{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T13:02:51Z","timestamp":1793278971132,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Aspects of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T04:06:03Z","timestamp":1746590763000},"page":"101367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The bone-muscle unit: from mechanical coupling to soluble factors-mediated signaling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Amir Mohammad","family":"Malvandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gerosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Banfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.7.2732","volume":"89","author":"Abou-Samra","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.05.022","article-title":"FGF-2 targets sclerostin in bone and myostatin in skeletal muscle to mitigate the deleterious effects of glucocorticoid on musculoskeletal degradation","volume":"229","author":"Adhikary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3290","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3200","article-title":"Increasing adiposity is associated with higher adipokine levels and lower bone mineral density in obese older adults","volume":"99","author":"Aguirre","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2015","article-title":"Estrogens and androgens in skeletal physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"97","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.275","article-title":"Anti-FGF-23 neutralizing antibodies ameliorate muscle weakness and decreased spontaneous movement of Hyp mice","volume":"26","author":"Aono","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00524","article-title":"Irisin: a hope in understanding and managing obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Arhire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23539","article-title":"A single ascending-dose study of muscle regulator ACE-031 in healthy volunteers","volume":"47","author":"Attie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.406","article-title":"Central (ICV) leptin injection increases bone formation, bone mineral density, muscle mass, serum IGF-1, and the expression of osteogenic genes in leptin-deficient ob\/ob mice","volume":"26","author":"Bartell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0062-9","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies","volume":"14","author":"Batsis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.04.035","article-title":"Bone development","volume":"80","author":"Berendsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-017-0266-9","article-title":"A study on relationship between elderly sarcopenia and inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-alpha","volume":"22","author":"Bian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1413","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop","volume":"99","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.093906","article-title":"Tendon-bone attachment unit is formed modularly by a distinct pool of Scx- and Sox9-positive progenitors","volume":"140","author":"Blitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E410","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00039.2012","article-title":"JAK\/STAT3 pathway inhibition blocks skeletal muscle wasting downstream of IL-6 and in experimental cancer cachexia","volume":"303","author":"Bonetto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00815.2006","article-title":"Doping dose of salbutamol and exercise: deleterious effect on cancellous and cortical bones in adult rats","volume":"102","author":"Bonnet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.11.004","article-title":"Effects of the activin A-myostatin-follistatin system on aging bone and muscle progenitor cells","volume":"48","author":"Bowser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.4.1387","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone activation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase gene promoter","volume":"95","author":"Brenza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.123","article-title":"The growth hormone receptor: mechanism of activation and clinical implications","volume":"6","author":"Brooks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.02.010","article-title":"Bone and muscle: interactions beyond mechanical","volume":"80","author":"Brotto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E961","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00506.2005","article-title":"Diet and exercise reduce low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue but not in skeletal muscle in severely obese subjects","volume":"290","author":"Bruun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-018-1069-2","article-title":"Autonomic regulation of glucose homeostasis: a specific role for sympathetic nervous system activation","volume":"18","author":"Carnagarin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI133572","article-title":"Muscle-derived interleukin 6 increases exercise capacity by signaling in osteoblasts","volume":"130","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.321","article-title":"The osteoblast: an insulin target cell controlling glucose homeostasis","volume":"26","author":"Clemens","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib24","series-title":"Mechanical Control of Stem Cell Differentiation","author":"Cohen","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/902186","article-title":"Irisin enhances osteoblast differentiation in vitro","volume":"2014","author":"Colaianni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516622112","article-title":"The myokine irisin increases cortical bone mass","volume":"112","author":"Colaianni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3917","article-title":"Myostatin is a direct regulator of osteoclast differentiation and its inhibition reduces inflammatory joint destruction in mice","volume":"21","author":"Dankbar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5589","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0503","article-title":"Induction of adiponectin in skeletal muscle by inflammatory cytokines: in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"145","author":"Delaigle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05331-y","article-title":"Bone-muscle crosstalk under physiological and pathological conditions","volume":"81","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. : CMLS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib30","first-page":"9","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of extra-skeletal organs by bone-derived secreted protein and the effect of mechanical stimulation","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0883-3","article-title":"Androgens and skeletal muscle: cellular and molecular action mechanisms underlying the anabolic actions","volume":"69","author":"Dubois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. : CMLS"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-249748","article-title":"A satellite cell-specific knockout of the androgen receptor reveals myostatin as a direct androgen target in skeletal muscle","volume":"28","author":"Dubois","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J. : Offi. