{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T07:59:53Z","timestamp":1788940793313,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Materials &amp; Design"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T22:33:38Z","timestamp":1603233218000},"page":"109249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of systematically varied thiourethane-functionalized filler concentration on polymerization behavior and relevant clinical properties of dental composites"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"S.H.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fugolin","family":"APP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Scanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.L.","family":"Ferracane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.S.","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.04.151","article-title":"Effects of silane-modified fillers on properties of dental composite resin","volume":"79","author":"Ayd\u0131no\u011flu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2012.02.009","article-title":"Aspects of silane coupling agents and surface conditioning in dentistry: an overview","volume":"28","author":"Lung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350802247131","article-title":"Effect of the cross-linking silane concentration in a novel silane system on bonding resin-composite cement","volume":"66","author":"Matinlinna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0020","series-title":"Nanogel-based filler-matrix interphase for polymerization stress reduction","author":"Fronza","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1021\/ma2025286","article-title":"Stress-structure correlation in ps-pmma mixed polymer brushes","volume":"45","author":"Ochsmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromolecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.09.002","article-title":"Silane adhesion mechanism in dental applications and surface treatments: a review","volume":"34","author":"Matinlinna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2012.05.003","article-title":"Using hyperbranched oligomer functionalized glass fillers to reduce shrinkage stress","volume":"28","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.03.004","article-title":"Formation of gaps at the filler-resin interface induced by polymerization contraction stress. Gaps at the interface","volume":"26","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2017.11.006","article-title":"Surface engineering of nanosilica for vitrimer composites","volume":"154","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6575","DOI":"10.1021\/ma401264m","article-title":"Direct visualization of three-dimensional morphology in hierarchically self-assembled mixed poly(tert -butyl acrylate)\/polystyrene brush-grafted silica nanoparticles","volume":"46","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Macromolecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2016.05.003","article-title":"Rheological and mechanical properties and interfacial stress development of composite cements modified with thio-urethane oligomers","volume":"32","author":"Bacchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.109361","article-title":"A new class of vitrimers based on aliphatic poly(thiourethane) networks with shape memory and permanent shape reconfiguration","volume":"122","author":"Gamardella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8207","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.9b01359","article-title":"Reprocessable polymer networks via thiourethane dynamic chemistry: recovery of cross-link density after recycling and proof-of-principle solvolysis leading to monomer recovery","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromolecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.06.023","article-title":"Effect of thiourethane filler surface functionalization on stress, conversion and mechanical properties of restorative dental composites","volume":"34","author":"Faria-e-Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0075","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of the addition of thiourethane oligomers on the sol\u2013gel composition of BisGMA\/TEGDMA polymer networks","author":"Borges","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6746","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600871","article-title":"Recyclable crosslinked polymer networks via one-step controlled radical polymerization","volume":"28","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514551768","article-title":"Thio-urethanes improve properties of dual-cured composite cements","volume":"93","author":"Bacchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(00)00062-2","article-title":"Determination of double bond conversion in dental resins by near infrared spectroscopy","volume":"17","author":"Stansbury","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0095","author":"Cabosil Safety Data Sheet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39003-w","article-title":"Toughening of dental composites with thiourethane-modified filler interfaces","volume":"9","author":"Fugolin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19981205)42:3<465::AID-JBM17>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"In vitro aging of dental composites in water - effect of degree of conversion, filler volume, and filler\/matrix coupling","volume":"42","author":"Ferracane","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.03.015","article-title":"Contraction stress related to composite inorganic content","volume":"26","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.11.011","article-title":"Shrinkage \/ stress reduction and mechanical properties improvement in restorative composites formulated with thio-urethane oligomers","volume":"78","author":"Bacchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.115","article-title":"Understanding the kinetics and network formation of dimethacrylate dental resins","volume":"12","author":"Lovell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2011.05.034","article-title":"Delayed gelation through chain-transfer reactions: mechanism for stress reduction in methacrylate networks","volume":"52","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Polymer (Guildf)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.07.020","article-title":"Impact of thio-urethane additive and filler type on light-transmission and depth of polymerization of dental composites","volume":"33","author":"Faria-e-Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700115","article-title":"Refractive index mismatch and monomer reactivity influence composite curing depth","volume":"87","author":"Shortall","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0140","article-title":"Pivotal role of filler\/matrix interface in dental composites: review","volume":"28","author":"Amdjadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. An Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(96)00063-2","article-title":"Polymerization shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress in polymer-based restoratives","volume":"25","author":"Davidson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(00)00077-4","article-title":"A predictive formula of the contraction stress in restorative and luting materials attending to free and adhered surfaces, volume and deformation","volume":"17","author":"Miguel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.760272209","article-title":"Can the gel point of a cross-linking polymer be detected by the G\u2032 \u2013 G\u2033 crossover?","volume":"27","author":"Winter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.08.055","article-title":"Photoinitiated polymerization of PEG-diacrylate with lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate: polymerization rate and cytocompatibility","volume":"30","author":"Fairbanks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.11.021","article-title":"Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) in dental restorative materials: implementation of a DCC-based adaptive interface (AI) at the resin\u2013filler interface for improved performance","volume":"36","author":"Sowan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2016.12.047","article-title":"Influence of structural relaxation on thermomechanical and shape memory performances of amorphous polymers","volume":"109","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polymer (Guildf)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0180","series-title":"Thermal Analysis of Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications","author":"Menczel","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(02)00009-X","article-title":"Extended creep behavior of dental composites using time-temperature superposition principle","volume":"19","author":"Vaidyanathan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/pc.20201","article-title":"Finite element analysis of toughening for a particle-reinforced composite","volume":"27","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Polym. Compos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2007.08.007","article-title":"Axial shrinkage-stress depends upon both C-factor and composite mass","volume":"24","author":"Watts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02403234","article-title":"Crack propagation in a glass particle-filled epoxy resin","volume":"19","author":"Spanoudakis","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1996.070302.x","article-title":"The influence of abutment surface roughness on plaque accumulation and peri-implant mucositis","volume":"7","author":"Bollen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2009.11.152","article-title":"Surface deterioration of dental materials after simulated toothbrushing in relation to brushing time and load","volume":"26","author":"Heintze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0488(199806)36:8<1321::AID-POLB7>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Surface correlation effects on gloss","volume":"36","author":"Alexander-Katz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12350","article-title":"Effect of tooth brushing on gloss retention and surface roughness of five bulk-fill resin composites","volume":"30","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2875262","article-title":"Is deterioration of surface properties of resin composites affected by filler size?","volume":"2020","author":"Elbishari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."}],"container-title":["Materials &amp; Design"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026412752030784X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026412752030784X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T08:38:23Z","timestamp":1759394303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S026412752030784X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S026412752030784X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-1275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-1275","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of systematically varied thiourethane-functionalized filler concentration on polymerization behavior and relevant clinical properties of dental composites","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Materials & Design","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109249","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109249"}}