{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:47:25Z","timestamp":1793022445325,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","maturitas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maturitas"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:26:49Z","timestamp":1787984809000},"page":"109107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sex, gender and artificial intelligence in cardiovascular medicine 4.0."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Moscucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Sciomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savina","family":"Nodari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Paolillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Renda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Gallina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Vittoria","family":"Mattioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03340130075039","article-title":"Landmark article (JAMA 1912). Clinical features of sudden obstruction of the coronary arteries. By James B. Herrick","volume":"250","author":"Herrick","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy070","article-title":"Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: the new ESC atlas and beyond","volume":"39","author":"L\u00fcscher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.086892","article-title":"Women and coronary heart disease: a century after Herrick: understudied, underdiagnosed and undertreated","volume":"126","author":"Wenger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-024-05267-w","article-title":"Healthcare 4.0 \u2013 Medizin im Wandel [Healthcare 4.0-Medicine in transition]","volume":"49","author":"Ro\u00dfkopf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Herz"},{"issue":"81","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0025","article-title":"Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare","volume":"3","author":"Cirillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"issue":"10487","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00488-X","article-title":"Achieving gender justice for global health equity: the lancet commission on gender and global health","volume":"405","author":"Hawkes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.199","article-title":"Association of age and sex with myocardial infarction symptom presentation and in-hospital mortality","volume":"307","author":"Canto","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457","article-title":"Sex- and gender-related disparities in chest pain syndromes: the feminine mystique of chest pain","volume":"49","author":"Angeli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0045","first-page":"55","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes","volume":"13","author":"Byrne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-025-00758-1","article-title":"Inflammaging and cardiovascular risk in old women","volume":"33","author":"Moscucci","year":"2026","journal-title":"High Blood Press. Cardiovasc. Prev."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026542","article-title":"Mechanisms of myocardial infarction in women without angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"124","author":"Reynolds","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae504","article-title":"What is the role of sex and gender in the future of precision cardiology?","volume":"45","author":"Ministrini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-025-01380-1","article-title":"Toward precision medicine in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: insights from omics data into sex differences","volume":"28","author":"Munjas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11030184","article-title":"Approaches to integrating metabolomics and multi-omics data: a primer","volume":"11","author":"Jendoubi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001423","article-title":"Cardiovascular prevention in women: an update by the Italian Society of Cardiology working group on \u2018prevention, hypertension and peripheral disease\u2019","volume":"24","author":"Mattioli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown)"},{"issue":"10545","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)00717-8","article-title":"Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome: a multistep global consensus process","volume":"407","author":"Teede","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001829","article-title":"Cardiovascular health in women: a consensus document of the Italian Cardiovascular Societies","volume":"27","author":"Antoncecchi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1667222","article-title":"Environmental and social determinants of cardiovascular risk in women with type 2 diabetes: a life-course perspective","volume":"16","author":"Cocchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001769","article-title":"Air pollution and ischemic heart disease: a widely underestimated cardiovascular risk factor","volume":"26","author":"Sciomer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag229","article-title":"Climate change and cardiovascular risk factors management: emerging challenges and strategies for prevention and adaptation","author":"Marketou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2026.02.004","article-title":"Sex differences in the effects of high temperature on cardiovascular disease hospitalizations in Montreal","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"CJC Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.04.036","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and the electrocardiogram: a modern renaissance","volume":"140","author":"Palermi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0115","article-title":"Sex and gender bias in chronic coronary syndromes research: analysis of studies used to inform the 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines","volume":"45","author":"Bastian-P\u00e9trel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.29104","article-title":"Participation of women in cardiovascular trials from 2017 to 2023: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Rivera","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-025-02793-3","article-title":"Consideration of sex\/gender aspects in cardiovascular clinical trials","volume":"114","author":"Bley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4462","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf193","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease and pregnancy","volume":"46","author":"De Backer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/HCG.0000000000000097","article-title":"Artificial intelligence to enhance precision medicine in cardio-oncology: a scientific statement from the american heart association","volume":"18","author":"Khera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Genom Precis Med."},{"issue":"10292","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00684-X","article-title":"The lancet women and cardiovascular disease commission: reducing the global burden by 2030","volume":"397","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2026.03.007","article-title":"Deep learning for cardiac image analysis: unveiling advances in deep learning architectures","author":"van der Zande","year":"2026","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040716","article-title":"Artificial intelligence applied to electrical and non-invasive hemodynamic markers in elderly decompensated chronic heart failure patients","volume":"12","author":"Piccirillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517251381674","article-title":"Sex in the medical machine: how algorithms can entrench bioessentialism in precision medicine","volume":"12","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Big Data Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/72325","article-title":"Exploring gender bias in AI for personalized medicine: focus group study with trans community members","volume":"27","author":"Busl\u00f3n","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0165","article-title":"Why \u201csex as a biological variable\u201d conflicts with precision medicine initiatives","volume":"3","author":"DiMarco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae008","article-title":"Unlocking the potential of artificial intelligence in sports cardiology: does it have a role in evaluating athlete\u2019s heart?","volume":"31","author":"Palermi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0175","article-title":"Natural language processing (NLP): identifying linguistic gender bias in electronic medical records (EMRs)","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Patient Exp."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001201","article-title":"Use of artificial intelligence in improving outcomes in heart disease: a scientific statement from the american heart association","volume":"149","author":"Armoundas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0185","article-title":"Gender biases within artificial intelligence and ChatGPT: evidence, sources of biases and solutions","volume":"4","author":"Ho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav Artif Hum."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79531-8","article-title":"Testing AI on language comprehension tasks reveals insensitivity to underlying meaning","volume":"14","author":"Dentella","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1705082","article-title":"Implicit bias in digital health: systematic biases in large language models\u2019 representation of global public health attitudes and challenges to health equity","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd13050191","article-title":"Chatgpt\u2019s limitations in athlete ECG interpretation: evidence from a multicenter diagnostic study","volume":"13","author":"Palermi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis."}],"container-title":["Maturitas"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378512226002847?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378512226002847?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:19:19Z","timestamp":1793020759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378512226002847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0378512226002847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-5122"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-5122","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex, gender and artificial intelligence in cardiovascular medicine 4.0.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Maturitas","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2026.109107","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109107"}}