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp.Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4522","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1479","article-title":"Enobosarm (GTx-024) modulates adult skeletal muscle mass independently of the androgen receptor in the satellite cell lineage","volume":"156","author":"Dubois","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib34","series-title":"The Cellular Secretome an Organ Crosstalk","first-page":"65","article-title":"Skeletal muscle: a novel secretory organ","author":"Eckel","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib35","first-page":"56","article-title":"Myostatin (GDF-8) as a key factor linking muscle mass and bone structure","volume":"10","author":"Elkasrawy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02060","article-title":"Genetic determinants of circulating estrogen levels and evidence of a causal effect of estradiol on bone density in men","volume":"103","author":"Eriksson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050820","article-title":"A physically active status affects the circulating profile of cancer-associated miRNAs","volume":"11","author":"Faraldi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2018.07.003","article-title":"Free circulating miRNA measurement in clinical settings: the still unsolved issue of the normalization","volume":"87","author":"Faraldi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.915080","article-title":"Acute changes in free and extracellular vesicle-associated circulating miRNAs and myokine profile in professional sky-runners during the Gran Sasso d'Italia vertical run","volume":"9","author":"Faraldi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0406","article-title":"Membrane estrogen receptor alpha is essential for estrogen signaling in the male skeleton","volume":"239","author":"Farman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09686-6","article-title":"Adipogenic progenitors in different organs: pathophysiological implications","volume":"23","author":"Favaretto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.151266","article-title":"Mechanical regulation of musculoskeletal system development","volume":"144","author":"Felsenthal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib43","article-title":"Combination of IL-6 and sIL-6R differentially regulate varying levels of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through NF-\u03baB, ERK and JNK signaling pathways","volume":"7","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10119","article-title":"Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update","volume":"275","author":"Frost","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2000.13.6.571","article-title":"The \"muscle-bone unit\" in children and adolescents: a 2000 overview","volume":"13","author":"Frost","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metabol. : JPEM (J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.623893","article-title":"Bone-to-Brain: a round trip in the adaptation to mechanical stimuli","volume":"12","author":"Gerosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101943","article-title":"Exploring cellular senescence in the musculoskeletal system: any insights for biomarkers discovery?","volume":"88","author":"Gerosa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.03.020","article-title":"Vitamin D, muscle and bone: integrating effects in development, aging and injury","volume":"410","author":"Girgis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1205","article-title":"Vitamin D signaling regulates proliferation, differentiation, and myotube size in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells","volume":"155","author":"Girgis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2019.07.010","article-title":"Myokines: the endocrine coupling of skeletal muscle and bone","volume":"94","author":"Gomarasca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2012.60","article-title":"The skeletal muscle secretome: an emerging player in muscle-bone crosstalk","volume":"1","author":"Hamrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"BoneKEy Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib52","first-page":"64","article-title":"Role of muscle-derived growth factors in bone formation","volume":"10","author":"Hamrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.585644","article-title":"Bone and muscle crosstalk in aging","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5964","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666171002114545","article-title":"IGF-1 as a drug for preterm infants: a step-wise clinical development","volume":"23","author":"Hellstrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.05.006","article-title":"Neuronal control of bone and muscle","volume":"80","author":"Houweling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10015","article-title":"Crosstalk between MLO-Y4 osteocytes and C2C12 muscle cells is mediated by the Wnt\/beta-catenin pathway","volume":"1","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBMR plus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00705-9","article-title":"Autonomic control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis","volume":"54","author":"Hyun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0125","article-title":"Androgen and estrogen actions on male physical activity: a story beyond muscle","volume":"238","author":"Jardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.025","article-title":"beta2-Adrenergic agonists and the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting disorders","volume":"45","author":"Joassard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2159","article-title":"The primary function of gp130 signaling in osteoblasts is to maintain bone formation and strength, rather than promote osteoclast formation","volume":"29","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.03.053","article-title":"Myokines (muscle-derived cytokines and chemokines) including ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) inhibit osteoblast differentiation","volume":"64","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"5034","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1658941","article-title":"A