{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:34:05Z","timestamp":1790231645409,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,12]],"date-time":"2006-06-12T17:01:05Z","timestamp":1150131665000},"page":"187-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Female sexual maturation and reproduction after prepubertal exposure to estrogens and endocrine disrupting chemicals: A review of rodent and human data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"254-255","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Rasier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Toppari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.-S.","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-P.","family":"Bourguignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1997.1108","article-title":"Activity of raloxifene in immature and ovariectomized rat uterotrophic assays","volume":"25","author":"Ashby","year":"1997","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1997.1159","article-title":"Normal sexual development of rats exposed to butyl benzyl phthalate from conception to weaning","volume":"26","author":"Ashby","year":"1997","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106719","article-title":"Uterotrophic activity of bisphenol A in the immature rat","volume":"106","author":"Ashby","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh283","article-title":"Gene expression changes in the immature rat uterus: effects of uterotrophic and subuterotrophic doses of bisphenol A","volume":"82","author":"Ashby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1210\/en.141.10.3898","article-title":"Comparative effects of neonatal exposure of male rats to potent and weak (environmental) estrogens on spermatogenesis at puberty and the relationship to adult testis size and fertility: evidence for stimulatory effects of low estrogens levels","volume":"141","author":"Atanassova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-116-4-1565","article-title":"Ontogeny of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) and pituitary GnRH receptors in fetal and neonatal rats","volume":"116","author":"Aubert","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(98)00101-X","article-title":"Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. I. Assessment of estrogenicity using a combination of in vivo and in vitro assays","volume":"37","author":"Baker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.5.446","article-title":"Relation of childhood diet and body size to menarche and adolescent growth in girls","volume":"152","author":"Berkey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-172-41552","article-title":"Critical period of neonatal estrogen exposure in occurrence of mammary gland abnormalities in adult mice","volume":"172","author":"Bern","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(95)00118-J","article-title":"Estrogenic activity of an environmentally persistent alkylphenol in the reproductive tract but not the brain of rodents","volume":"54","author":"Bicknell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-216-44195","article-title":"Disruption of rat estrous cyclicity by the environmental estrogen 4-tert-octylphenol","volume":"216","author":"Blake","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.2.255","article-title":"Chronic administration of the environmental pollutant 4-tert-octylphenol to adult male rats interferes with the secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin and testosterone","volume":"57","author":"Blake","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200011000-00005","article-title":"Age at menarche and tanner stage in girls exposed in utero and postnatally to polybrominated biphenyl","volume":"11","author":"Blanck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.3109\/00498257309151602","article-title":"Studies on the metabolism of ethynylestradiol in vitro and in vivo: the significance of 2-hydroxylation and the formation of polar products","volume":"3","author":"Bolt","year":"1973","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(79)90018-4","article-title":"Metabolism of estrogens natural and synthetic","volume":"4","author":"Bolt","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-114-5-1941","article-title":"Age-related increase in episodic LHRH release from rat hypothalamus in vitro","volume":"114","author":"Bourguignon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2003.00991.x","article-title":"The effects of the phytoestrogen and coumestrol on gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA expression in GT1-7 GnRH neurones","volume":"15","author":"Bowe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.1210\/en.141.10.3657","article-title":"Resveratrol acts as a mixed agonist\/antagonist for estrogen receptor \u03b1 and \u03b2","volume":"141","author":"Bowers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(88)90150-3","article-title":"Uterine abnormalities in rats exposed neonatally to diethylstilbestrol, ethynylestradiol or clomiphene citrate","volume":"51","author":"Branham","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500174","article-title":"Measurement of bisphenol A levels in human urine","volume":"11","author":"Brock","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1080\/15287397809529709","article-title":"Interactions of methoxychlor, methoxychlor base soluble contaminant and 2,2-bis(p-hydoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane with rat uterine estrogen receptor","volume":"4","author":"Bulger","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(78)90003-X","article-title":"Interactions of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides with the 8S estrogen-binding protein in rat testes","volume":"32","author":"Bulger","year":"1978","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/50.1.36","article-title":"Normal reproductive organ development in CF-1 mice following prenatal exposure to bisphenol