{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:19:08Z","timestamp":1788211148824,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","maturitas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maturitas"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:09:32Z","timestamp":1776701372000},"page":"108954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association between body mass index and incident shoulder adhesive capsulitis in Germany: A retrospective cohort study of 522,830 adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"209","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2124-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karel","family":"Kostev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6733-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razak M.","family":"Gyasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Keon","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6798-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1071-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0005","first-page":"297","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis: diagnosis and management","volume":"99","author":"Ramirez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.19.05890-8","article-title":"Shoulder adhesive capsulitis: diagnostic value of active and passive range of motion with volume of Gleno-humeral capsule as a reference","volume":"56","author":"James-Belin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0015","first-page":"243","article-title":"Factors associated with pain, disability and quality of life in patients suffering from frozen shoulder","volume":"4","author":"Bagheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.09.040","article-title":"Association between adhesive capsulitis and depression: a five-year retrospective cohort study including 58,516 adults from Germany","volume":"155","author":"Jacob","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-3930.45272","article-title":"Impact of adhesive capsulitis on quality of life in elderly subjects with diabetes: a cross sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Diabetes Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2020.20188","article-title":"A large-scale assessment of the healthcare burden of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint","volume":"150","author":"Bouaicha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Swiss Med. Wkly."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102715118","article-title":"Translational targeting of inflammation and fibrosis in frozen shoulder: molecular dissection of the T cell\/IL-17A axis","volume":"118","author":"Akbar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000800236.81700.d4","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis: a review for clinicians","volume":"34","author":"Ricci","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00408-8","article-title":"Arthrographic and clinical findings in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain","volume":"84","author":"Lo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.1.63","article-title":"Frozen shoulder and other shoulder disturbances in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"52","author":"Riley","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0055","article-title":"The causal relationship between hypothyroidism and frozen shoulder: a two-sample Mendelian randomization","volume":"102","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062377","article-title":"Diabetes as a risk factor for the onset of frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Dyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.06.010","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients during highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"De Ponti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04704-9","article-title":"The epidemiology and etiology of adhesive capsulitis in the U.S. Medicare population","volume":"22","author":"Sarasua","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.11.004","article-title":"The association of metabolic syndrome markers with adhesive capsulitis","volume":"23","author":"Austin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12246","article-title":"Case control study of risk factors for frozen shoulder in China","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66360-y","article-title":"Risk factors and predictive models for frozen shoulder","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.03.063","article-title":"Higher body mass index increases the risk of shoulder adhesive capsulitis in young adults: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01004.x","article-title":"Is obesity an inflammatory illness? Role of low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in human white adipose tissue","volume":"113","author":"Cancello","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13520","article-title":"Obesity in south and Southeast Asia-a new consensus on care and management","volume":"24","author":"Tham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.5414\/CP203320","article-title":"Basic characteristics and representativeness of the German disease analyzer database","volume":"56","author":"Rathmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.02.023","article-title":"Trends in burnout and related sick leave duration in working-age adults followed in general practices in Germany between 2012 and 2022","volume":"172","author":"Kostev","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E745","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.280.5.E745","article-title":"Adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"280","author":"Kern","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801719","article-title":"C-reactive protein is independently associated with total body fat, central fat, and insulin resistance in adult women","volume":"25","author":"Pannacciulli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001707","article-title":"Factors associated with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from German health interview and examination survey for adults 2008-2011","volume":"8","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.03.015","article-title":"The relationship between the incidence of adhesive capsulitis and hemoglobin A1c","volume":"26","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11318-1","article-title":"The relationship between body mass index and stroke: a systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"269","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1178051","article-title":"Causal relationship between ischemic stroke and its subtypes and frozen shoulder: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"14","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0145","first-page":"185","article-title":"Impact of obesity on orthopedic injury and fracture patterns in motor vehicle accidents, open access","volume":"17","author":"Japa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573216676786","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments","volume":"9","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Should. Elb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-024-04098-z","article-title":"A comprehensive scoring system for the diagnosis and staging of adhesive capsulitis: development, application, and implications","volume":"34","author":"Vita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."}],"container-title":["Maturitas"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378512226001313?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378512226001313?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:36:13Z","timestamp":1788208573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378512226001313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0378512226001313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-5122"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-5122","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between body mass index and incident shoulder adhesive capsulitis in Germany: A retrospective cohort study of 522,830 adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Maturitas","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.108954","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108954"}}