{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T22:23:29Z","timestamp":1793917409924,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/4\\u20135\/3\/13\/Neuro\/2022-NCD-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/4\\u20135\/3\/13\/Neuro\/2022-NCD-I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30\\u2013564\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30\\u2013564\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Aspects of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T10:47:14Z","timestamp":1767264434000},"page":"101444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["cGAS-STING signaling in Alzheimer's disease: Microglial mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Faaizah","family":"Fazal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawab John","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakir","family":"Ahamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameera","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nargis","family":"Bano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supriyo","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aamir","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahnawaz Ali","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0088-18.2018","article-title":"Microglia enhance synapse activity to promote local network synchronization. eneuro","volume":"5","author":"Akiyoshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1391517","article-title":"The emerging role of brain neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Amelimojarad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-021-00869-0","article-title":"Nuclear cGAS: sequestration and beyond","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.049","article-title":"Phosphoinositide interactions position cGAS at the plasma membrane to ensure efficient distinction between Self- and viral DNA","volume":"176","author":"Barnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2516-19.2020","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b2 plays a detrimental role in experimental traumatic brain injury by enhancing neuroinflammation that drives chronic neurodegeneration","volume":"40","author":"Barrett","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.10.002","article-title":"Absence of microglial CX3CR1 impairs the synaptic integration of adult-born hippocampal granule neurons","volume":"68","author":"Bol\u00f3s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1612327","article-title":"The STAT3\/TIMP1 inhibitor silibinin overcomes secondary immunoresistance to pembrolizumab in brain metastases from METex14 skipping mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a case report","volume":"12","author":"Bosch-Barrera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib8","article-title":"Microglia in the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease and related therapeutic targets","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.09.006","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease-linked risk alleles elevate microglial cGAS-associated senescence and neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model","volume":"112","author":"Carling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210924110144","article-title":"cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I response in host defense and neuroinflammatory diseases","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.05.022","article-title":"Ubiquitination of cGAS by TRAF6 regulates anti-DNA viral innate immune responses","volume":"514","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02853-3","article-title":"Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01295-y","article-title":"Blockade of STING activation alleviates microglial dysfunction and a broad spectrum of Alzheimer's disease pathologies","volume":"56","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.09.006","article-title":"Human stem cell\u2013derived monocytes and microglia\u2010like cells reveal impaired amyloid plaque clearance upon heterozygous or homozygous loss of TREM2","volume":"15","author":"Claes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","article-title":"Microglia function in the central nervous system during health and neurodegeneration","volume":"35","author":"Colonna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.322423","article-title":"Microglia regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory","volume":"17","author":"Cornell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22786","article-title":"<scp>DNA<\/scp> sensors are expressed in astrocytes and microglia in vitro and are upregulated during gliosis in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"63","author":"Cox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006156","article-title":"SENP7 potentiates cGAS activation by relieving SUMO-mediated inhibition of cytosolic DNA sensing","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.016","article-title":"Acetylation blocks cGAS activity and inhibits Self-DNA-Induced autoimmunity","volume":"176","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3053","article-title":"Repertoire of microglial and macrophage responses after spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"David","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00524-z","article-title":"The cGAS\u2013STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases","volume":"21","author":"Decout","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0333-5","article-title":"The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"DeTure","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152364","article-title":"Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns content in extracellular vesicles promotes early inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"11","author":"Deus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.11.003","article-title":"CD36 in alzheimer's disease: an overview of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targeting","volume":"453","author":"Dobri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-48","article-title":"Microglia receptors and their implications in the response to amyloid \u03b2 for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Doens","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4999","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094999","article-title":"Stress-induced depression and Alzheimer's disease: focus on astrocytes","volume":"23","author":"Dolotov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205014666170317113606","article-title":"Impact of cytokines and chemokines on Alzheimer's disease neuropathological hallmarks","volume":"14","author":"Domingues","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03151-1","article-title":"STING controls nociception via type I interferon signalling in sensory neurons","volume":"591","author":"Donnelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105739","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of