G protein-linked receptor for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide","volume":"254","author":"Juppner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2016.48","article-title":"Effects of myokines on bone","volume":"5","author":"Kaji","year":"2016","journal-title":"BoneKEy Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-023-01472-5","article-title":"Crosstalk between muscle and bone","volume":"42","author":"Kaji","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metabol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1594","article-title":"Wnt signaling genes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of humans with different degrees of insulin sensitivity","volume":"101","author":"Karczewska-Kupczewska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib66","first-page":"751","article-title":"The biological basis of the bone-muscle inter-relationship in the algorithm of fracture healing","volume":"31","author":"Kaufman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3716-2","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism: review and recommendations on evaluation, diagnosis, and management. A Canadian and international consensus","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int. : J. Established Res. Cooperation between Euro. Found. Osteoporosis National Osteoporosis Found. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115053","article-title":"Association of serum sclerostin levels with low skeletal muscle mass: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS)","volume":"128","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12080","article-title":"Osteosarcopenia: a case of geroscience","volume":"2","author":"Kirk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-020-00599-y","article-title":"Muscle, bone, and fat crosstalk: the biological role of myokines, osteokines, and adipokines","volume":"18","author":"Kirk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000711","article-title":"Nutrients to mitigate osteosarcopenia: the role of protein, vitamin D and calcium","volume":"24","author":"Kirk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2007.07.183","article-title":"Interlinking interleukin-7","volume":"39","author":"Kittipatarin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1325","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00143.2006","article-title":"Suppression of endogenous testosterone production attenuates the response to strength training: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded intervention study","volume":"291","author":"Kvorning","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.01.006","article-title":"Age-related bone loss and sarcopenia in men","volume":"122","author":"Laurent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2021.11.010","article-title":"Corrigendum to \"Age-related bone loss and sarcopenia in men\"","volume":"156","author":"Laurent","year":"2022","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.10.017","article-title":"Muscle-bone interactions: from experimental models to the clinic? A critical update","volume":"432","author":"Laurent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01307","article-title":"Physical exercise-induced myokines and muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk: a review of current knowledge and the implications for health and metabolic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Leal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.047","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.03.008","article-title":"Undercarboxylated osteocalcin, muscle strength and indices of bone health in older women","volume":"64","author":"Levinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14262","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28946","article-title":"Muscle-bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco-osteoporosis","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3932","article-title":"Increased expression of FGF-21 negatively affects bone homeostasis in dystrophin\/utrophin double knockout mice","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2936","article-title":"FGF21 is not a major mediator for bone homeostasis or metabolic actions of PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonists","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2884","article-title":"Hindlimb immobilization, but not castration, induces reduction of undercarboxylated osteocalcin associated with muscle atrophy in rats","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3731","article-title":"Undercarboxylated osteocalcin improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscles of corticosterone-treated mice","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00330","article-title":"Recombinant uncarboxylated osteocalcin per Se enhances mouse skeletal muscle glucose uptake in both extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00757","article-title":"The bone extracellular matrix in bone formation and regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1239-z","article-title":"Bone metabolism-associated hormones: the importance of the pre-analytical phase to for understanding their physiological roles","volume":"56","author":"Lombardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0834-0","article-title":"Implications of exercise-induced adipo-myokines in bone metabolism","volume":"54","author":"Lombardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00060","article-title":"Physical activity and bone health: what is the role of immune system? A narrative review of the third way","volume":"10","author":"Lombardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155388","article-title":"Physical activity-dependent regulation of parathyroid hormone and calcium-phosphorous metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Lombardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-025-01595-x","article-title":"Associations between hormones, metabolic markers, and bone mass in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metabol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aehs.2024.05.005","article-title":"Circulating myo-miRs in physical exercise","volume":"1","author":"Malvandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Exercise Health Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2021.1965118","article-title":"The role of estrogens in osteosarcopenia: from biology to potential dual therapeutic effects","volume":"25","author":"Mandelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.004","article-title":"Osteocalcin signaling in myofibers is necessary and sufficient for optimum