{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:03:42Z","timestamp":1790287422151,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","mayoclinicproceedings.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T02:33:59Z","timestamp":1359513239000},"page":"176-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Increasing Incidence of Nutritional Rickets: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Tom D.","family":"Thacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Tebben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravinder J.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen S.","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Maxson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara P.","family":"Yawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6, suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1725S","article-title":"Nutritional rickets: deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or both?","volume":"80","author":"Pettifor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29449","article-title":"Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets","volume":"116","author":"Holick","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6, suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1697S","article-title":"Nutritional rickets among children in the United States: review of cases reported between 1986 and 2003","volume":"80","author":"Weisberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.036780","article-title":"Is nutritional rickets returning?","volume":"89","author":"Allgrove","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E45","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.e45","article-title":"Nutritional rickets in Georgia","volume":"107","author":"Tomashek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26182","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population: 1988-1994 compared with 2000-2004","volume":"88","author":"Looker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.604","article-title":"Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988-2004","volume":"169","author":"Ginde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4, pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.908","article-title":"Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency: new guidelines for vitamin D intake","volume":"111","author":"Gartner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1862","article-title":"Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents","volume":"122","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.162.6.505","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy infants and toddlers","volume":"162","author":"Gordon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib11","volume":"Vol 2011","year":"2011"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib12","first-page":"43","article-title":"Weather or not: the importance of vitamin D status monitoring and supplementation","volume":"92","author":"Plotnikoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Minn Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922807311397","article-title":"10-Year case review of nutritional rickets in Children's Hospital of Michigan","volume":"47","author":"Lazol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.069575","article-title":"The re-emerging burden of rickets: a decade of experience from Sydney","volume":"91","author":"Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.173195","article-title":"Recent trends and clinical features of childhood vitamin D deficiency presenting to a children's hospital in Glasgow","volume":"96","author":"Ahmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1894","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations","volume":"122","author":"Misra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq482","article-title":"Use of a medical records linkage system to enumerate a dynamic population over time: the Rochester Epidemiology Project","volume":"173","author":"St Sauver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"246","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib18","first-page":"1","article-title":"2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development","volume":"11","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib19","series-title":"MCSTRAT: A SAS Macro to Analyze Data From a Matched or Finely Stratified Case-Control Design","author":"Vierkant","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib20","series-title":"Generalized Population Attributable Risk Estimation","author":"Kahn","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1179\/146532806X90556","article-title":"Nutritional rickets around the world: causes and future directions","volume":"26","author":"Thacher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.061377","article-title":"Vitamin D-deficiency rickets among children in Canada","volume":"177","author":"Ward","year":"2007","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.095075","article-title":"Incidence of symptomatic vitamin D deficiency","volume":"91","author":"Callaghan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2011.214361","article-title":"Inappropriate and inconsistent modalities of treatment of vitamin D deficiency in children [letter]","volume":"96","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110358","article-title":"Rachitic changes, demineralization, and fracture risk in healthy infants and toddlers with vitamin D deficiency","volume":"262","author":"Perez-Rossello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7175","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7175.39","article-title":"Lesson of the week: florid rickets associated with prolonged breast feeding without vitamin D supplementation","volume":"318","author":"Mughal","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib27","first-page":"84","article-title":"Rickets in the Dairy State","volume":"103","author":"Mylott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wis Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib28","unstructured":"Minnesota Department of Administration. Immigrants to Minnesota by Region and Selected Country of Birth. St Paul: Geographic and Demographic Analysis Division, Minnesota Department of Administration;\u00a02010."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.187435","article-title":"High prevalence of Somali population in children presenting with vitamin D deficiency in the UK","volume":"95","author":"Modgil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410803","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of calcium, vitamin D, or both for nutritional rickets in Nigerian children","volume":"341","author":"Thacher","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021935","article-title":"Nutritional rickets with normal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a call for reexamining the role of dietary calcium intake in North American infants","volume":"88","author":"DeLucia","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib32","first-page":"25","article-title":"Rickets: concerns over the worldwide increase","volume":"21","author":"Lowdon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Fam Health Care"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib33","first-page":"480","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sun-protection behaviors used by adults for their children\u2014United States, 1997","volume":"47","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I14","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405305","article-title":"Sun behaviour in Canadian children: results of the 2006 National Sun Survey","volume":"101","author":"Pichora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50057-2","article-title":"Protection from sun exposure in US white children ages 6 months to 11 years","volume":"116","author":"Hall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.009","article-title":"Generalizability of epidemiological findings and public health decisions: an illustration from the Rochester Epidemiology Project","volume":"87","author":"St Sauver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619612010476?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619612010476?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T01:28:39Z","timestamp":1758418119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619612010476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619612010476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increasing Incidence of Nutritional Rickets: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}