{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T02:44:17Z","timestamp":1785897857619,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021558","name":"University of the Philippines Mindanao","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021558","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007421","name":"University of the Philippines","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mathematical Biosciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T15:45:49Z","timestamp":1780933549000},"page":"109732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploring meteorological drivers in the transmission dynamics of viral and bacterial diarrhea: A modeling study in Davao City, Philippines"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"399","author":[{"given":"Hazel Lorraine B.","family":"Daul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy Grace M.","family":"Panogalinog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamerto Jr. J.","family":"Brina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis Erich S.","family":"Almocera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherelyn A.","family":"Evangelio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"May Anne E.","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0001","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Diarrhoeal disease, fact sheet, 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diarrhoeal-disease."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0002","unstructured":"GMA News, Diarrhea kills 10,000 Pinoy kids every year \u2013 WHO, 2008, (GMA News Online). https:\/\/www.gmanetwork.com\/news\/topstories\/nation\/119921\/diarrhea-kills-10-000-pinoy-kids-every-year-who\/story\/."},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0003.1","unstructured":"GBD Diarrhoeal Diseases Collaborators, Estimates of global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoeal diseases: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015, Lancet Infect. Dis. 17"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0003.2","unstructured":"(9) (2017) 909-948. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30276-1."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2022.06.005","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in five Southeast Asian countries","volume":"66","author":"Arifin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268822000826","article-title":"Improper handling of vomitus as a risk factor in the human norovirus outbreak in a kindergarten in Wuyi county, Zhejiang province, China","volume":"150","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804575","article-title":"Norovirus gastroenteritis","volume":"361","author":"Glass","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.071114","article-title":"Systematic literature review of role of noroviruses in sporadic gastroenteritis","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9888","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (GEMS)","volume":"382","author":"Kotloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001651","article-title":"Incubation periods of enteric illnesses in foodborne outbreaks, United States, 1998\u20132013","volume":"147","author":"Chai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113924","article-title":"Pathogen-specific response of infectious gastroenteritis to ambient temperature","volume":"240","author":"Sung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.3390\/w12061796","article-title":"Physical factors impacting the survival and occurrence of Escherichia coli in secondary habitats","volume":"12","author":"Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13042","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02092","article-title":"Systems approach to climate, water, and diarrhea in Hubli-Dharwad, India","volume":"50","author":"Mellor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.10.068","article-title":"Climate variations and Salmonella infection in Australian subtropical and tropical regions","volume":"408","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8191","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18158191","article-title":"Association between ambient temperature and severe diarrhoea in the national capital region, Philippines","volume":"18","author":"Chua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0015","unstructured":"R.L. Llemit, City health: contaminated food cause of diarrhea outbreak in Toril, 2022, (SunStar Philippines)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0016","unstructured":"C. Cudis, Davao City confirms diarrhea outbreak due to food contamination, 2022, (Philippine News Agency)."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030722","article-title":"Alert threshold algorithms and malaria epidemic detection","volume":"10","author":"Teklehaimanot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0018","unstructured":"World Health Organization, A Guide to Establishing Event-Based Surveillance, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2008. Accessed: 2026-05-01. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstreams\/739d9953-31c0-4fe6-ba19-103592727d73\/download."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0019","series-title":"Basic Econometrics","author":"Gujarati","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56207-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of infectious diarrhoea and the relationship with etiological and meteorological factors in Jiangsu province, China","volume":"9","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125221076142","article-title":"On correlation coefficients and their interpretation","volume":"49","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-302","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical features of rotavirus and norovirus infection among children in Ji\u2019nan, China","volume":"10","author":"Sai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.04.007","article-title":"Immunity to enteric viruses","volume":"55","author":"Lockhart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2024.01333","article-title":"Enteric pathogens implicated in acute infectious diarrhea among young children in resource-limited region with rapidly growing population: a hospital-based cross-sectional study","volume":"68","author":"Al-Mashahedah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0025","unstructured":"M. Chiejina, H. Samant, Viral diarrhea, 2023, (StatPearls [Internet]). StatPearls Publishing. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470525\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0026","unstructured":"Philippine Statistics Authority, Population and housing, 2015, (Philippine Statistics Authority [Internet]). Republic of the Philippines, https:\/\/psa.gov.ph\/statistics\/population-and-housing\/node\/2288."