adaptation to exercise","volume":"23","author":"Mera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.07.002","article-title":"Osteocalcin is necessary and sufficient to maintain muscle mass in older mice","volume":"5","author":"Mera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Metabol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.09.001","article-title":"Classical complications of primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"32","author":"Minisola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib97","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Basal- and insulin-stimulated substrate metabolism in patients with active acromegaly before and after adenomectomy","volume":"74","author":"Moller","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"4934","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2588000","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-responsive element and glucocorticoid repression in the osteocalcin gene","volume":"246","author":"Morrison","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(69)90034-7","article-title":"The primary role of functional matrices in facial growth","volume":"55","author":"Moss","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R113","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0283","article-title":"The role of adipose tissue immune cells in obesity and low-grade inflammation","volume":"222","author":"Mraz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00408-5","article-title":"Central nervous system regulation of organismal energy and glucose homeostasis","volume":"3","author":"Myers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00934","article-title":"Evidence of a causal effect of estradiol on fracture risk in men","volume":"104","author":"Nethander","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.11.026","article-title":"Developing bones are differentially affected by compromised skeletal muscle formation","volume":"46","author":"Nowlan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib104","series-title":"Normal Physiology of Growth Hormone in Adults","author":"Olarescu","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135846","article-title":"Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance","volume":"72","author":"Olefsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3088","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02216","article-title":"A novel interplay between irisin and PTH: from basic studies to clinical evidence in hyperparathyroidism","volume":"104","author":"Palermo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01733-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of estrogen influence on skeletal muscle: mass, regeneration, and mitochondrial function","volume":"52","author":"Pellegrino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.10.006","article-title":"The role of interleukin-15 in inflammation and immune responses to infection: implications for its therapeutic use","volume":"14","author":"Perera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00409","article-title":"Mediators and patterns of muscle loss in chronic systemic inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Perez-Baos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194440","article-title":"Effects of pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition or testosterone administration on soleus muscle atrophy in rodents after spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Phillips","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070033","article-title":"Relative influence of physical activity, muscle mass and strength on bone density","volume":"11","author":"Proctor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int. : J. Established Res. Cooperation between Euro. Found. Osteoporosis National Osteoporosis Found. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib112","article-title":"Corrigendum: irisin promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via activating the MAP kinase signaling pathways","volume":"6","author":"Qiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11021","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.770941","article-title":"Myostatin inhibits osteoblastic differentiation by suppressing osteocyte-derived exosomal microRNA-218: a novel mechanism in muscle-bone communication","volume":"292","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01214-5","article-title":"Metabolic Messengers: small extracellular vesicles","author":"Rohm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.06.003","article-title":"The potential and the pitfalls of beta-adrenoceptor agonists for the management of skeletal muscle wasting","volume":"120","author":"Ryall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006808","article-title":"Leptin administration favors muscle mass accretion by decreasing FoxO3a and increasing PGC-1alpha in ob\/ob mice","volume":"4","author":"Sainz","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210037109","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor as a master regulator of the c-MYC\/MXD1 network","volume":"109","author":"Salehi-Tabar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.10.049","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength","volume":"119","author":"Schaap","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa016","article-title":"Muscle-organ crosstalk: the emerging roles of myokines","volume":"41","author":"Severinsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa016","article-title":"Muscle\u2013organ crosstalk: the emerging roles of myokines","volume":"41","author":"Severinsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2023.09.007","article-title":"Muscle-bone crosstalk via endocrine signals and potential targets for osteosarcopenia-related fracture","volume":"43","author":"Sheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthopaedic Trans."