{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:11:53Z","timestamp":1786993913224,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Manual Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,14]],"date-time":"2008-06-14T05:18:54Z","timestamp":1213420734000},"page":"314-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Mechanical or inflammatory low back pain. What are the potential signs and symptoms?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bruce F.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen D.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-45","article-title":"Lumbar segmental mobility disorders: comparison of two methods of defining abnormal displacement kinetics in a cohort of patients with non-specific mechanical low back pain","volume":"7","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib2","series-title":"The biomechanics of back pain","author":"Adams","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E71","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000197665.93559.04","article-title":"Effects of pelvic skeletal asymmetry on trunks movement. Three dimensional analysis in healthy individuals versus patients with mechanical low back pain","volume":"31","author":"Al-Eisa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6960.996","article-title":"Quartiles, quintiles, centiles and other quantiles","volume":"309","author":"Altman","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000447.pub2","article-title":"Spinal manipulative therapy for low-back pain","author":"Assendelft","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.4.261","article-title":"Five facts and five concepts for rehabilitation of mechanical low back pain","volume":"34","author":"Batt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200403000-00006","article-title":"Low back pain: pathophysiology and management","volume":"12","author":"Biyani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000202807.72292.a8","article-title":"Identifying subgroups of patients with acute\/subacute \u201cnonspecific\u201d low back pain results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Brennan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/13814780409094238","article-title":"Management of mechanical low back pain \u2013 a survey of beliefs and attitudes in GPs from Leicester and Nottingham","volume":"10","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00008","article-title":"A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation","volume":"141","author":"Childs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.13.1444","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of LBP; reaching a specific diagnosis is often impossible","volume":"162","author":"Deyo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib12","series-title":"Mail and telephone surveys. The total design method","author":"Dillman","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212150-00021","article-title":"A clinical prediction rule for classifying patients with low back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation","volume":"27","author":"Flynn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200001010-00018","article-title":"The use of a classification approach to identify subgroups of patients with acute low back pain","volume":"25","author":"Fritz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000067115.61673.FF","article-title":"Comparison of classification-based physical therapy with therapy based on clinical practice guidelines for patients with acute low back pain","volume":"28","author":"Fritz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000193898.14803.8a","article-title":"An examination of the reliability of a classification algorithm for subgrouping patients with low back pain","volume":"31","author":"Fritz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib17","first-page":"2286","article-title":"A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index","volume":"21","author":"Garrett","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.08.016","article-title":"Discogenic pain","volume":"112","author":"Hurri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000141265.55411.30","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines released from the facet joint tissue in degenerative lumbar spinal disorders","volume":"19","author":"Igarashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2005.04.009","article-title":"Does clinician treatment choice improve the outcomes of manual therapy for non-specific low back pain? A meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Kent","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E207","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200204150-00016","article-title":"Interexaminer reliability of low back pain assessment using the McKenzie method","volume":"27","author":"Kilpikoski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340605","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients: lack of association between clinical improvement and effects on sleep","volume":"34","author":"Lavie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146464.23007.2a","article-title":"Does it matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain","volume":"29","author":"Long","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4637.2000.00022.x","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and non-malignant chronic pain: a\u00a0comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Menefee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05825.x","article-title":"Mediators of inflammation and their interaction with sleep: relevance for chronic fatigue syndrome and related conditions","volume":"933","author":"Mullington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-006-0121-5","article-title":"Non-mechanical inflammatory causes of back pain: current concepts","author":"Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21619","article-title":"Inflammatory back pain in Ankylosing Spondylitis. A reassessment of the clinical history for application as classification and diagnostic criteria","volume":"54","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199508150-00013","article-title":"The role of inflammation in lumbar pain","volume":"20","author":"Saal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib29","series-title":"Health measurement scales. A practical guide to their development and use","author":"Streiner","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.027045","article-title":"Pain and high sensitivity C reactive protein in patients with chronic low back pain and acute sciatica","volume":"64","author":"St\u00fcrmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2004.07.010","article-title":"Factors involved in progression to chronicity of mechanical low back pain","volume":"72","author":"Valat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis: a proposal for modification of the New York criteria","volume":"27","author":"Van der Linden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200010010-00013","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane collaboration back review group","volume":"25","author":"Van Tulder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib34","series-title":"Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain at work \u2013 evidence review","author":"Waddell","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib35","series-title":"The back pain revolution","author":"Waddell","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200006000-00003","article-title":"The prevalence of low back pain. A systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 1998","volume":"13","author":"Walker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/101053950301500202","article-title":"Low back in Australian adults: the economic burden","volume":"15","author":"Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003_bib38","first-page":"1723","article-title":"Morning stiffness in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis is associated more strongly with functional disability than with joint swelling and\u00a0erythrocyte sedimentation rate","volume":"31","author":"Yazici","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Manual Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1356689X08000830?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1356689X08000830?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T16:26:55Z","timestamp":1545928015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1356689X08000830"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1356689X08000830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2008.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1356-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1356-689X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}}}