{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:04:27Z","timestamp":1783605867890,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","mayoclinicproceedings.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T07:07:26Z","timestamp":1574406446000},"page":"2534-2545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["VpALI\u2014Vaping-related Acute Lung Injury: A New Killer Around the Block"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7703-9294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Fonseca Fuentes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4383-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Taylor","family":"Hays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Lama von Buchwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ognjen","family":"Gajic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Gallo de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6744a2","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.038562","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: a new \u2018tobacco\u2019 industry?","volume":"20","author":"Noel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.12.010","article-title":"\u201cSmoking revolution\u201d: a content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites","volume":"46","author":"Grana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f7473","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7473","article-title":"Promotion of electronic cigarettes: tobacco marketing reinvented?","volume":"347","author":"de Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib5","first-page":"729","article-title":"Notes from the field: electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students\u2014United States, 2011-2012","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l2219","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2219","article-title":"Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys","volume":"365","author":"Hammond","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu166","article-title":"Intentions to smoke cigarettes among never-smoking US middle and high school electronic cigarette users: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2011-2013","volume":"17","author":"Bunnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0251","article-title":"Balancing the benefits and harms of e-cigarettes: a National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine report","volume":"168","author":"Rigotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1488","article-title":"Association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"Soneji","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"217","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use among adults: United States, 2014","author":"Schoenborn","year":"2015","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1814130","article-title":"Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017-2018\u2014U.S. national estimates","volume":"380","author":"Miech","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6745a5","article-title":"Notes from the field: use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students\u2014United States, 2011-2018","volume":"67","author":"Cullen","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-017-0747-5","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: their constituents and potential links to asthma","volume":"17","author":"Clapp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii11","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482","article-title":"Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu156","article-title":"Perception of e-cigarette harm and its correlation with use among U.S. adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Amrock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib17","article-title":"Impact of electronic cigarettes on the cardiovascular system","volume":"6","author":"Qasim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000471","article-title":"A\u00a0novel classification system for injuries after electronic cigarette explosions","volume":"38","author":"Patterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6836e2","article-title":"Severe pulmonary disease associated with electronic-cigarette-product use\u2014interim guidance","volume":"68","author":"Schier","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.29.1219","article-title":"Determination of carbonyl compounds generated from the E-cigarette using coupled silica cartridges impregnated with hydroquinone and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"29","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7165","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00842","article-title":"Triacetin enhances levels of acrolein, formaldehyde hemiacetals, and acetaldehyde in electronic cigarette aerosols","volume":"3","author":"Vreeke","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.010","article-title":"Aldehyde dehydrogenases in cellular responses to oxidative\/electrophilic stress","volume":"56","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.04.012","article-title":"Acute impact of tobacco vs electronic cigarette smoking on oxidative stress and vascular function","volume":"150","author":"Carnevale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00713.2017","article-title":"Chronic exposure to electronic cigarettes results in impaired cardiovascular function in mice","volume":"124","author":"Olfert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012317","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012317","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use and myocardial infarction among adults in the us population assessment of tobacco and health","volume":"8","author":"Bhatta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S175970","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular health: what do we know so far?","volume":"15","author":"MacDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2016.1158403","article-title":"Platelet activation, adhesion, inflammation, and aggregation potential are altered in the presence of electronic cigarette extracts of variable nicotine concentrations","volume":"27","author":"Hom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L705","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00492.2018","article-title":"Fourth generation e-cigarette vaping induces transient lung inflammation and gas exchange disturbances: results from two randomized clinical trials","volume":"316","author":"Chaumont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57987","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057987","article-title":"Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol","volume":"8","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii3","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051670","article-title":"Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051743","article-title":"One of several \u2018toys\u2019 for smoking: young adult experiences with electronic cigarettes in New York City","volume":"24","author":"McDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1089\/aivt.2016.0030","article-title":"Inflammatory response and barrier dysfunction by different