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2025.112047","article-title":"Discovering the climate dependent disease transmission mechanism through learning-explaining framework","volume":"601","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2022.03.011","article-title":"Climate-sensitive disease outbreaks in the aftermath of extreme climatic events: a scoping review","volume":"5","author":"Alcayna","year":"2022","journal-title":"One Earth"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186933","article-title":"Effect of climatic variability on childhood diarrhea and its high risk periods in northwestern parts of Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Azage","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis357","article-title":"Relapse versus reinfection: recurrent clostridium difficile infection following treatment with fidaxomicin or vancomycin","volume":"55","author":"Figueroa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix500","article-title":"Rapid clearance and frequent reinfection with enteric pathogens among children with acute diarrhea in Zanzibar","volume":"65","author":"Andersson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0032","article-title":"A mathematical, classical stratification modeling approach to disentangling the impact of weather on infectious diseases","volume":"20","author":"Lo Iacono","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2782","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1719579115","article-title":"Modeling environmentally mediated rotavirus transmission: the role of temperature and hydrologic factors","volume":"115","author":"Kraay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00003-1","article-title":"Associations between ambient temperature and enteric infections by pathogen: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Chua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0035","article-title":"The impact of temperature and precipitation on infectious diarrheal disease in Taiwan","volume":"862","author":"Andhikaputra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002688","article-title":"Hydrometeorology and flood pulse dynamics drive diarrheal disease outbreaks","volume":"15","author":"Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0037","article-title":"Effect of ambient temperatures on notifiable infectious diarrhea in China","volume":"759","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.11.030","article-title":"Distributed lags time series analysis versus linear correlation analysis","volume":"37","author":"Erdelji\u0107","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"issue":"9202","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)82010-3","article-title":"Effects of El Ni\u00f1o and ambient temperature on hospital admissions for diarrhoeal diseases in Peruvian children","volume":"355","author":"Checkley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7928","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00928","article-title":"Fecal indicator bacteria along multiple environmental transmission pathways and subsequent child diarrhea in rural Bangladesh","volume":"52","author":"Pickering","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0778","article-title":"Quantification of human norovirus GII on hands of mothers with children under the age of five years in Bagamoyo, Tanzania","volume":"93","author":"Mattioli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09479-w","article-title":"Healthcare seeking behavior and antibiotic use for diarrhea among children in rural Bangladesh before seeking care at a healthcare facility","volume":"15","author":"Dash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130105","article-title":"Diarrheal illness and healthcare seeking behavior in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12976-018-0097-6","article-title":"Assessing parameter identifiability in compartmental dynamic models","volume":"16","author":"Roosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theor. Biol. Med. Model."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.09.001","article-title":"Modeling the impact of climate variability on diarrhea-associated diseases in Taiwan (1996\u20132007)","volume":"409","author":"Chou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2023.2295015","article-title":"Combatting infectious diarrhea: innovations in treatment and vaccination strategies","volume":"23","author":"Chavda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv296","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and diarrhoeal diseases","volume":"45","author":"Carlton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4905","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b06186","article-title":"Untangling the impacts of climate change on waterborne diseases: a systematic review of relationships between diarrheal diseases and temperature, rainfall, flooding, and drought","volume":"50","author":"Levy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192215345","article-title":"The effects of ventilation, humidity, and temperature on bacterial growth and bacterial genera distribution","volume":"19","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"6227","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4339","article-title":"Modeling infectious disease dynamics in the complex landscape of global health","volume":"347","author":"Heesterbeek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7206","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07084","article-title":"Inapparent infections and cholera dynamics","volume":"454","author":"King","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-007-0109-4","article-title":"Climate variations and salmonellosis transmission in Adelaide, South Australia: a comparison between regression models","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03968.x","article-title":"Seasonality of viral infections: mechanisms and unknowns","volume":"18","author":"Fisman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2006.03.001","article-title":"The epidemiologic and clinical importance of norovirus infection","volume":"35","author":"Atmar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732_bib0055","unstructured":"I.F.C. Mendoza, 41 degrees celsius heat index in Davao City, 2023, SunStar Publishing Inc.https:\/\/www.sunstar.com.ph\/davao\/local-news\/41-degrees-celsius-heat-index-in-davao-city."}],"container-title":["Mathematical Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025556426001227?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025556426001227?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:45:54Z","timestamp":1785894354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025556426001227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0025556426001227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-5564"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-5564","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring meteorological drivers in the transmission dynamics of viral and bacterial diarrhea: A modeling study in Davao City, Philippines","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mathematical Biosciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mbs.2026.109732","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109732"}}