STING-TBK1-IRF3 signalling ameliorates chronic stress induced depression-like behaviours by modulating neuroinflammation and microglia phagocytosis","volume":"169","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1012594","article-title":"cGAS\/STING and innate brain inflammation following acute high-fat feeding","volume":"13","author":"Elzinga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib33","article-title":"An early and late peak in microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease trajectory","volume":"aww349","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib35","article-title":"Advances in the role of cGAS-STING pathway on the repair of central nervous system injury based on gut microbiota","volume":"168","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.06.134","article-title":"CD200 dysfunction in neuron contributes to synaptic deficits and cognitive impairment","volume":"516","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.04.016","article-title":"The microglial innate immune receptor TREM2 is required for synapse elimination and normal brain connectivity","volume":"48","author":"Filipello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3030","article-title":"Scara1 deficiency impairs clearance of soluble amyloid-\u03b2 by mononuclear phagocytes and accelerates Alzheimer\u2019s-like disease progression","volume":"4","author":"Frenkel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.07.020","article-title":"Microglia do not take up soluble amyloid-beta peptides, but partially degrade them by secreting insulin-degrading enzyme","volume":"443","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1182411","article-title":"Research trends and hotspots of neuropathic pain in neurodegenerative diseases: a bibliometric analysis","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01588-0","article-title":"Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175809","article-title":"Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside ameliorates neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease via cGAS-STING","volume":"953","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.11.061","article-title":"Trafficking-mediated STING degradation requires sorting to acidified endolysosomes and can be targeted to enhance anti-tumor response","volume":"21","author":"Gonugunta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8151","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098151","article-title":"Role of cGAS\u2013Sting signaling in alzheimer's disease","volume":"24","author":"Govindarajulu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.272571","article-title":"Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer's disease: the complex roles of microglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Gray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06373-1","article-title":"cGAS\u2013STING drives ageing-related inflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"620","author":"Gulen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14671","article-title":"The cytosolic <scp>DNA\u2010sensing cGAS<\/scp> \u2013 <scp>sting<\/scp> pathway in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"30","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0287-8","article-title":"Targeting STING with covalent small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"559","author":"Haag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154229","article-title":"H3.3-G34 mutations impair DNA repair and promote cGAS\/STING-mediated immune responses in pediatric high-grade glioma models","volume":"132","author":"Haase","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201709069","article-title":"Microglia in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"217","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib52","article-title":"Microglial cGAS deletion preserves intercellular communication and alleviates Amyloid\u2010\u03b2\u2010Induced pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib53","author":"He"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00684-3","article-title":"The many faces of cGAS: how cGAS activation is controlled in the cytosol, the nucleus, and during mitosis","volume":"6","author":"Herzner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0242-x","article-title":"Microglia in neurodegeneration","volume":"21","author":"Hickman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","article-title":"Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models","volume":"352","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7","article-title":"Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2011226118","article-title":"NAD + supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and cell senescence in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via cGAS\u2013STING","volume":"118","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F558","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00004.2023","article-title":"The protective effect of H151, a novel STING inhibitor, in renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"324","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00672-x","article-title":"Mechanism and therapeutic potential of targeting cGAS-STING signaling in neurological disorders","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051143","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotropic factor in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"10","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI135026","article-title":"Melatonin inhibits cytosolic mitochondrial DNA\u2013induced neuroinflammatory signaling in accelerated aging and neurodegeneration","volume":"130","author":"Jauhari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00916-z","article-title":"cGAS-STING, an important pathway in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45044-1","article-title":"Mitophagy curtails cytosolic mtDNA-dependent activation of cGAS\/STING inflammation during aging","volume":"15","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Loygorri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26851-2","article-title":"Tau activates microglia via the PQBP1-cGAS-STING pathway to promote brain inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.04.001","article-title":"Unraveling the cGAS-STING pathway in Alzheimer's disease: a new frontier in neuroinflammation and therapeutic strategies","volume":"573","author":"Kaur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00163","article-title":"Reduced fractalkine levels lead to striatal synaptic plasticity deficits in Huntington's disease","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2018.06.014","article-title":"Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"4","author":"Kinney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Transl. Res. Clin. