{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:22:10Z","timestamp":1791469330094,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Pollution Bulletin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]],"date-time":"2009-03-06T10:19:17Z","timestamp":1236334757000},"page":"1052-1062","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":276,"title":["Antibiotics in the Hong Kong metropolitan area: Ubiquitous distribution and fate in Victoria Harbour"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tu Binh","family":"Minh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Wing","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Ha","family":"Loi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Hei","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man Ka","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.Q.","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.W.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.S.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce J.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib1","series-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the Environment \u2013 Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks","first-page":"55","article-title":"Environmental exposure of antibiotics in wastewaters, sewage sludges and surface waters","author":"Alder","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6832","DOI":"10.1021\/es049509a","article-title":"Antibiotics in the environment: occurrence in Italian STPs: fate, and preliminary assessment on algal toxicity of amoxicillin","volume":"38","author":"Andreozzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.03.012","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: Hoje River in Sweden","volume":"122","author":"Bendz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1021\/es020125z","article-title":"Caffeine, an anthropogenic marker for wastewater contamination of surface waters","volume":"37","author":"Buerge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1021\/es020158e","article-title":"Strategic survey of therapeutic drugs in the River Po and Lambro in northern Italy","volume":"37","author":"Calamari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1021\/es050991m","article-title":"Removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants in Italy","volume":"40","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.02.086","article-title":"Trace determination of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics in surface water and urban wastewater using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem spectrometry","volume":"1115","author":"Cha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-326X(95)00136-B","article-title":"Concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead in rabbitfish (Siganus oramin) collected in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong","volume":"31","author":"Chan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib8a","first-page":"3027","article-title":"Stability of aqueous solutions of amoxicillin sodium in the frozen and liquid states","volume":"43","author":"Concannon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)10087-X","article-title":"Fate and risk evaluation of persistent organic contaminants and related compounds in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong","volume":"36","author":"Connell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.1021\/es048550a","article-title":"Occurrence and sorption behavior of sulfonamides, macrolides, and trimethoprim in activated sludge treatment","volume":"39","author":"Gobel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.07.039","article-title":"Fate of sulfonamides, macrolides, and trimethoprim in different wastewater treatment technologies","volume":"372","author":"Gobel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1021\/es0256212","article-title":"Environmental exposure and risk assessment of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents in wastewater and river water of the Glatt Valley watershed, Switzerland","volume":"36","author":"Golet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2007.04.008","article-title":"The occurrence of selected antibiotics in Hong Kong coastal waters","volume":"54","author":"Gulkowska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.07.031","article-title":"Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by sewage treatment facilities in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China","volume":"42","author":"Gulkowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1021\/es011352o","article-title":"Fluorescent whitening agents in Tokyo Bay and adjacent rivers: their application as anthropogenic molecular markers in coastal environments","volume":"36","author":"Hayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00337-4","article-title":"Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment","volume":"225","author":"Hirsch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.06.030","article-title":"Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin, USA","volume":"361","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1021\/es060737+","article-title":"Temporal and spatial trends in the occurrence of human and veterinary antibiotics in aqueous and river sediment matrices","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/es011055j","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999\u20132000: a national reconnaissance","volume":"36","author":"Kolpin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg293","article-title":"Significance of antibiotics in the environment","volume":"52","author":"Kummerer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib21","series-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the Environment \u2013 Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks","first-page":"3","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the environment \u2013 scope of the book and introduction","author":"Kummerer","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:5(535)","article-title":"Hydrodynamic tracking of the massive spring 1998 red tide in Hong Kong","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib23","series-title":"The Environment in Asia Pacific Harbours","first-page":"187","article-title":"Eutrophication dynamics in Hong Kong coastal waters: physical and biological interactions","author":"Lee","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1021\/es048143z","article-title":"Screening of human antibiotic substances and determination of weekly mass flows in five sewage treatment plants in Sweden","volume":"39","author":"Lindberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1021\/es0516211","article-title":"Behavior of fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim during mechanical, chemical, and active sludge treatment of sewage water and digestion of sludge","volume":"40","author":"Lindberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4640","DOI":"10.1021\/ac010514w","article-title":"Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamides and tetracycline antimicrobials in groundwater and surface water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"73","author":"Lindsey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8004","DOI":"10.1021\/es0709021","article-title":"Distribution of macrolides, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim in tropical waters: ubiquitous occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in the Mekong Delta","volume":"41","author":"Managaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5479","DOI":"10.1021\/es034368i","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants and in the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland","volume":"37","author":"McArdell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib29","series-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the Environment \u2013 Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks","first-page":"67","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the Canadian environment","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.1021\/es030653q","article-title":"Occurrence of antimicrobials in the final effluents of wastewater treatment plants in Canada","volume":"38","author":"Miao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.07.001","article-title":"A preliminary study on the occurrence and behavior of sulfonamides, ofloxacin and chloramphenicol antimicrobials of wastewaters of two sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou, China","volume":"371","author":"Peng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2004.05.056","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim antibiotics in wastewater using tandem solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography\u2013electrospray mass spectrometry","volume":"1042","author":"Renew","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00041-7","article-title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in Hong Kong surficial sediment","volume":"39","author":"Richardson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2005.06.034","article-title":"Emerging chemicals of concern: pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Asia, with particular reference to Southern China","volume":"50","author":"Richardson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.6.2101-2107.2004","article-title":"High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Asia (an ANSORP study)","volume":"48","author":"Song","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2004.02.028","article-title":"The occurrence of selected human pharmaceutical compounds in UK estuaries","volume":"49","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.04.005","article-title":"Removal of antibiotics in conventional and advanced wastewater treatment: Implications for environmental discharge and wastewater recycling","volume":"41","author":"Watkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.05.017","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the river Elbe and its tributaries","volume":"57","author":"Wiegel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.05.038","article-title":"Determination of selected antibiotics in the Victoria Harbour and the Pearl River, South China using high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"145","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.06.023","article-title":"Occurrence and elimination of antibiotics at four sewage treatment plants in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China","volume":"41","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2007.03.001","article-title":"Influence of the Pearl River estuary and vertical mixing in Victoria Harbour in water quality in relation to eutrophication impacts in Hong Kong waters","volume":"54","author":"Yin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(98)00470-6","article-title":"Petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs in marine sediments of Hong Kong","volume":"38","author":"Zheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004_bib43","series-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the Environment \u2013 Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks","first-page":"45","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the environment: changes in the presence and concentrations of pharmaceuticals for human use in Italy","author":"Zuccato","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Marine Pollution Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025326X09000575?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025326X09000575?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T07:20:19Z","timestamp":1545376819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025326X09000575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025326X09000575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-326X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}