{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:21:30Z","timestamp":1791634890056,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","maturitas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maturitas"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,24]],"date-time":"2010-07-24T06:57:36Z","timestamp":1279954656000},"page":"197-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The incretin pathway as a new therapeutic target for obesity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Barber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Begbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0520","article-title":"Update on obesity","volume":"93","author":"Bessesen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl215","article-title":"Genetics of obesity and the prediction of risk for health","volume":"15","author":"Walley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141634","article-title":"A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity","volume":"316","author":"Frayling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2048","article-title":"Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity","volume":"39","author":"Dina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1028-6","article-title":"Association of variants in the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Barber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1549","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999\u20132004","volume":"295","author":"Ogden","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068177","article-title":"Obesity and diabetes in the developing world\u2014a growing challenge","volume":"356","author":"Hossain","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67483-1","article-title":"Obesity","volume":"366","author":"Haslam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02587.x","article-title":"Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Barber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2020","article-title":"The changing relationship of obesity and disability, 1988\u20132004","volume":"298","author":"Alley","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61721-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"370","author":"Christensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0060","first-page":"CD007654","article-title":"Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in hypertensive patients","volume":"3","author":"Siebenhofer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39385.413113.25","article-title":"Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis","volume":"335","author":"Rucker","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1K639","article-title":"Acarbose for polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Kircher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.3.235","article-title":"Weight control and risk factor reduction in obese subjects treated for 2 years with orlistat: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"281","author":"Davidson","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0080","first-page":"S12","article-title":"Mode of action of orlistat","volume":"21","author":"Guerciolini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.054","article-title":"Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP","volume":"132","author":"Baggio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.051308.105148","article-title":"Metabolic surgery to treat type 2 diabetes: clinical outcomes and mechanisms of action","volume":"61","author":"Rubino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(09)73459-7","article-title":"Mechanisms of early improvement\/resolution of type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery","volume":"35","author":"Mingrone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1933-x","article-title":"Severe hypoglycaemia post-gastric bypass requiring partial pancreatectomy: evidence for inappropriate insulin secretion and pancreatic islet hyperplasia","volume":"48","author":"Patti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-007-9096-0","article-title":"Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy as treatment for nesidioblastosis after gastric bypass surgery","volume":"17","author":"Alvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)90011-X","article-title":"New interpretation of oral glucose tolerance","volume":"2","author":"McIntyre","year":"1964","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.08.012","article-title":"The incretin system and its role in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"297","author":"Holst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0120","first-page":"912","article-title":"Additive insulinotropic effects of exogenous synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide infused at near-physiological insulinotropic hormone and glucose concentrations","volume":"76","author":"Nauck","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0125","first-page":"121","article-title":"Glucagon and glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2","volume":"50","author":"Holst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609009147","article-title":"Secretion of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide correlates with insulin secretion in normal man throughout the day","volume":"31","author":"Orskov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2054","article-title":"Secretion and dipeptidyl peptidase-4-mediated metabolism of incretin hormones after a mixed meal or glucose ingestion in obese compared to lean, nondiabetic men","volume":"95","author":"Carr","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.357","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists are growth and differentiation factors for pancreatic islet beta cells","volume":"19","author":"Egan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.5.741","article-title":"Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists stimulate expression of homeodomain protein IDX-1 and increase islet size in mouse pancreas","volume":"49","author":"Stoffers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0150","first-page":"E981","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibition of gastric emptying outweighs its insulinotropic effects in healthy humans","volume":"273","author":"Nauck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/379069a0","article-title":"A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding","volume":"379","author":"Turton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.7.8770921","article-title":"Tissue distribution of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding the rat glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor","volume":"137","author":"Bullock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.03.011","article-title":"The inhibitory effects of peripheral administration of peptide YY(3-36) and glucagon-like peptide-1 on food intake are attenuated by ablation of the vagal-brainstem-hypothalamic pathway","volume":"1044","author":"Abbott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1116-7","article-title":"Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: tracing the reverse route from cure to cause","volume":"51","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197007162830301","article-title":"Abnormal alpha-cell function in diabetes. Response to carbohydrate and protein ingestion","volume":"283","author":"Muller","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02427280","article-title":"Reduced incretin effect in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Nauck","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.8.7750","article-title":"Determinants of the impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"86","author":"Toft-Nielsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0190","first-page":"S18","article-title":"Physical inactivity and obesity: links with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"25","author":"Venables","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801655","article-title":"The role of postprandial releases of insulin and incretin hormones in meal-induced satiety\u2014effect of obesity and weight reduction","volume":"25","author":"Verdich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041335","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 release and satiety after a nutrient challenge in normal-weight and obese subjects","volume":"93","author":"Adam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.80","article-title":"Decreased glucagon-like peptide 1 release after weight loss in overweight\/obese subjects","volume":"13","author":"Adam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3180406a24","article-title":"Fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 and its relation to insulin in obese children before and after weight loss","volume":"44","author":"Reinehr","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.06.005","article-title":"Gut hormones: implications for the treatment of obesity","volume":"124","author":"Neary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.2105","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 differentiation of primate embryonic stem cells into insulin-producing cells","volume":"12","author":"Yue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tissue Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.09.032","article-title":"New insights into the role of cAMP in the production and function of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0230","first-page":"R848","article-title":"Central administration of GLP-1-(7-36) amide inhibits food and water intake in rats","volume":"271","author":"Tang-Christensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20031064","article-title":"subcutaneous injections of glucagon-like peptide-1 cause weight loss in obese human subjects","volume":"91","author":"Naslund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2124","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD)","volume":"32","author":"Zinman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02666.x","article-title":"Liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, added to a sulphonylurea over 26 weeks produces greater improvements in glycaemic and weight control compared with adding rosiglitazone or placebo in subjects with Type 2 diabetes (LEAD-1 SU)","volume":"26","author":"Marre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61375-1","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide in the treatment of obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"374","author":"Astrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1185\/030079908X253870","article-title":"Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years","volume":"24","author":"Klonoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.03.015","article-title":"Clinical application of incretin-based therapy: therapeutic potential, patient selection and clinical use","volume":"122","author":"Kendall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1472-y","article-title":"Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Russell-Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M676","article-title":"Association of pancreatitis with glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist use","volume":"44","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1755","article-title":"Increased risk of acute pancreatitis and biliary disease observed in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Noel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Maturitas"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037851221000246X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037851221000246X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T08:51:06Z","timestamp":1759913466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S037851221000246X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S037851221000246X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-5122"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-5122","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The incretin pathway as a new therapeutic target for obesity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Maturitas","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.06.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}