e-cigarette flavoring chemicals identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in e-liquids and e-vapors on human lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts","volume":"3","author":"Gerloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl In\u00a0Vitro Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L278","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00452.2016","article-title":"Flavored e-cigarette liquids and cinnamaldehyde impair respiratory innate immune cell function","volume":"313","author":"Clapp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L475","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00567.2018","article-title":"The role of DJ-1 in human primary alveolar type II cell injury induced by e-cigarette aerosol","volume":"17","author":"Bahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L470","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00304.2018","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde in flavored e-cigarette liquids temporarily suppresses bronchial epithelial cell ciliary motility by dysregulation of mitochondrial function","volume":"316","author":"Clapp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-016-1378-3","article-title":"Electronic cigarette inhalation alters innate immunity and airway cytokines while increasing the virulence of colonizing bacteria","volume":"94","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Med (Berl)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.18001\/TRS.3.3.10","article-title":"Counterfeit electronic cigarette products with mislabeled nicotine concentrations","volume":"3","author":"Omaiye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tob Regul Sci"},{"issue":"e1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2015-052468","article-title":"Unexpected nicotine in Do-it-Yourself electronic cigarette flavourings","volume":"25","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu080","article-title":"Nicotine concentrations in electronic cigarette refill and do-it-yourself fluids","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.01130","article-title":"Inflammatory and oxidative responses induced by exposure to commonly used e-cigarette flavoring chemicals and flavored e-liquids without nicotine","volume":"8","author":"Muthumalage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib42","series-title":"Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results From the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib43","series-title":"E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1727","article-title":"High school students\u2019 use of electronic cigarettes to vaporize cannabis","volume":"136","author":"Morean","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.198","article-title":"US epidemiology of cannabis use and associated problems","volume":"43","author":"Hasin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9988","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120809988","article-title":"E-cigarettes: a review of new trends in cannabis use","volume":"12","author":"Giroud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.05.013","article-title":"A\u00a0new method of cannabis ingestion: the dangers of dabs?","volume":"39","author":"Loflin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e028535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028535","article-title":"Vaping cannabis among adolescents: prevalence and associations with tobacco use from a cross-sectional study in the USA","volume":"9","author":"Kowitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2016.1268162","article-title":"Predictors of adult e-cigarette users vaporizing cannabis using e-cigarettes and vape-pens","volume":"52","author":"Morean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.6.3424","article-title":"Oxidative stress produced by marijuana smoke: an adverse effect enhanced by cannabinoids","volume":"20","author":"Sarafian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.319","article-title":"Tracheobronchial histopathology in habitual smokers of cocaine, marijuana, and\/or tobacco","volume":"112","author":"Fligiel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06006.x","article-title":"Respiratory and immunologic consequences of marijuana smoking","volume":"42","author":"Tashkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199103073241003","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"324","author":"Denning","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199606270-00018","article-title":"Successfully treated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with smoking marijuana in a renal transplant recipient","volume":"61","author":"Marks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.2777","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with marijuana use in a man with colorectal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Cescon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00317","article-title":"Impact of cannabis, cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids in the lungs","volume":"7","author":"Turcotte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0b013e31828caa0d","article-title":"A\u00a0novel cause of eosinophilic pneumonia: recreational marijuana exposure","volume":"20","author":"Liebling","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bronchology Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.1986","article-title":"Cannabis inhalation and voice disorders: a systematic review","author":"Meehan-Atrash","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-3289(93)90061-F","article-title":"Pneumothorax in polysubstance-abusing marijuana and tobacco smokers: three cases","volume":"5","author":"Feldman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680409700908","article-title":"Bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in a cannabis smoker","volume":"97","author":"Goodyear","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0R Soc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.4.340","article-title":"Large lung bullae in marijuana smokers","volume":"55","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn040","article-title":"Cannabis as a cause of giant cystic lung disease","volume":"101","author":"Reece","year":"2008","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.07.039","article-title":"Emphysema and secondary pneumothorax in young adults smoking cannabis","volume":"32","author":"Beshay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib64","first-page":"1811","article-title":"Marijuana use and risk of lung cancer: a 40-year cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Callaghan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.022","article-title":"Smoking, vaping, eating: Is legalization impacting the way people use cannabis?","volume":"36","author":"Borodovsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butt YM, Smith ML, Tazelaar HD, et al. Pathology of vaping-associated lung injury [published online ahead of print October 31, 2019]. N Engl Med, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc1913069.