{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T04:59:06Z","timestamp":1781499546900,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Marine Pollution Bulletin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T06:48:34Z","timestamp":1595659714000},"page":"111517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":640,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Surgical face masks as a potential source for microplastic pollution in the COVID-19 scenario"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3053-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadele Assefa","family":"Aragaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0005","article-title":"No title [WWW document]","author":"Carole Excell","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Resour. Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.20906","article-title":"Antimicrobial polymers containing melamine derivatives. II. Biocidal polymers derived from 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19764","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA01603D","article-title":"Super-stable non-woven fabric-based membrane as a high-efficiency oil\/water separator in full pH range","volume":"7","author":"Diao","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0020","first-page":"2008","article-title":"Overview and analysis of the meltblown process and parameters","volume":"6","author":"Dutton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Text. Apparel Technol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101637","article-title":"COVID-19: facemask use prevalence in international airports in Asia, Europe and the Americas, March 2020","volume":"35","author":"Elachola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126787","article-title":"Microplastics from consumer plastic food containers: are we consuming it?","volume":"253","author":"Fadare","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0116","article-title":"Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem","volume":"1","author":"Galloway","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb9505","series-title":"Notice of the General Office of State Council on Restricting the Production, Sale and Use of Plastic Shopping Bags","author":"GOSC","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb9510","series-title":"Notice of the general office of the state council on issuing the implementa- tion plan for prohibiting the entry of foreign garbage and advancing the reform of the solid waste import administration system","author":"GOSC","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.116886","article-title":"Charged PVDF multilayer nanofiber filter in filtering simulated airborne novel coronavirus (COVID-19) using ambient nano-aerosols","volume":"250","author":"Leung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135578","article-title":"Assessment of microplastics in freshwater systems: a review","volume":"707","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3435095","article-title":"Fabrication of polypropylene-g-(diallylamino triazine) bifunctional nonwovens with antibacterial and air filtration activities by reactive extrusion and melt-blown technology","volume":"2019","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.017","article-title":"Determination of microplastic polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in environmental samples using thermal analysis (TGA-DSC)","volume":"568","author":"Majewsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517514551468","article-title":"Comparison of biodegradation of low-weight hydroentangled raw cotton nonwoven fabric and that of commonly used disposable nonwoven fabrics in aerobic Captina silt loam soil","volume":"86","author":"Nam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Text. Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.04.001","article-title":"A reusable mask for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"51","author":"Phan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12480","article-title":"Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity","volume":"94","author":"Reid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.10.020","article-title":"Microplastics in freshwater environments: a review of quantification assessment","volume":"113","author":"Rios Mendoza","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.01.092","article-title":"A critical perspective on early communications concerning human health aspects of microplastics","volume":"626","author":"Rist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1080\/10426914.2017.1388523","article-title":"Multiple-jet electrospinning methods for nanofiber processing: a review","volume":"33","author":"SalehHudin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2017.11.010","article-title":"Occurrence of microplastics in surface waters of the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean Sea)","volume":"163","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001","article-title":"Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): a review","volume":"137","author":"Schnurr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq007","article-title":"The science behind preparing and responding to pandemic influenza: the lessons and limits of science","volume":"52","author":"Schuchat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb9500","series-title":"On an emergency notice to immediately stop production of disposable foam plastic tableware","author":"SETC","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.110712","article-title":"Can microplastics pose a threat to ocean carbon sequestration?","volume":"150","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0110","author":"THE ONLINE MEDICAL DEVICE EXHIBITION"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Forecasting epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 using ARIMA model (case study: Iran)","volume":"6","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. J. Environ. Sci. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-014-0012-7","article-title":"Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: what we know and what we need to know","volume":"26","author":"Wagner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104765","article-title":"Effectiveness of face masks used to protect Beijing residents against particulate air pollution","volume":"75","author":"Wcherrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0130","series-title":"Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment Endangering Health Workers Worldwide","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109612","article-title":"Environmental occurrences, fate, and impacts of microplastics","volume":"184","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0140","article-title":"Facemask shortage and the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: reflections on public health measures","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30845-X","article-title":"Beware of the second wave of COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1413-8670(11)70153-2","article-title":"Mask-wearing and respiratory infection in healthcare workers in Beijing, China","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10704-x","article-title":"Microplastics provide new microbial niches in aquatic environments","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201204520","article-title":"Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic PVDF membranes for effective separation of water-in-oil emulsions with high flux","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."}],"container-title":["Marine Pollution Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025326X20306354?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025326X20306354?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T23:40:07Z","timestamp":1758411607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025326X20306354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0025326X20306354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-326X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Surgical face masks as a potential source for microplastic pollution in the COVID-19 scenario","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111517","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111517"}}