson disease","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10048-004-0193-0","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E is associated with age at onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1179\/147683009X423274","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of daidzein on primary astroglial cell culture","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.12.007","article-title":"Inhibition of hemolysate-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression by genistein through suppression of NF-small ka, Cyrillic B activation in primary astrocytes","volume":"278","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2754","article-title":"Quercetin activates AMP-activated protein kinase by reducing PP2C expression protecting old mouse brain against high cholesterol-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"222","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48529","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306923200","article-title":"APOE genotype and an ApoE-mimetic peptide modify the systemic and central nervous system inflammatory response","volume":"278","author":"Lynch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-6568(01)00262-5","article-title":"TNF receptor subtype signalling: differences and cellular consequences","volume":"14","author":"MacEwan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-3-10","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E-specific innate immune response in astrocytes from targeted replacement mice","volume":"3","author":"Maezawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5423fje","article-title":"Neurotoxicity from innate immune response is greatest with targeted replacement of E4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene and is mediated by microglial p38MAPK","volume":"20","author":"Maezawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16568","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607822103","article-title":"Flavonoid fisetin promotes ERK-dependent long-term potentiation and enhances memory","volume":"103","author":"Maher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.230S","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies","volume":"81","author":"Manach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200500156","article-title":"Green tea catechins as brain-permeable, natural iron chelators\u2013antioxidants for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"50","author":"Mandel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000085385","article-title":"Multifunctional activities of green tea catechins in neuroprotection. Modulation of cell survival genes, iron-dependent oxidative stress and PKC signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Mandel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosignals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-2-20","article-title":"Activation of microglial NADPH oxidase is synergistic with glial iNOS expression in inducing neuronal death: a dual-key mechanism of inflammatory neurodegeneration","volume":"2","author":"Mander","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10168","article-title":"Cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in astroglia: role of Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-kappa B","volume":"41","author":"Marcus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00124-6","article-title":"Inflammatory processes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"McGeer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.9.901","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases","volume":"63","author":"Minghetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03988.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide, cell bioenergetics and neurodegeneration","volume":"97","author":"Moncada","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202043362180","article-title":"Immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis: basic insights for new clinical strategies","volume":"1","author":"Mouzaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061809","article-title":"Absorption, excretion and metabolite profiling of methyl-, glucuronyl-, glucosyl- and sulpho-conjugates of quercetin in human plasma and urine after ingestion of onions","volume":"96","author":"Mullen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00190.x","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E isoforms increase intracellular Ca2+ differentially through a omega-agatoxin IVa-sensitive Ca2+-channel","volume":"8","author":"Muller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.03.014","article-title":"Differential suppression of endotoxin-inducible inflammatory cytokines by nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) inhibitor in rat microglia","volume":"401","author":"Nakajima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1089\/089771502753754037","article-title":"Clinical trials in head injury","volume":"19","author":"Narayan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.146900","article-title":"Sequence diversity and large-scale typing of SNPs in the human apolipoprotein E gene","volume":"10","author":"Nickerson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005070200","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4 stimulates cAMP response element-binding protein transcriptional activity through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway","volume":"276","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.114322","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of isoflavone metabolites in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells","volume":"320","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.903","article-title":"C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulation of iNOS expression in glial cells: predominant role of JNK1 isoform","volume":"8","author":"Pawate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20180","article-title":"Redox regulation of glial inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma","volume":"77","author":"Pawate","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.07.018","article-title":"Wogonin inhibits microglial cell migration via suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B activity","volume":"8","author":"Piao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(87)90295-5","article-title":"Astrocytes synthesize apolipoprotein E and metabolize apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins","volume":"917","author":"Pitas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M307657200","article-title":"NADPH oxidase mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity and proinflammatory gene expression in activated microglia","volume":"279","author":"Qin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00102-1","article-title":"Oxidative damage and protection by antioxidants in the frontal cortex of Alzheimer\u2019s disease is related to the apolipoprotein E genotype","volume":"27","author":"Ramassamy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-41","article-title":"Apigenin and luteolin modulate microglial activation via inhibition of STAT1-induced CD40 expression","volume":"5","author":"Rezai-Zadeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)02227-9","article-title":"Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids","volume":"20","author":"Rice-Evans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1042\/0264-6021:3580547","article-title":"Flavonoids protect neurons from oxidized low-density-lipoprotein-induced apoptosis involving c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), c-Jun and caspase-3","volume":"358","author":"Schroeter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.01.016","article-title":"Modulation of interleukin-1beta mediated inflammatory response in human astrocytes by flavonoids: implications in neuroprotection","volume":"73","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.3.588","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of genistein and daidzein in men and women after consumption of a soy beverage","volume":"76","author":"Shelnutt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440010103","article-title":"Nervenkitt: notes on the history of the concept of neuroglia","volume":"1","author":"Somjen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-009-0136-3","article-title":"Flavonoids and brain health: multiple effects underpinned by common mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Spencer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1039\/b800422f","article-title":"The impact of flavonoids on memory: physiological and molecular considerations","volume":"38","author":"Spencer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer, J.P., 2010. The impact of fruit flavonoids on memory and cognition. Br. J. Nutr. 104 (Suppl. 