{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T11:11:44Z","timestamp":1763809904327},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","mayoclinicproceedings.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T11:20:52Z","timestamp":1536060052000},"page":"1282-1289","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Smokeless Tobacco and Cigar and\/or Pipe Are Risk Factors for Barrett Esophagus in Male Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux\u00a0Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Wytske M.","family":"Westra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori S.","family":"Lutzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahid S.","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alev L.","family":"Roes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Calpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth K.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kausilia K.","family":"Krishnadath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.326","article-title":"Erosive esophagitis is a risk factor for Barrett's esophagus: a community-based endoscopic follow-up study","volume":"106","author":"Ronkainen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.145177","article-title":"Gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus in the general population: the Loiano-Monghidoro study","volume":"57","author":"Zagari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr203","article-title":"Risk of malignant progression in Barrett\u2019s esophagus patients: results from a large population-based study","volume":"103","author":"Bhat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103042","article-title":"Incidence of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett's esophagus","volume":"365","author":"Hvid-Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.163360","article-title":"Race, ethnicity, sex and temporal differences in Barrett\u2019s oesophagus diagnosis: a large community-based study","volume":"58","author":"Corley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi325","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of the sex ratio for Barrett's esophagus, erosive reflux disease, and nonerosive reflux disease","volume":"162","author":"Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi218","article-title":"Ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as risk factors for esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus","volume":"162","author":"Ford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00040-6","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for oesophageal or junctional cancer (CROSS): long-term results of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Shapiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305506","article-title":"Oesophageal adenocarcinoma and prior diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus: a population-based study","volume":"64","author":"Bhat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4591","article-title":"Effect of surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus on the clinical outcome of oesophageal cancer","volume":"91","author":"Fountoulakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903183401101","article-title":"Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"340","author":"Lagergren","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.005","article-title":"The association between alcohol and reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"136","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.049","article-title":"Cigarette smoking increases risk of Barrett\u2019s esophagus: an analysis of the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium","volume":"142","author":"Cook","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304189","article-title":"Visceral abdominal obesity measured by CT scan is associated with an increased risk of Barrett's oesophagus: a case-control study","volume":"63","author":"El-Serag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.021","article-title":"Alcohol drinking and the risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"136","author":"El-Serag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.028","article-title":"Waist-to-hip ratio, but not body mass index, is associated with an increased risk of Barrett's esophagus in white men","volume":"11","author":"Kramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2408","article-title":"Common variants at the MHC locus and at chromosome 16q24.1 predispose to Barrett's esophagus","volume":"44","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.206","article-title":"Alcohol and the risk of Barrett's esophagus: a pooled analysis from the International BEACON Consortium","volume":"109","author":"Thrift","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib19","series-title":"Smokeless Tobacco and Public Health: A Global Perspective","author":"National Cancer Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.08.003","article-title":"The incentives created by a harm reduction approach to smoking cessation: Snus and smoking in Sweden and Finland","volume":"26","author":"Maki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib21","series-title":"Minskat bruk av tobak\u2014var star vi i dag? Statistik, Oktober 2007","author":"Statens Folkh\u00e4lsoinstitut","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.6.699","article-title":"US college students' use of tobacco products: results of a national survey","volume":"284","author":"Rigotti","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib23","first-page":"433","article-title":"Cigar smoking among teenagers\u2014United States, Massachusetts, and New York, 1996","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib24","series-title":"Smoking and Tobacco Control Monographs, Volume 9: Cigars: Health Effects and Trends","author":"National Cancer Institute","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib25","series-title":"E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General\u2014Executive Summary","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib26","first-page":"4","article-title":"Cigars aren\u2019t a safe alternative to cigarettes","volume":"16","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Health Lett"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906103402301","article-title":"Effect of cigar smoking on the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer in men","volume":"340","author":"Iribarren","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh144","article-title":"Association between exclusive pipe smoking and mortality from cancer and other diseases","volume":"96","author":"Henley","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib29","series-title":"Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines: IARC Monographs on the Evaluations of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 89","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib30","first-page":"13","article-title":"IARC Monographs programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans: Preamble","volume":"39","year":"1986","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Chem Hum"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540230007003","article-title":"Nicotine content and health risks of cigars","volume":"276","author":"Henningfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0424-2","article-title":"Global burden of disease due to smokeless tobacco consumption in adults: analysis of data from 113 countries","volume":"13","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29884","article-title":"Smokeless tobacco-associated cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Indian studies","volume":"138","author":"Sinha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9495-8","article-title":"Use of tobacco products and gastrointestinal morbidity: an endoscopic population-based study (the Kalixanda study)","volume":"25","author":"Aro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.061","article-title":"Nitric oxide and acid induce double-strand DNA breaks in Barrett's esophagus carcinogenesis via distinct mechanisms","volume":"133","author":"Clemons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib36","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smokeless tobacco fact sheets. Presented at: 3rd International Conference on Smokeless Tobacco: Advancing Science and Protecting Public Health; September 22-25, 2002; Stockholm, Sweden."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq289","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: a pooled analysis from the international BEACON Consortium","volume":"102","author":"Cook","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2011.568977","article-title":"Molecular changes in the esophageal epithelium after a subchronic exposure to cigarette smoke in the presence of bile-acid reflux","volume":"23","author":"Aiyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3333-x","article-title":"Esophageal COX-2 expression is increased in Barrett's esophagus, obesity, and smoking","volume":"60","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh266","article-title":"Nicotine promotes gastric tumor growth and neovascularization by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cyclooxygenase-2","volume":"25","author":"Shin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000201)85:3<340::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"The role of tobacco, snuff and alcohol use in the aetiology of cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia","volume":"85","author":"Lagergren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.1920","article-title":"Betel nut and tobacco chewing; potential risk factors of cancer of oesophagus in Assam, India","volume":"85","author":"Phukan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-008-9244-4","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and the risk of Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"20","author":"Kubo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6514a1","article-title":"Tobacco use among middle and high school students\u2014United States, 2011-2015","volume":"65","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302899","article-title":"E-Cigarette Use Among Never-Smoking California Students","volume":"105","author":"Bostean","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43213","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43213","article-title":"Myofibroblast differentiation and its functional properties are inhibited by nicotine and e-cigarette via mitochondrial OXPHOS complex III","volume":"7","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02317-8","article-title":"E-cigarettes induce toxicological effects that can raise the cancer risk","volume":"7","author":"Canistro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.89","article-title":"Lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"106","author":"Thrift","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0413-9","article-title":"The association between obesity and GERD: a review of the epidemiological evidence","volume":"53","author":"El-Serag","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619618303744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619618303744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T11:42:00Z","timestamp":1536061320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619618303744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619618303744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Smokeless Tobacco and Cigar and\/or Pipe Are Risk Factors for Barrett Esophagus in Male Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux\u00a0Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}