A","volume":"50","author":"Cagen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0720211","article-title":"Releasing factor and hormonal changes in the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadotrophin and -adrenocorticotrophin systems before and after birth and puberty in male, female and androgenized female rats","volume":"72","author":"Chiappa","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1997.7013","article-title":"Interactions of gonadal steroids and pesticides (DDT and DDE) on gonadal duct in larval tiger salamanders Ambystoma tigrinum","volume":"109","author":"Clark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13776-2","article-title":"DDT and DDE exposure in mothers and time to pregnancy in daughters","volume":"361","author":"Cohn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101378","article-title":"Developmental effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans","volume":"101","author":"Colborn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108895","article-title":"Identification of phthalate esters in the serum of young Puerto Rican girls with premature breast development","volume":"108","author":"Colon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(89)90148-8","article-title":"Effects of lindane on hormonal control of reproductive function in the female rat","volume":"99","author":"Cooper","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.13.1018","article-title":"Reduced rate of male to female births in several industrial countries: a sentinel health indicator?","volume":"279","author":"Davis","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110771","article-title":"Sexual maturation in relation to polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons: Sharpe and Skakkebaek's hypothesis revisited","volume":"110","author":"Den Hond","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib32","first-page":"935","article-title":"Neonatal estradiol exposure alters mouse mammary estrogen receptor alpha expression","volume":"16","author":"DiPaolo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Further studies on the hypothalamic desensitization to estrogen in immature female rats: evidence for a possible role in the control of puberty","volume":"77","author":"Docke","year":"1981","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90242-7","article-title":"Pre- and postnatal influence of testosterone and diethylstilbestrol on differentiation of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in male and female rats","volume":"302","author":"D\u00f6hler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drouva, S.V., Gautron, J.P., Pattou, E., Laplante, E., Kordon, C., 1986. Effects of estradiol and progesterone on immunoreactive forms of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology 43, 32\u201337.","DOI":"10.1159\/000124505"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib36","first-page":"305","article-title":"Biological effects of synthetic gonanes","volume":"22","author":"Edgren","year":"1966","journal-title":"Rec. Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib37","first-page":"947","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicity of endocrine disrupters: focus on estrogens","volume":"21","author":"Ferguson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2000.00552.x","article-title":"Glutamatergic regulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone mRNA level during development in the mouse","volume":"12","author":"Ford","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040000186","article-title":"Differential response of immature rat uterine tissue to ethynylestradiol and the red wine constituent resveratrol","volume":"74","author":"Freyberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00033-2","article-title":"Reproductive effects of dietary soy in female Wistar rats","volume":"37","author":"Gallo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14138","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.14138","article-title":"Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in grapes and wine, is an agonist for the estrogen receptor","volume":"94","author":"Gehm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(00)90012-X","article-title":"Pubertal growth and development, and prenatal and lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene","volume":"136","author":"Gladen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5281","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-17-05281.1996","article-title":"Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and NMDA receptor gene expression and colocalization change during puberty in female rats","volume":"16","author":"Gore","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1210\/en.140.5.2280","article-title":"Mechanisms for the regulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone gene expression in the developing mouse","volume":"140","author":"Gore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(02)00010-2","article-title":"Organochlorine pesticides directly regulate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone gene expression and biosynthesis in the GT1-7 hypothalamic cell line","volume":"192","author":"Gore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2002.00845.x","article-title":"A novel mechanism for endocrine-disrupting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls: direct effects on gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones","volume":"14","author":"Gore","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(98)00084-7","article-title":"Bisphenol A interacts with the estrogen receptor \u03b1 in a distinct manner from estradiol","volume":"142","author":"Gould","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(88)90032-9","article-title":"The development of a protocol to assess reproductive effects of toxicants in the rat","volume":"2","author":"Gray","year":"1988","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(89)90065-1","article-title":"A dose-response analysis of methoxychlor-induced