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-023-01093-0","article-title":"Metabolic health and disease: a role of osteokines?","volume":"113","author":"Shimonty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-024-00880-4","article-title":"MicroRNAs and their modulatory effect on the hallmarks of osteosarcopenia","volume":"22","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.04.030","article-title":"The androgen receptor has no direct antiresorptive actions in mouse osteoclasts","volume":"411","author":"Sinnesael","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2018.12.011","article-title":"Development, repair, and regeneration of the limb musculoskeletal system","volume":"132","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0424","article-title":"gp130 in late osteoblasts and osteocytes is required for PTH-induced osteoblast differentiation","volume":"223","author":"Standal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib127","first-page":"293","article-title":"Effects of sclerostin injection on soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle tissue in male mice","volume":"102","author":"Stoikos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.04.006","article-title":"High parathyroid hormone levels are associated with osteosarcopenia in older individuals with a history of falling","volume":"113","author":"Suriyaarachchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(96)13141-4","article-title":"Movements of mouse fetuses in early stages of neural development studied in vitro","volume":"218","author":"Suzue","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.03.002","article-title":"Muscle and bone, two interconnected tissues","volume":"21","author":"Tagliaferri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-5-3-373","article-title":"The vitamin D-responsive element in the rat bone Gla protein gene is an imperfect direct repeat that cooperates with other cis-elements in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3- mediated transcriptional activation","volume":"5","author":"Terpening","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.10.025","article-title":"Sost downregulation and local Wnt signaling are required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading","volume":"50","author":"Tu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2485","article-title":"The effects of androgens on murine cortical bone do not require AR or ERalpha signaling in osteoblasts and osteoclasts","volume":"30","author":"Ucer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3014","article-title":"The effects of aging and sex steroid deficiency on the murine skeleton are independent and mechanistically distinct","volume":"32","author":"Ucer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. : Offic. J. Am. Soc. Bone Mineral Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1461","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-6 induction of osteoclast differentiation depends on IL-6 receptors expressed on osteoblastic cells but not on osteoclast progenitors","volume":"182","author":"Udagawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200307000-00007","article-title":"Influence of extensive muscle injury on fracture healing in rat tibia","volume":"17","author":"Utvag","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.669704","article-title":"Circulating carboxylated osteocalcin correlates with skeletal muscle mass and risk of fall in postmenopausal osteoporotic women","volume":"12","author":"Vitale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10404-z","article-title":"Inhibition of GDF8 (Myostatin) accelerates bone regeneration in diabetes mellitus type 2","volume":"7","author":"Wallner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801357","article-title":"Functional and histological characteristics of skeletal muscle and the effects of leptin in the genetically obese (ob\/ob) mouse","volume":"24","author":"Warmington","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. : J. Int. Assoc. Study Obesity"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200797109","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes bone loss by potentiating the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma","volume":"109","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220811110","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-alpha in osteocytes is important for trabecular bone formation in male mice","volume":"110","author":"Windahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2017.02.007","article-title":"Osteocyte secreted factors inhibit skeletal muscle differentiation","volume":"6","author":"Wood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.10.008","article-title":"The androgen receptor is required for maintenance of bone mass in adult male mice","volume":"479","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2793","article-title":"Matrix IGF-1 maintains bone mass by activation of mTOR in mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"18","author":"Xian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0494-0","article-title":"Effects of exercise on bone status in female subjects, from Young girls to postmenopausal women: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"46","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2018.01.027","article-title":"Loss of MyoD and Myf5 in skeletal muscle stem cells results in altered myogenic programming and failed regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.867921","article-title":"Musculoskeletal effects of altered GH action","volume":"13","author":"Young","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116510","article-title":"Altered bone and body composition in children and adolescents with confirmed prenatal alcohol exposure","volume":"164","author":"Young","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib149","first-page":"405","article-title":"Periosteal and metaplastic bone formation in mouse minced muscle regeneration","volume":"46","author":"Zacks","year":"1982","journal-title":"Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1021\/ac051711o","article-title":"Identification of carboxyl-terminal peptide fragments of parathyroid hormone in human plasma at low-picomolar levels by mass spectrometry","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.56","article-title":"Exercise-induced irisin in bone and systemic irisin administration reveal new regulatory mechanisms of bone metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S159","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931501","article-title":"Hormonal aspects of the muscle-bone unit","volume":"57","author":"Zofkova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."}],"container-title":["Molecular Aspects of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098299725000317?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098299725000317?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T04:43:12Z","timestamp":1748407392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0098299725000317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":152,"alternative-id":["S0098299725000317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-2997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-2997","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The bone-muscle unit: from mechanical coupling to soluble factors-mediated signaling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101367","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101367"}}