{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:53:49Z","timestamp":1785884029901,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1179727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1179727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","mcpiqojournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality &amp; Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T21:58:30Z","timestamp":1782856710000},"page":"100727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Prenatal Nutrition Interventions on Infant Longitudinal Growth: A Secondary Analysis of the Mumta Pregnant Women Trial in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5866-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneela","family":"Pasha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahiryar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Farrukh","family":"Qazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benazir","family":"Balouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1066-054X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javeria Bilal","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Imran","family":"Nisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5874-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fyezah","family":"Jehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10159","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1179\/2046905514Y.0000000158","article-title":"The stunting syndrome in developing countries","volume":"34","author":"Prendergast","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib5","first-page":"76","article-title":"WHO child growth standards based on length\/height, weight and age","volume":"450","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxac121","article-title":"Navigating linear and ponderal growth in undernourished children","volume":"152","author":"Hoffman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111565","article-title":"Determinants of malnutrition among children: a systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Katoch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"10282","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00394-9","article-title":"Revisiting maternal and child undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries: variable progress towards an unfinished agenda","volume":"397","author":"Victora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt109","article-title":"Risk of childhood undernutrition related to small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"42","author":"Christian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.216374","article-title":"Short maternal stature increases risk of small-for-gestational-age and preterm births in low- and middle-income countries: individual participant data meta-analysis and population attributable fraction","volume":"145","author":"Kozuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e298","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00449-2","article-title":"The effects of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation and small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation on small vulnerable newborn types in low-income and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.060","article-title":"Nutritional management of the low birth weight\/preterm infant in community settings: a perspective from the developing world","volume":"162","author":"Imdad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0264","article-title":"Effect of nj \u2216 repeated treatment of pregnant women with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and azithromycin on preterm delivery in Malawi: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Luntamo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081823","article-title":"Choline: exploring the growing science on its benefits for moms and babies","volume":"11","author":"Korsmo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646918776658","article-title":"The influence of nicotinamide on health and disease in the central nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Fricker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Tryptophan Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib17","series-title":"Effect of balanced energy protein supplementation, azithromycin and micronutrients during pregnancy on birth outcomes- a four arm assessor blinded open-label randomized controlled trial","author":"Jehan","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9946","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6","article-title":"International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project","volume":"384","author":"Villar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib20","series-title":"Stata statistical software","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9611","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60172-5","article-title":"Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on children\u2019s weight and size at 2 years of age in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"371","author":"Vaidya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.032","article-title":"Growth from birth through six months for infants of mothers in the \u201cwomen first\u201d preconception maternal nutrition trial","volume":"229","author":"Krebs","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004186","article-title":"Fortified balanced energy-protein supplementation during pregnancy and lactation and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial individually randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Argaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0258-3","article-title":"Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine plus azithromycin for the prevention of low birthweight in Papua New Guinea: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Unger","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003618","article-title":"A novel intervention combining supplementary food and infection control measures to improve birth outcomes in undernourished pregnant women in Sierra Leone: a randomized, controlled clinical effectiveness trial","volume":"18","author":"Hendrixson","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0496","article-title":"The impact of antenatal azithromycin and monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine on maternal malaria during pregnancy and fetal growth: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Hallamaa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2459","article-title":"Child health outcomes after presumptive infection treatment in pregnant women: A randomized trial","volume":"141","author":"Hallamaa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38821-2","article-title":"Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine plus azithromycin may improve birth outcomes through impacts on inflammation and placental angiogenesis independent of malarial infection","volume":"9","author":"Unger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000300","article-title":"Nonantimicrobial actions of macrolides: overview and perspectives for future development","volume":"73","author":"Kricker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(25)00405-X","article-title":"Beyond malaria: can intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine reduce the number of small vulnerable newborns globally?","volume":"14","author":"Unger","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020443","article-title":"Macronutrient and micronutrient intake during pregnancy: an overview of recent evidence","volume":"11","author":"Mousa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.10.009","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of nicotinamide, a vitamin B(3) derivative, are elicited by FoxO3 in human gestational tissues: implications for preterm birth","volume":"22","author":"Lappas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13450","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614947113","article-title":"Nicotinamide benefits both mothers and pups in two contrasting mouse models of preeclampsia","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111444","article-title":"Maternal vitamin B3 and C intake in pregnancy influence birth weight at term","volume":"91-92","author":"Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_926_16","article-title":"Comprehensive maternal characteristics associated with birth weight: bayesian modeling in a prospective cohort study from Iran","volume":"22","author":"Mansourian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12433","article-title":"Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and its association to birth size in rural Malawi: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Hjertholm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-004-0491-1","article-title":"Micronutrient intake during pregnancy in relation to birth size","volume":"44","author":"Lagiou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.134","article-title":"The association of maternal diet and dietary supplement intake in pregnant New Zealand women with infant birthweight","volume":"64","author":"Watson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab050","article-title":"Choline and docosahexaenoic acid during the first 1000 days and children\u2019s health and development in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"80","author":"Bragg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700692RR","article-title":"Maternal choline supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy improves infant information processing speed: a randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding study","volume":"32","author":"Caudill","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101217R","article-title":"Prenatal choline supplementation improves child sustained attention: A 7-year follow-up of a randomized controlled feeding trial","volume":"36","author":"Bahnfleth","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13769","article-title":"Efficacy of maternal choline supplementation during pregnancy in mitigating adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on growth and cognitive function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Jacobson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.129684","article-title":"The association of serum choline with linear growth failure in young children from rural Malawi","volume":"104","author":"Semba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab177","article-title":"Maternal plasma choline and betaine in late pregnancy and child growth up to age 8 years in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study","volume":"114","author":"Molt\u00f3-Puigmart\u00ed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.06.008","article-title":"Effect of maternal postnatal balanced energy protein supplementation and infant azithromycin on infant growth outcomes: an open-label randomized controlled trial","volume":"120","author":"Muhammad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality &amp; Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2542454826000342?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2542454826000342?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:32:35Z","timestamp":1785882755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2542454826000342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2542454826000342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727","relation":{},"ISSN":["2542-4548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2542-4548","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of Prenatal Nutrition Interventions on Infant Longitudinal Growth: A Secondary Analysis of the Mumta Pregnant Women Trial in Pakistan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2026.100727","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100727"}}