alterations of reproductive development and function in the rat","volume":"12","author":"Gray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(98)00287-2","article-title":"Tiered screening and testing strategy for xenoestrogens and antiandrogens","volume":"102\u2013103","author":"Gray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379801400111","article-title":"Effects of pesticides and toxic substances on behavioral and morphological reproductive development: endocrine versus nonendocrine mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Gray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib52","series-title":"William's Textbook of Endocrinology","first-page":"1509","article-title":"Puberty: ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology and disorders","author":"Grumbach","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-003-0487-9","article-title":"Yucheng: health effects of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans","volume":"77","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00437-1","article-title":"Comparison of an array of in vitro assays for the assessment of the estrogenic potential of natural and synthetic estrogens, phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens","volume":"166","author":"Gutendorf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(93)90248-6","article-title":"Acute and permanent growth effects in the mouse uterus after neonatal treatment with estrogens","volume":"7","author":"Halling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(03)80550-0","article-title":"Sex ratio in the offspring of male radiologists","volume":"8","author":"Hama","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod30.2.471","article-title":"Prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure in the mouse: effects on ovarian histology and steroidogenesis in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Haney","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8710","article-title":"Developmental exposure of rats to a reconstituted PCB mixture or aroclor 1254: effects on organ weights, aromatase activity, sex hormone levels and sweet preference behavior","volume":"158","author":"Hany","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220767","article-title":"Pubertal acceleration of pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone release in male rats as revealed by microdialysis","volume":"144","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/ssu.2980060609","article-title":"Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix secondary to intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol","volume":"6","author":"Herbst","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.46.773","article-title":"Differential interactions of bisphenol A and 17\u03b2-estradiol with estrogen receptor \u03b1 (ER\u03b1) and ER\u03b2","volume":"46","author":"Hiroi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1258\/136218004774202355","article-title":"Endocrine disrupters and menopausal health","volume":"10","author":"Holmes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Br. Menopause Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106581","article-title":"Characterization of estrogenicity of phytoestrogens in an endometrial-derived experimental model","volume":"106","author":"Hopert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/44517","article-title":"Exposure to bisphenol A advances puberty","volume":"401","author":"Howdeshell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90189-2","article-title":"Effects of prenatal exposure of mice to \u201clow-dose\u201d diethylstilbestrol and the developmental adenomyosis associated with evidence of hyperprolactinemia","volume":"144","author":"Huseby","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.1162","article-title":"Neonatal estrogen exposure inhibits steroidogenesis in the developing rat ovary","volume":"221","author":"Ikeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00306-3","article-title":"Potential endocrine-modulating effects of various phytoestrogens in the diet","volume":"16","author":"Jefferson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.041277","article-title":"Adverse effects on female development and reproduction in CD-1 mice following neonatal exposure to the phytoestrogen genistein at environmentally relevant doses","volume":"73","author":"Jefferson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60172a017","article-title":"Comparative metabolism of methoxychlor, methiochlor and DDT in mouse, insects and in a model ecosystem","volume":"18","author":"Kapoor","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(03)00002-9","article-title":"Changes in reproductive organs of female rats treated with bisphenol A during the neonatal period","volume":"17","author":"Kato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/375581a0","article-title":"Persistent DDT metabolite p,p\u2032-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist","volume":"375","author":"Kelce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6943.1520","article-title":"Organochlorines in the environment and breast cancer","volume":"308","author":"Key","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(02)00028-X","article-title":"Comparative estrogenic effects of p-nonylphenol by 3-day uterotrophic assay and female pubertal onset assay","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib74","series-title":"Casarett and Doull's Toxicology, the Basic Science of Poisons","first-page":"12","article-title":"Principles of toxicology","author":"Klaassen","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.1.468","article-title":"Estrogenic activity in vivo and in vitro of some diethylstilbestrol metabolites and analogs","volume":"75","author":"Korach","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1210\/en.132.6.2279","article-title":"Bisphenol A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving","volume":"132","author":"Krishnan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.5.1020","article-title":"Sexual