{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:49:29Z","timestamp":1779205769182,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Manual Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,14]],"date-time":"2008-03-14T10:05:35Z","timestamp":1205489135000},"page":"375-386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The integrated continence system: A manual therapy approach to the treatment of stress urinary incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Heather","family":"Grewar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02243-4","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the international continence society","volume":"61","author":"Abrams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib2","series-title":"Practical guide to female pelvic medicine","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pelvic floor anatomy","author":"Achtari","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib3","series-title":"Chronic pelvic pain","first-page":"215","article-title":"Musculoskeletal problems","author":"Baker","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10116","article-title":"Compliance of the bladder neck supporting structures: importance of activity pattern of levator ani muscle and content of elastic fibers of endopelvic fascia","volume":"22","author":"Barbi\u010d","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90420-C","article-title":"The anti-estrogenic effect of cigarette smoking in women","volume":"162","author":"Baron","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-004-1125-0","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training is effective in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, but how does it work?","volume":"15","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.269","article-title":"Evaluation of female pelvic-floor muscle function and strength","volume":"85","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6777(2001)20:2<167::AID-NAU19>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Dynamic MRI of the pelvic floor muscles in an upright sitting position","volume":"20","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurourl Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000157207.95680.6d","article-title":"Lower urinary tract symptoms and pelvic floor muscle exercise adherence after 15 years","volume":"105","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199208000-00007","article-title":"A universal model of the lumbar back muscles in the upright position","volume":"17","author":"Bogduk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib11","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"143","article-title":"Manual physiotherapy techniques for pelvic floor disorders","author":"Brown","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(01)80046-3","article-title":"Too wet to exercise? Leaking urine as a barrier to physical activity in women","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Sci and Med Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70231-4","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and pure genuine stress incontinence of urine: a comparison of risk factors and determinants between smokers and nonsmokers","volume":"170","author":"Bump","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04515.x","article-title":"Genuine stress incontinence and detrusor instability: a review of 200 patients","volume":"87","author":"Cardozo","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib15","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"68","article-title":"Interdependence of posture and the pelvic floor","author":"Carri\u00e8re","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212150-00018","article-title":"The prognostic value of asymmetric laxity of sacroiliac joints in pregnancy-related pelvic pain","volume":"27","author":"Damen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib17","series-title":"Pelvic floor dysfunction\u2014a multidisciplinary approach","first-page":"71","article-title":"Urologic anatomic correlates","author":"Davila","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.080","article-title":"Pathophysiology of adult urinary incontinence","volume":"126","author":"DeLancey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb07606.x","article-title":"Pelvic floor activity patterns: comparison of nulliparous continent and parous urinary stress incontinent women: a kinesiological EMG study","volume":"73","author":"Deindl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20018","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of pelvic floor muscle function in continent and incontinent women","volume":"23","author":"Devreese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurourol urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000178779.62181.01","article-title":"Levator trauma after vaginal delivery","volume":"106","author":"Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib22","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"252","article-title":"Training and functional exercises for the muscles of the pelvic floor","author":"G\u00f6dl-Purrer","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib23","unstructured":"Goncalves, F, Brown, C, McLean, L, Abdominal and pelvic floor muscle activation during coughing in women with and without urinary incontinence. In: Proceedings of the XVI congress of the international society for electrophysiology and kinesiology, Torino, Italy, 28 July\u20131 July 2006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grewar H, McLean L. The integrated continence system: a manual therapy approach to the management of stress urinary incontinence. Manual Therapy, in press. doi:10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02327.x","article-title":"Are smoking and other lifestyle factors associated with female urinary incontinence? The Norwegian EPINCONT Study","volume":"110","author":"Hannestad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180616b27","article-title":"Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association","volume":"39","author":"Haskell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib27","first-page":"CD005654","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women","volume":"1","author":"Hay-Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib28","first-page":"25","article-title":"Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. IV. The causal factors of the intra-abdominal pressure rise","volume":"17","author":"Hemborg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib29","series-title":"Therapeutic exercise for lumbopelvic stabilization; a motor control approach for the treatment and prevention of low back pain","first-page":"185","article-title":"Local segmental control","author":"Hides","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib30","series-title":"Women's gynecologic health","first-page":"635","article-title":"Urinary incontinence","author":"Hines","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(03)00003-8","article-title":"Core stability exercise in chronic low back pain","volume":"34","author":"Hodges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib33","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"81","article-title":"Low back pain and the pelvic floor","author":"Hodges","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.539bb.x","article-title":"Contraction of the human diaphragm during rapid postural adjustments","volume":"505","author":"Hodges","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050601","article-title":"Preparatory trunk motion accompanies rapid upper limb movement","volume":"124","author":"Hodges","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib35","unstructured":"Hodges, PW, Sapsford, R, Pengel, L, Feedforward activity of the pelvic floor muscles precedes rapid upper limb movements. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference, Sydney. 2002. Abstract 21."