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1913069"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib70","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products. CDC website, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e-cigarettes\/severe-lung-disease.html. Updated November 14, 2019. Accessed November 15, 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00282","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.282","article-title":"Lung injury associated with electronic cigarettes inhalation diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy","volume":"6","author":"Itoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib72","article-title":"Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin\u2014preliminary report","author":"Layden","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201602-101LE","article-title":"Severe pneumonitis after inhalation of butane hash oil","volume":"13","author":"McMahon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib74","first-page":"A4596","article-title":"Dabble with danger: a case of severe respiratory failure following inhalation of butane hash oil","volume":"191","author":"Stahlmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201612-974LE","article-title":"\u201cTree-in-bloom\u201d: severe acute lung injury induced by vaping cannabis oil","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83A","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.2281610","article-title":"Acute inhalational lung injury related to the use of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) [abstract]","volume":"148","author":"Atkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib77","first-page":"14","article-title":"The journey to ECMO could start with a single vape: a case of severe hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a pediatric patient","volume":"64","author":"Attis","year":"2018","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.09.034","article-title":"Case report of electronic cigarettes possibly associated with eosinophilic pneumonitis in a previously healthy active-duty sailor","volume":"47","author":"Thota","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib79","first-page":"100825","article-title":"Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following electronic cigarette use","volume":"27","author":"Arter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib80","first-page":"9724530","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage induced by vaping","volume":"2018","author":"Agustin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Pulmonol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382A","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.2274860","article-title":"Acute lipoid pneumonia secondary to e-cigarettes use: an unlikely replacement for cigarettes [abstract]","volume":"148","author":"Modi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1334","article-title":"An unexpected consequence of electronic cigarette use","volume":"141","author":"McCauley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12775","article-title":"Organizing pneumonia related to electronic cigarette use: a case report and review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00230","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.230","article-title":"Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease secondary to electronic nicotine delivery system use confirmed with open lung biopsy","volume":"5","author":"Flower","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib85","first-page":"87","article-title":"Heat-not-burn cigarettes induce fulminant acute eosinophilic pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"26","author":"Aokage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14558","article-title":"Prevalence of awareness, ever-use and current use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) among adult current smokers and ex-smokers in 14 countries with differing regulations on sales and marketing of NVPs: cross-sectional findings from the ITC Project","volume":"114","author":"Gravely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0B013E31802C889F","article-title":"Inhalation injury, pulmonary perturbations, and fluid resuscitation","volume":"28","author":"Endorf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000574","article-title":"Severity of inhalation injury is predictive of alterations in gas exchange and worsened clinical outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Sutton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201202-0320ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: the clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage cellular analysis in interstitial lung disease","volume":"185","author":"Meyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2016.12.005","article-title":"The ABCDEF bundle in critical care","volume":"33","author":"Marra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4236\/ojem.2015.33004","article-title":"Bilateral pneumonia and pleural effusion subsequent to electronic cigarette use","volume":"3","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib92","series-title":"In: Wedzicha J, ed. D22. Reducing Harms of Tobacco Use","first-page":"A6513","article-title":"Vapor lung: bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) in patients with e-cigarette use","author":"Mantilla","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00190","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.190","article-title":"Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following heat-not-burn cigarette smoking","volume":"4","author":"Kamada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirol Case Rep"},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.08.776","article-title":"Acute hypoxic respiratory failure with crazy paving associated with electronic cigarette use","volume":"152","author":"Sturek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3927","article-title":"Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome from e-cigarette use","volume":"141","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-224350","article-title":"Respiratory failure caused by lipoid pneumonia from vaping e-cigarettes","volume":"2018","author":"Viswam","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib97","first-page":"171","article-title":"Lung injury from inhaling butane hash oil mimics pneumonia","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1912038","article-title":"Pulmonary lipid-laden macrophages and vaping","volume":"381","author":"Maddock","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6836e1","article-title":"Outbreak of electronic-cigarette-associated acute lipoid pneumonia\u2014North Carolina, July-August 2019","volume":"68","author":"Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619619308808?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619619308808?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T01:31:28Z","timestamp":1758418288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619619308808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619619308808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"VpALI\u2014Vaping-related Acute Lung Injury: A New Killer Around the Block","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.10.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}