precocity after immigration from developing countries to Belgium: evidence of previous exposure to organochlorine pesticides","volume":"16","author":"Krstevska-Konstantinova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(02)00251-1","article-title":"Low-dose effects of bisphenol A on sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior in rats","volume":"45","author":"Kubo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2005.01.029","article-title":"Brain aromatase in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): molecular characterization and role in xenoestrogen-induced sex reversal","volume":"96","author":"Kuhl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/55.2.399","article-title":"Pubertal development and reproductive functions of Crl: CDBR Sprague\u2013Dawley rats exposed to bisphenol A during prenatal and postnatal development","volume":"55","author":"Kwon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/54.1.154","article-title":"Estrogenic activity of octylphenol, nonylphenol, bisphenol A and methoxychlor in rats","volume":"54","author":"Laws","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod56.2.293","article-title":"New concepts of the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotrophin surges in rats","volume":"56","author":"Levine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-208-43832","article-title":"The effect of prenatal exposure to the phytoestrogen genistein on sexual differentiation in rats","volume":"208","author":"Levy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1995.1157","article-title":"Reproductive effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in female rats: ovulation, hormonal regulation and possible mechanism(s)","volume":"133","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.8044","article-title":"2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increases release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary of immature female rats in vivo and in vitro","volume":"142","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/65.4.1215","article-title":"In utero exposure to bisphenol A alters the development and tissue organization of the mouse mammary gland","volume":"65","author":"Markey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8430308","article-title":"Search for a killer: focus shifts from fat to hormones","volume":"259","author":"Marshall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-103-5-1860","article-title":"Phytoestrogen interaction with estrogen receptors in human breast cancer cells","volume":"103","author":"Martin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/52.2.269","article-title":"Evaluation of the EDSTAC female pubertal assay in CD rats using 17\u03b2-estradiol, steroid biosynthesis inhibitors and a thyroid inhibitor","volume":"52","author":"Marty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590400021060","article-title":"High incidence of central precocious puberty in a bounded geographic area of Northwest Tuscany: an estrogen disrupter epidemic?","volume":"20","author":"Massart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1259","article-title":"Estradiol stimulation of pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion in vitro: correlation with perinatal exposure to sex steroids and induction of sexual precocity in vivo","volume":"145","author":"Matagne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1210\/en.142.3.1202","article-title":"Phytoestrogens and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity and pituitary luteinizing hormone release in the rat","volume":"142","author":"McGarvey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.112-a541b","article-title":"Phthalate exposure and early thelarche","volume":"112","author":"McKee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)46520-9","article-title":"Reduced fertility in female mice exposed transplacentally to diethylstilbestrol (DES)","volume":"38","author":"McLachlan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.877525","article-title":"Estrogens and development","volume":"75","author":"McLachlan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-208-43833","article-title":"Effects of coumestrol and equol on the developing reproductive tract of the rat","volume":"208","author":"Medlock","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)90738-3","article-title":"Vaginal cancer: the role of infectious and environmental factors","volume":"165","author":"Merino","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690479","article-title":"The two phytoestrogens genistein and quercetin exert different effects on estrogen receptor function","volume":"80","author":"Miodini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02290-X","article-title":"Paternal concentrations of dioxin and sex ratio of offspring","volume":"355","author":"Mocarelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1460357","article-title":"Spermaturia and serum hormone concentrations at the age of puberty in boys prenatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls","volume":"146","author":"Mol","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1210\/en.141.12.4486","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) biosynthesis and secretion in embryonic LHRH","volume":"141","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/57.5.1057","article-title":"Long-term effects of neonatal steroids exposure on mammary gland development and tumorigenesis in mice","volume":"57","author":"Mori","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0340","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A alters peripubertal mammary gland development in mice","volume":"146","author":"Munoz-de-Toro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib104","first-page":"257","article-title":"Brain aromatization of androgens","volume":"39","author":"Naftolin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(00)00105-2","article-title":"Effect