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001968","article-title":"H151, a small molecule inhibitor of STING as a novel therapeutic in intestinal ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury","volume":"58","author":"Kobritz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313136","article-title":"Targeting MicroRNA-485-3p blocks alzheimer's disease progression","volume":"22","author":"Koh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1529-y","article-title":"In vitro priming and hyper-activation of brain microglia: an assessment of phenotypes","volume":"56","author":"Koss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01098-9","article-title":"STING signalling is terminated through ESCRT-dependent microautophagy of vesicles originating from recycling endosomes","volume":"25","author":"Kuchitsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.017","article-title":"CD47 protects synapses from excess microglia-mediated pruning during development","volume":"100","author":"Lehrman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14101022","article-title":"HSV-1 as a potential driver of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib78","article-title":"cGAS\u2013STING, an important signaling pathway in diseases and their therapy","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc5386","article-title":"Phosphorylation and chromatin tethering prevent cGAS activation during mitosis","volume":"371","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71130","article-title":"The role and therapeutic potential of the cGAS\u2010STING signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2117-15.2016","article-title":"Astrocyte-Microglia cross talk through complement activation modulates amyloid pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"36","author":"Lian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.01.009","article-title":"Crosstalk between the cGAS DNA sensor and Beclin-1 autophagy protein shapes innate antimicrobial immune responses","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20149","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203337","article-title":"25-Hydroxycholesterol protecting from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the inhibition of STING activity","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany. NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib84","article-title":"Melatonin inhibits atrazine-induced mitochondrial impairment in cerebellum of mice: modulation of cGAS-STING-NLRP3 axis-dependent cell pyroptosis","volume":"912","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.03.029","article-title":"The mechanism of STING autoinhibition and activation","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03277-3","article-title":"Interleukin-6 deficiency reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting the STAT3-cGAS-STING pathway in Alzheimer's disease mice","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2023.109691","article-title":"Silibinin ameliorates STING-mediated neuroinflammation via downregulation of ferroptotic damage in a sporadic Alzheimer's disease model","volume":"744","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06154-8","article-title":"Autophagy: regulator of cell death","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.04.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA leakage and cGas\/STING pathway in microglia: crosstalk between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"548","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib91","article-title":"Microglial cGAS\u2013STING signaling underlies glaucoma pathogenesis","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.888989","article-title":"The role of microglia in alzheimer's disease from the perspective of immune inflammation and iron metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8523","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168523","article-title":"Mitochondria-induced immune response as a trigger for neurodegeneration: a pathogen from within","volume":"22","author":"Luna-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03015-9","article-title":"Taming microglia: the promise of engineered microglia in treating neurological diseases","volume":"21","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5730","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0223-6","article-title":"Analysis of the impact of CD200 on phagocytosis","volume":"54","author":"Lyons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402066","article-title":"Positive feedback regulation of type I IFN production by the IFN-inducible DNA sensor cGAS","volume":"194","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2024.103634","article-title":"Microglial inflammation in genome instability: a neurodegenerative perspective","volume":"135","author":"Maliar","year":"2024","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12242824","article-title":"Microglial senescence and activation in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and neuropathological scoring","volume":"12","author":"Malvaso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv081","article-title":"Reactive microglia drive tau pathology and contribute to the spreading of pathological tau in the brain","volume":"138","author":"Maphis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1400544","article-title":"Neurotoxic \u03b2-amyloid oligomers cause mitochondrial dysfunction\u2014the trigger for PANoptosis in neurons","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib102","author":"Naguib"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00347","article-title":"STING mediates neuronal innate immune response following Japanese encephalitis virus infection","volume":"2","author":"Nazmi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108047","article-title":"Fractalkine-dependent microglial pruning of viable oligodendrocyte progenitor cells regulates myelination","volume":"32","author":"Nemes-Baran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.050","article-title":"Microglial remodeling of the extracellular matrix promotes synapse plasticity","volume":"182","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28829-5","article-title":"CD200-CD200R imbalance correlates with microglia and pro-inflammatory activation in rat spinal cords exposed to amniotic fluid in retinoic acid-induced spina bifida","volume":"8","author":"Oria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6321","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076321","article-title":"Glia-neurotrophic factor relationships: possible role in pathobiology of neuroinflammation-related brain disorders","volume":"24","author":"Palasz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.10.008","article-title":"Signaling by cGAS\u2013STING in neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and aging","volume":"44","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2018.08.002","article-title":"Melatonin in sleep disorders","author":"Poza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201797858","article-title":"Attenuation