3), S40\u2013S47.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003934"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34783","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305063200","article-title":"Modulation of pro-survival Akt\/protein kinase B and ERK1\/2 signaling cascades by quercetin and its in vivo metabolites underlie their action on neuronal viability","volume":"278","author":"Spencer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2009.10.003","article-title":"Flavonoids and cognition: the molecular mechanisms underlying their behavioural effects","volume":"492","author":"Spencer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01327-8","article-title":"Nitric oxide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction: implications for neurodegeneration","volume":"34","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.11.4725","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease","volume":"92","author":"Strittmatter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.10.1771","article-title":"Wide distribution of [H-3](\u2212)-epigallocatechin gallate, a cancer preventive tea polyphenol, in mouse tissue","volume":"19","author":"Suganuma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13153","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007646200","article-title":"Interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha synergism in ME-180 cervical cancer cell apoptosis and necrosis. IFN gamma inhibits cytoprotective NF-kappa B through STAT1\/IRF-1 pathways","volume":"276","author":"Suk","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.047373","article-title":"Flavonoid baicalein attenuates activation-induced cell death of brain microglia","volume":"305","author":"Suk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21362","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M600504200","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces neurotoxicity via glutamate release from hemichannels of activated microglia in an autocrine manner","volume":"281","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4456-04.2005","article-title":"Stimulation of microglial metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu2 triggers tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced neurotoxicity in concert with microglial-derived Fas ligand","volume":"25","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11763-M","article-title":"ApoE immunoreactivity and microglial cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain","volume":"195","author":"Uchihara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0665","first-page":"339","article-title":"Genetics of the apolipoprotein E system in man","volume":"32","author":"Utermann","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2009.01.016","article-title":"The citrus flavanone naringenin inhibits inflammatory signalling in glial cells and protects against neuroinflammatory injury","volume":"484","author":"Vafeiadou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.11.044","article-title":"Estradiol or genistein prevent Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated inflammation correlating with an increase PPAR gamma expression in cultured astrocytes","volume":"1312","author":"Valles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04841.x","article-title":"Activation of pro-survival Akt and ERK1\/2 signalling pathways underlie the anti-apoptotic effects of flavanones in cortical neurons","volume":"103","author":"Vauzour","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-008-0091-4","article-title":"The neuroprotective potential of flavonoids: a multiplicity of effects","volume":"3","author":"Vauzour","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.014","article-title":"APOE genotype-specific differences in the innate immune response","volume":"30","author":"Vitek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000311269.57716.63","article-title":"Protective effects of NSAIDs on the development of Alzheimer disease","volume":"70","author":"Vlad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37680-9","article-title":"A specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H\u20131-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002)","volume":"269","author":"Vlahos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206778343109","article-title":"Dual effects of antioxidants in neurodegeneration: direct neuroprotection against oxidative stress and indirect protection via suppression of glia-mediated inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-38","article-title":"Specific PKC isoforms regulate LPS-stimulated iNOS induction in murine microglial cells","volume":"8","author":"Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707167","article-title":"Inflammation as a causative factor in the aetiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"150","author":"Whitton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.008","article-title":"Blueberry-induced changes in spatial working memory correlate with changes in hippocampal CREB phosphorylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels","volume":"45","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001","article-title":"Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules?","volume":"36","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65305-9","article-title":"Specific regional transcription of apolipoprotein E in human brain neurons","volume":"154","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01652.x","article-title":"Interaction between flavonoids and the blood-brain barrier: in vitro studies","volume":"85","author":"Youdim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2003.11.023","article-title":"Flavonoid permeability across an in situ model of the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"36","author":"Youdim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020902819822","article-title":"Inhibitory activity of isoflavones of Pueraria flowers on nitric oxide production from lipopolysaccharide-activated primary rat microglia","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.03.010","article-title":"Icariin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation and resultant death of neurons by inhibiting TAK1\/IKK\/NF-kappa B and JNK\/p38 MAPK pathways","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.05.007","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2007.12.012","article-title":"Suppressive effects of flavonoid fisetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation and neurotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016_b0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524033479717","article-title":"Stroke: molecular mechanisms and potential targets for treatment","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["Molecular Aspects of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098299711000732?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098299711000732?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]],"date-time":"2024-04-14T21:21:15Z","timestamp":1713129675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0098299711000732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0098299711000732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-2997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-2997","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}}}