of butyl benzyl phthalate in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats after gavage administeration: a two-generation reproductive study","volume":"14","author":"Nagao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod31.4.723","article-title":"Prepubertal treatment with estrogen or testosterone precipitates the loss of regular estrous cyclicity and normal gonadotrophin secretion in adult female rats","volume":"31","author":"Nass","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00307a005","article-title":"Estrogenicity of coumestrol in the mouse: fluorescence detection of interaction with estrogen receptors","volume":"23","author":"Nelson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod28.3.735","article-title":"Exposure to diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy permanent alters the ovary and oviduct","volume":"28","author":"Newbold","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.9.1655","article-title":"Increased tumors but uncompromised fertility in the female descendants of mice exposed developmentally to diethylstilbestrol","volume":"19","author":"Newbold","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1997.1100","article-title":"The rodent uterotrophic assay: critical protocol features, studies with nonylphenols and comparison with a yeast estrogenicity assay","volume":"25","author":"Odum","year":"1997","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01606","article-title":"Modulation of estrogen receptor signalling by association with the activated dioxin receptor","volume":"423","author":"Ohtake","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000124535","article-title":"Activation of estradiol-positive feedback at puberty: estradiol sensitizes the LHRH-releasing system at two different biochemical steps","volume":"43","author":"Ojeda","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012532104-4\/50077-9","article-title":"Neuroendocrine regulation of puberty","volume":"75","author":"Ojeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm. Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2001.1697","article-title":"Effects of prenatal exposure to low doses of diethylstilbestrol, o,p\u2032-DDT and methoxychlor on postnatal growth and neurobehavioral development in male and female mice","volume":"40","author":"Palanza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0019","article-title":"The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends and changes after migration","volume":"24","author":"Parent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.033167","article-title":"Factors accounting for perinatal occurrence of pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion in vitro in rats","volume":"72","author":"Parent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.3.292","article-title":"Pathogenesis and epidemiology of precocious puberty. Effects of exogenous estrogens","volume":"7","author":"Partsch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.010439","article-title":"2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) stimulates gonadotrophin secretion in the immature female Sprague\u2013Dawley rat through a pentobarbital- and estradiol-sensitive mechanism but does not alter gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by immortalized GnRH neurons in vitro","volume":"68","author":"Petroff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1984.tb00266.x","article-title":"Dibromochloropropane-induced reduction of the sex ratio in man","volume":"16","author":"Potashnik","year":"1984","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-76-6-1158","article-title":"Advancement of puberty in the female rat by estrogen","volume":"76","author":"Ramirez","year":"1965","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib121","unstructured":"Rasier, G., Matagne, V., Parent, A.S., Gerard, A., Lebrethon, M.C., Bourguignon, J.P., 2005. Estradiol and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane administration in infantile female rats: similar stimulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion in vitro and sexual maturation in vivo through different receptor mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the 87th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society. San Diego: Endocrine Society, p. 190."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)77215-9","article-title":"Sex ratio after exposure to dioxin-like chemicals in Taiwan","volume":"353","author":"Rogan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.1210\/en.140.11.5045","article-title":"Estrogen directly represses gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression in estrogen receptor alpha (ER\u03b1)- and ER\u03b2-expressing GT1-7 GnRH neurons","volume":"140","author":"Roy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109675","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to low doses of bisphenol A affects body weight, patterns of estrous cyclicity and plasma LH levels","volume":"109","author":"Rubin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6271","article-title":"Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development","volume":"111","author":"Saiyed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2001.4293","article-title":"Declining Minamata male birth ratio associated with increased male fetal death due to heavy methylmercury pollution","volume":"87","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib127","first-page":"2508","article-title":"Fetal exposure to endocrine disrupters","volume":"58","author":"Sakurai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nippon Rinsho"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.06.045","article-title":"Effect of oral intake of dibutyl phthalate on reproductive parameters of Long\u2013Evans rats and prepubertal development of their offspring","volume":"205","author":"Salazar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib129","first-page":"2395","article-title":"Diethylstilbestrol exposure","volume":"69","author":"Schrager","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020880","article-title":"Blood lead concentration and delayed puberty in girls","volume":"348","author":"Selevan","year":"2003","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sisk, C.L., Richardson, H.N., Chappell, P.E., Levine, J.E., 2001. In vivo gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion in female rats during peripubertal development and on proestrus. Endocrinology 142, 2929\u20132936.","DOI":"10.1210\/en.142.7.2929"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soto, A.M., Chung, K.L., Sonnenschein, C., 1994. The pesticides endosulfan, toxaphene and dieldrin have estrogenic effects on human estrogen-sensitive cells. Environ. Health Perspect. 