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200202000-00027","article-title":"Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults","volume":"34","author":"Kraemer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport and Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.2.307","article-title":"Collagen cross-linking in adult patients with acute and chronic fibrotic lung disease","volume":"141","author":"Last","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.061409","article-title":"2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children [summary]","volume":"176","author":"Lau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib39","series-title":"Pelvic floor re-education: principles and practice","first-page":"42","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the pelvic floor","author":"Laycock","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib40","unstructured":"Laycock, J., Standley, A., Crothers, E., Naylor, D., Frank, M., Garside, S., et al. 2001. Clinical Guidelines for the Physiotherapy Management of Females aged 16\u201365 with stress urinary incontinence. Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, London, \u3008www.csp.org.uk\/director\/libraryand publications.cfm\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib41","series-title":"The pelvic girdle: an approach to the examination and treatment of the lumbopelvic-hip region","first-page":"133","article-title":"Defining the impairment","author":"Lee","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib42","series-title":"The pelvic girdle: an approach to the examination and treatment of the lumbopelvic-hip region","first-page":"81","article-title":"Diagnosing the lumbopelvic-hip dysfunction","author":"Lee","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib43","series-title":"The pelvic girdle: an approach to the examination and treatment of the lumbopelvic-hip region","first-page":"163","article-title":"Treating the lumbopelvic-hip dysfunction","author":"Lee","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib44","unstructured":"Madill, S.J., McLean, L., 2004. Synergistic pelvic floor and abdominal muscle contributions to rises in intravaginal pressure in urinary continent women. Master of Science Thesis, Queens University, Kingston, Canada."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib45","series-title":"Exercise physiology\u2014energy, nutrition and human performance","author":"McArdle","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02721.x","article-title":"A pelvic muscle precontraction can reduce cough-related urine loss in selected women with mild SUI","volume":"46","author":"Miller","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20069","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle function in continent and stress urinary incontinent women using dynamometric measurements","volume":"23","author":"Morin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920200027","article-title":"Pelvic floor and abdominal muscle interaction: EMG activity and intra-abdominal pressure","volume":"13","author":"Neumann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-200308000-00017","article-title":"Stress urinary incontinence in women","volume":"103","author":"Newman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib51","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"374","article-title":"Prolapse","author":"Ospelt","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201010-00015","article-title":"Altered motor control strategies in subjects with sacroiliac joint pain during the active straight-leg-raise test","volume":"27","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib52","series-title":"The female pelvic floor. Function, dysfunction and management according to the integral theory","author":"Petros","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib53","series-title":"The female pelvic floor: disorders of function and support","first-page":"3","article-title":"Anatomy of female pelvic support","author":"Retzky","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib54","series-title":"Therapeutic exercise for lumbopelvic stabilization; a motor control approach for the treatment and prevention of low back pain","first-page":"221","article-title":"Closed chain segmental control","author":"Richardson","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib55","series-title":"Therapeutic exercise for lumbopelvic stabilization; a motor control approach for the treatment and prevention of low back pain","first-page":"233","article-title":"Open chain segmental control and progression into function","author":"Richardson","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib56","series-title":"Therapeutic exercise for lumbopelvic stabilization; a motor control approach for the treatment and prevention of low back pain","first-page":"175","article-title":"Principles of the \u201csegmental stabilization\u201d exercise model","author":"Richardson","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1356-689X(03)00131-0","article-title":"Rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles utilizing trunk stabilization","volume":"9","author":"Sapsford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24297","article-title":"Contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during abdominal maneuvers","volume":"82","author":"Sapsford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6777(2001)20:1<31::AID-NAU5>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Co-activation of the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles during voluntary exercises","volume":"20","author":"Sapsford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/01.grf.0000170428.45819.4e","article-title":"Etiology of pelvic organ prolapse","volume":"48","author":"Schaffer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(06)70057-5","article-title":"Disorders of breathing and continence have a stronger association with back pain than obesity and physical activity","volume":"52","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90196-9","article-title":"Damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature in chronic constipation","volume":"89","author":"Snooks","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib63","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"35","article-title":"Musculoskeletal chronic pelvic pain","author":"Spitznagle","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000162056.30326.83","article-title":"Weight loss: a novel and effective treatment for urinary incontinence","volume":"174","author":"Subak","year":"2005","journal-title":"The J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198706000-00014","article-title":"The abdominal muscles and vertebral stability","volume":"12","author":"Tesh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1036-5","article-title":"Levator plate movement during voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in subjects with incontinence and prolapse: a cross sectional study and review","volume":"12","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib67","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"21","article-title":"The nervous system and motor learning","author":"Umphred","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib68","first-page":"CR345","article-title":"Urodynamic findings in female patients with urinary incontinence with intrinsic sphincteric deficiency","volume":"12","author":"Vecchioli-Scaldazza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib69","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"230","article-title":"Visceral Mobilization","author":"Vleminckx","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20048","article-title":"Basic science and translational research in female pelvic floor disorders: proceedings of an NIH-sponsored meeting","volume":"23","author":"Weber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003_bib71","series-title":"The pelvic girdle: an approach to the examination and treatment of the lumbopelvic-hip region","first-page":"120","article-title":"Real-time ultrasound analysis of local system function","author":"Whittaker","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Manual Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1356689X08000210?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1356689X08000210?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]],"date-time":"2020-05-02T23:56:55Z","timestamp":1588463815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1356689X08000210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1356689X08000210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2008.01.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1356-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1356-689X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}