of c <scp>GAS<\/scp> \u2010 <scp>STING<\/scp> signaling is mediated by a p62\/<scp>SQSTM<\/scp> 1\u2010dependent autophagy pathway activated by TBK1","volume":"37","author":"Prabakaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112918","article-title":"Are mitophagy enhancers therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"149","author":"Pradeepkiran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01915-0","article-title":"Therapeutic Trem2 activation ameliorates amyloid-beta deposition and improves cognition in the 5XFAD model of amyloid deposition","volume":"17","author":"Price","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111703","article-title":"New insights in drug development for Alzheimer's disease based on microglia function","volume":"140","author":"Qiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2024.5371","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases","volume":"53","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00815-2","article-title":"The neuroimmune nexus: unraveling the role of the mtDNA-cGAS-STING signal pathway in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"20","author":"Quan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2019.107039","article-title":"Activation of microglia in acute hippocampal slices affects activity-dependent long-term potentiation and synaptic tagging and capture in area CA1","volume":"163","author":"Raghuraman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13348","article-title":"Sensing of HSV-1 by the cGAS\u2013STING pathway in microglia orchestrates antiviral defence in the CNS","volume":"7","author":"Reinert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00160","article-title":"Mechanisms of A\u03b2 clearance and degradation by glial cells","volume":"8","author":"Ries","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13030240","article-title":"Viral infections, are they a trigger and risk factor of alzheimer's disease?","volume":"13","author":"Rippee-Brooks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006962","article-title":"A Becn1 mutation mediates hyperactive autophagic sequestration of amyloid oligomers and improved cognition in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Rocchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10153","article-title":"Microglia and inflammatory mechanisms in the clearance of amyloid \u03b2 peptide","volume":"40","author":"Rogers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42025","article-title":"Microglial SIRP\u03b1 regulates the emergence of CD11c+ microglia and demyelination damage in white matter","volume":"8","author":"Sato-Hashimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1356369","article-title":"The interplay between autophagy and cGAS-STING signaling and its implications for cancer","volume":"15","author":"Schmid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0998-5","article-title":"Cryo-EM structures of STING reveal its mechanism of activation by cyclic GMP\u2013AMP","volume":"567","author":"Shang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.10.027","article-title":"Dynamic structural differences between human and mouse STING lead to differing sensitivity to DMXAA","volume":"114","author":"Shih","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202255099","article-title":"<scp>UNC13D<\/scp> inhibits <scp>STING<\/scp> signaling by attenuating its oligomerization on the endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01845-x","article-title":"The CD200\/CD200R signaling pathway contributes to spontaneous functional recovery by enhancing synaptic plasticity after stroke","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2174\/157015910792246263","article-title":"Editorial [Hot topic: Melatonin and Brain (Guest Editor: Dun-Xian Tan)]","volume":"8","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-9070-5","article-title":"Differential roles of M1 and M2 microglia in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"53","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01315-6","article-title":"Tau activation of microglial cGAS\u2013IFN reduces MEF2C-mediated cognitive resilience","volume":"26","author":"Udeochu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38501-w","article-title":"Phospholipase D3 degrades mitochondrial DNA to regulate nucleotide signaling and APP metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Van Acker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25158","article-title":"Microglia-derived ASC specks cross-seed amyloid-\u03b2 in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"552","author":"Venegas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47491","article-title":"Tight nuclear tethering of cGAS is essential for preventing autoreactivity","volume":"8","author":"Volkman","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13368","article-title":"Salidroside attenuates neuroinflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury through microglia polarization regulation","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102691","article-title":"cGAS-STING targeting offers novel therapeutic opportunities in neurological diseases","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib136","first-page":"136","article-title":"Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.70146","article-title":"cGAS\u2013STING signaling in central nervous system diseases: neuroinflammatory mechanisms and immune regulation","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.028","article-title":"Driving axon regeneration by orchestrating neuronal and non-neuronal innate immune responses via the IFN\u03b3-cGAS-STING axis","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2025.107137","article-title":"cGAS-STING targeting offers a novel therapeutic paradigm in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"211","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib140","article-title":"cGAS-STING and autophagy: crosstalk, molecular mechanisms, and targeted therapy","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5835","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S521397","article-title":"cGAS-STING targeting offers novel therapeutic opportunities in liver diseases","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04150-9","article-title":"Interplay of cGAS-STING and ferroptosis: crosstalk, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64348-y","article-title":"Small molecule inhibition of human cGAS reduces total cGAMP output and cytokine expression in cells","volume":"10","author":"Wiser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120988","article-title":"Sesamol alleviates manganese-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via regulating the microglial cGAS-STING\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"319","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7710","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147710","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier and neurodegenerative diseases\u2014modeling with iPSC-Derived brain cells","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217842","article-title":"Role of post-translational modifications of cGAS in innate immunity","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-03945-5","article-title":"A\u03b2 induces neuroinflammation and microglial M1 polarization via cGAS-STING-IFITM3 signaling pathway in BV-2 cells","volume":"48","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-03945-5","article-title":"A\u03b2 induces neuroinflammation and microglial M1 polarization via cGAS-STING-IFITM3 signaling pathway in BV-2 cells","volume":"48","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7842","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217842","article-title":"Role of post-translational modifications of cGAS in innate immunity","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3356","article-title":"Glutamylation of the DNA sensor cGAS regulates its binding and synthase activity in antiviral immunity","volume":"17","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnrt.2024.100111","article-title":"Liposome-based loading enhances the distribution of nicotinamide riboside chloride into the brain and its neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemic mice","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurorestoratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00337-2","article-title":"Activation of innate immune cGAS-STING pathway contributes to Alzheimer's pathogenesis in 5\u00d7FAD mice","volume":"3","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.07.004","article-title":"Efficacy and mechanism of cGAMP to suppress Alzheimer's disease by elevating TREM2","volume":"81","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.290881","article-title":"Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217114","article-title":"Gender differences in gliomas: from epidemiological trends to changes at the hormonal and molecular levels","volume":"598","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-025-10051-5","article-title":"cGAS-STING targeting offers novel therapeutic regimen in sepsis-associated organ dysfunction","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.003","article-title":"TREM2 haplodeficiency in mice and humans impairs the microglia barrier function leading to decreased amyloid compaction and severe axonal dystrophy","volume":"90","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202002117","article-title":"Deficiency of STING signaling in embryonic cerebral cortex leads to neurogenic abnormalities and autistic-like behaviors","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18035","article-title":"Rat and human STINGs profile similarly towards anticancer\/antiviral compounds","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib161","article-title":"Crosstalk between autophagy and the cGAS\u2013STING signaling pathway in type I interferon production","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib162","first-page":"41","article-title":"Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside antagonizes age-related \u03b1-synuclein overexpression in the hippocampus of APP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111195","article-title":"The cGAS\/STING signaling pathway is involved in sevoflurane induced neuronal necroptosis via regulating microglia M1 polarization","volume":"119","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.1029","article-title":"Blocking C3d +\/GFAP + A1 astrocyte conversion with semaglutide attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in mice after ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.286954","article-title":"Microglia-associated neuroinflammation is a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.294","article-title":"Targeting autophagy in Alzheimer's disease: animal models and mechanisms","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zool. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.4c00176","article-title":"Exposure to manganese induces autophagy\u2013lysosomal pathway dysfunction-mediated tauopathy by activating the cGAS\u2013STING pathway in the brain","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib168","article-title":"Exposure to manganese induces autophagy\u2013lysosomal pathway dysfunction-mediated tauopathy by activating the cGAS\u2013STING pathway in the brain","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106710","article-title":"The cGAS-STING pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"202","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103761","article-title":"The role and mechanism of the cGAS\u2013STING pathway-mediated ROS in apoptosis and ferroptosis induced by manganese exposure","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101464","article-title":"Autophagy in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: therapeutic potential and future perspectives","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10121917","article-title":"ROS-induced mtDNA release: the emerging messenger for communication between neurons and innate immune cells during neurodegenerative disorder progression","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116698","article-title":"Relationship between the cGAS\u2212STING and NF-\u03baB pathways-role in neurotoxicity","volume":"175","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114679","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting the cGAS\u2212STING pathway associated with protein and gene: an emerging and promising novel strategy for aging-related neurodegenerative disease","volume":"156","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4011","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06224-y","article-title":"Silencing of TGF\u03b2 signalling in microglia results in impaired homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Z\u00f6ller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16939","article-title":"Molecular basis of selective amyloid\u2010\u03b2 degrading enzymes in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"291","author":"\u017bukowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"FEBS J."}],"container-title":["Molecular Aspects of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098299725001086?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098299725001086?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T23:26:55Z","timestamp":1778714815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0098299725001086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":168,"alternative-id":["S0098299725001086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-2997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-2997","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"cGAS-STING signaling in Alzheimer's disease: Microglial mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101444","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101444"}}