{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T03:10:59Z","timestamp":1784776259537,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","mayoclinicproceedings.org","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T04:43:17Z","timestamp":1713933797000},"page":"1261-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Non\u2013Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Cancer Mortality in Men"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3954-3665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Sparks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Lavie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-7311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemei","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib1","first-page":"5939","article-title":"Non-communicable diseases: the invisible epidemic","volume":"11","author":"Piovani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib2","series-title":"Invisible numbers: the true extent of noncommunicable diseases and what to do about them","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10258","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-020-00223-7","article-title":"Harnessing real-world evidence to reduce the burden of noncommunicable disease: health information technology and innovation to generate insights","volume":"21","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Serv Outcomes Res Method"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.574111","article-title":"Management and prevention strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors","volume":"8","author":"Budreviciute","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e653","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000461","article-title":"Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"134","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2022.04.011","article-title":"Making the case to measure and improve cardiorespiratory fitness in routine clinical practice","volume":"97","author":"Lavie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.02.004","article-title":"It\u2019s time to (again) recognize the considerable clinical and public health significance of cardiorespiratory fitness","volume":"81","author":"Kaminsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.05.031","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality risk across the spectra of age, race, and sex","volume":"80","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.05.030","article-title":"Fit is it for longevity across populations","volume":"80","author":"Lavie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.01.027","article-title":"Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and survival in patients with or without cardiovascular disease","volume":"81","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122849","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions with a focus on nutritional strategies to increase cardiorespiratory fitness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, obesity, sarcopenia, and frailty","volume":"11","author":"Billingsley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab028","article-title":"Sex differences in cardiorespiratory fitness are explained by blood volume and oxygen carrying capacity","volume":"118","author":"Diaz-Canestro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib14","article-title":"Age-related decline in peak oxygen uptake: cross-sectional vs. longitudinal findings. A review","volume":"16","author":"Letnes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1792-1_1","article-title":"An overview of the beneficial effects of exercise on health and performance","volume":"1228","author":"Kramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035550","article-title":"Sex differences in the prevalence of, and trends in, cardiovascular risk factors, treatment, and control in the United States, 2001 to 2016","volume":"139","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2022.02.029","article-title":"Objectively assessed cardiorespiratory fitness and all-cause mortality risk: an updated meta-analysis of 37 cohort studies involving 2,258,029 participants","volume":"197","author":"Laukkanen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01648-y","article-title":"Socioeconomic status, health-related behaviours, and death among older people: the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Khalatbari-Soltani","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.3.251","article-title":"Association among physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness, and risk of musculoskeletal injury","volume":"154","author":"Hootman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s12019-000-0006-9","article-title":"The association between physical activity, physical fitness, and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"26","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"Compr Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-017-0039-9","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with reduced risk of respiratory diseases in middle-aged Caucasian men: a long-term prospective cohort study","volume":"195","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00727-3","article-title":"Baseline and usual cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a prospective study and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies","volume":"45","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540030039029","article-title":"Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women","volume":"276","author":"Blair","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2019.8247","article-title":"Sex as a biological variable: a 5-year progress report and call to action","volume":"29","author":"Arnegard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib26","first-page":"675","article-title":"An experimental study of physical fitness of Air Force personnel","volume":"10","author":"Balke","year":"1959","journal-title":"US Armed Forces Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(76)80401-2","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative analysis of four protocols for maximal treadmill stress testing","volume":"92","author":"Pollock","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2007.01.009","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of nonfatal cardiovascular disease in women and men with hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Sui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2005.11.007","article-title":"Value of an endpoints committee versus the use of nosologists for validating cause of death","volume":"27","author":"Sesso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.019","article-title":"Sex differences in lifespan","volume":"23","author":"Austad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1159\/000381472","article-title":"Sex differences in longevity and in responses to anti-aging interventions: a mini-review","volume":"62","author":"Austad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F456","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00249.2019","article-title":"Sex differences in diabetes and kidney disease: mechanisms and consequences","volume":"317","author":"Shepard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-00998-5","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in chronic respiratory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"issue":"163","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0111-2021","article-title":"Just breathe: a review of sex and gender in chronic lung disease","volume":"31","author":"Somayaji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01398.2005","article-title":"Gender differences in the decline in aerobic capacity and its physiological determinants during the later decades of life","volume":"101","author":"Weiss","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib36","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"4","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1195","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100393","article-title":"Association of high amounts of physical activity with mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Blond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib38","first-page":"482","article-title":"Total mortality after changes in leisure time physical activity in 50 year old men: 35 year follow-up of population based cohort","volume":"43","author":"Byberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.01.049","article-title":"The influence of change in cardiorespiratory fitness with short-term exercise training on mortality risk from the Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle Study","volume":"94","author":"Imboden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzac067.045","article-title":"Prevalence of high cholesterol among the adult U.S. population: NHANES 2013-2018","volume":"6","author":"MacDonald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib45","series-title":"Diabetes in America","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes","author":"Cowie","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22431","article-title":"Measured maximal heart rates compared to commonly used age-based prediction equations in the Heritage Family Study","volume":"25","author":"Sarzynski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511003886","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in body composition associated with healthy ageing: men, aged 20-96 years","volume":"107","author":"Jackson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619623005992?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619623005992?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T23:42:15Z","timestamp":1731109335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619623005992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619623005992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Non\u2013Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Cancer Mortality in Men","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}