102, 380\u2013383.","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.94102380"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soto, A.M., Fernandez, M.F., Luizzi, M.F., Oles Karasko, A.S., Sonnenschein, C., 1997. Developing a marker of exposure to xenoestrogen mixtures in human serum. Environ. Health Perspect. 105, 647\u2013654.","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105s3647"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staessen, J.A., Nawrot, T., Hond, E.D., Thijs, L., Fagard, R., Hoppenbrouwers, K., Koppen, G., Nelen, V., Schoeters, G., Vanderschueren, D., Van Hecke, E., Verschaeve, L., Vlietinck, R., Roels, H.A., 2001. Renal function, cytogenetic measurements and sexual development in adolescents in relation to environmental pollutants: a feasibility study of biomarkers. Lancet 357, 1660\u20131669.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04822-4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeyoshi, M., Yamasaki, K., Sawaki, M., Nakai, M., Noda, S., Takatsuki, M., 2002. The efficacy of endocrine disruptor screening tests in detecting antiestrogenic effects downstream of receptor-ligand interactions. Toxicol. Lett. 126, 91\u201398.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(01)00446-5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90227-2","article-title":"Postnatal influence of diethylstilbestrol on the differentiation of the sexually dimorphic nucleus in the rat is as effective as perinatal treatment","volume":"456","author":"Tarttelin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(01)63004-8","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons: mechanism of pulsatile LHRH release","volume":"63","author":"Terasawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib138","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Growth of mouse mammary glands after neonatal sex hormone treatment","volume":"69","author":"Tomooka","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104s4741","article-title":"Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens","volume":"104","author":"Toppari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-351X(98)80529-6","article-title":"Sexual differentiation and environmental endocrine disrupters","volume":"12","author":"Toppari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bailliere's Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35377","article-title":"Environmental endocrine disrupters and disorders of sexual differentiation","volume":"20","author":"Toppari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199709)56:3<220::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Neonatal treatment with tamoxifen causes immediate alterations of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and medial preoptic area in male rats","volume":"56","author":"Vancutsem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh292","article-title":"In utero exposure to organochlorines and age at menarche","volume":"19","author":"Vasiliu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib144","first-page":"429","article-title":"Effect of various doses of estrogen to BALB\/c Crgl neonatal female mice on mammary growth and branching at 5 weeks of age","volume":"9","author":"Warner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cell. Tissue Kinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7004","article-title":"Serum dioxin concentrations and age at menarche","volume":"112","author":"Warner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-3-1584","article-title":"Metabolism of pro-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in immortalized hypothalamic neurons","volume":"129","author":"Wetsel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(92)90029-9","article-title":"Effects of a phytoestrogen diet on estrogen-dependent reproductive processes in immature female rats","volume":"57","author":"Whitten","year":"1992","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.6.1843-1855.2003","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates degradation of estrogen receptor alpha through activation of proteasomes","volume":"23","author":"Wormke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6008","article-title":"Blood lead levels and sexual maturation in U.S. girls: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994","volume":"111","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1159\/000059434","article-title":"A role for hypothalamic astrocytes in dehydroepiandrosterone and estradiol regulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release by GnRH neurons","volume":"75","author":"Zwain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"}],"container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303720706001687?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303720706001687?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T05:34:19Z","timestamp":1555652059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303720706001687"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"references-count":150,"alternative-id":["S0303720706001687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-7207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-7207","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}}}