{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T20:26:05Z","timestamp":1774988765931,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":287,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T10:29:14Z","timestamp":1660559354000},"page":"111753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Oleate restores altered autophagic flux to rescue palmitate lipotoxicity in hypothalamic neurons"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"557","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4767-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyuan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuck T.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neruja","family":"Loganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Bazinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7065-8591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise D.","family":"Belsham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116195","article-title":"Comprehensive profiling of plasma fatty acid concentrations in young healthy Canadian adults","volume":"10","author":"Abdelmagid","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.03.032","article-title":"Palmitate mediated diacylglycerol accumulation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, Plin2 degradation, and cell death in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts","volume":"354","author":"Akoumi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz149","article-title":"Rapamycin affects palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in osteoblasts by modulating apoptosis and autophagy","volume":"75","author":"Al Saedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-017-0594-9","article-title":"Preventive effect of oleate on palmitate-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and its mechanism of action","volume":"73","author":"Alkhateeb","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000381224","article-title":"Fatty acids, obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"8","author":"Arner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0946","article-title":"Generation of a phenotypic array of hypothalamic neuronal cell models to study complex neuroendocrine disorders","volume":"145","author":"Belsham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36714","article-title":"Palmitic acid mediates hypothalamic insulin resistance by altering PKC-theta subcellular localization in rodents","volume":"119","author":"Benoit","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d169","DOI":"10.2741\/A272","article-title":"Free fatty acids (FFA), a link between obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"3","author":"Boden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600299-JLR200","article-title":"Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum structure and integrity in lipotoxic cell death","volume":"47","author":"Borradaile","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0156-z","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolites in obesity, NAFLD and T2DM","volume":"15","author":"Canfora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08215FP","article-title":"Rapamycin protects against high fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"109","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07116.x","article-title":"Rapid de-esterification and loss of eicosapentaenoic acid from rat brain phospholipids: an intracerebroventricular study","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.02.001","article-title":"ER-phagy: quality control and turnover of endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"30","author":"Chino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0360348","article-title":"Fatty acids and glucolipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Cnop","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11107","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M708700200","article-title":"Oleate reverses palmitate-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in skeletal muscle cells","volume":"283","author":"Coll","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1547","article-title":"Reduction of hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress activates browning of white fat and ameliorates obesity","volume":"66","author":"Contreras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.12.016","article-title":"Loss of autophagy in pro-opiomelanocortin neurons perturbs axon growth and causes metabolic dysregulation","volume":"15","author":"Coupe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0003-4","article-title":"Mechanism and medical implications of mammalian autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Dikic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000350627","article-title":"Obesity: the gateway to ill health - an EASO position statement on a rising public health, clinical and scientific challenge in Europe","volume":"6","author":"Fruhbeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.162","article-title":"Impaired autophagic flux is associated with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress during the development of NAFLD","volume":"5","author":"Gonzalez-Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0560","article-title":"Effect of weight loss with lifestyle intervention on risk of diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Hamman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.01.002","article-title":"A Neural basis for Octanoic acid regulation of energy balance","volume":"34","author":"Haynes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib24","article-title":"Palmitic acid reduces the autophagic flux in hypothalamic neurons by impairing autophagosome-lysosome fusion and endolysosomal dynamics","volume":"7","author":"Hernandez-Caceres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00176","article-title":"Palmitic acid reduces the autophagic flux and insulin sensitivity through the activation of the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) in the hypothalamic neuronal cell line N43\/5","volume":"10","author":"Hernandez-Caceres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.06.010","article-title":"Dietary fat, but not protein or carbohydrate, regulates energy intake and causes adiposity in mice","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metabol."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3240529","article-title":"Triacsin C blocks de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters but not recycling of fatty acid into phospholipid: evidence for functionally separate pools of acyl-CoA","volume":"324","author":"Igal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2011.260","article-title":"Loss of autophagy in hypothalamic POMC neurons impairs lipolysis","volume":"13","author":"Kaushik","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.05.066","article-title":"Oleate protects macrophages from palmitate-induced apoptosis through the downregulation of CD36 expression","volume":"488","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.012","article-title":"Why does obesity cause diabetes?","volume":"34","author":"Klein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1797280","article-title":"Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)(1)","volume":"17","author":"Klionsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.10.021","article-title":"Lysosomal degradation of membrane lipids","volume":"584","author":"Kolter","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2014.04.004","article-title":"Oleate prevents palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance and inflammatory signaling in neuronal cells","volume":"1843","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.05.013","article-title":"Knockdown of triglyceride synthesis does not enhance palmitate lipotoxicity or prevent oleate-mediated rescue in rat hepatocytes","volume":"1861","author":"Leamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113120","article-title":"Mechanisms driving palmitate-mediated neuronal dysregulation in the hypothalamus","volume":"10","author":"Lieu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7117","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.415729","article-title":"Oleic acid stimulates complete oxidation of fatty acids through protein kinase A-dependent activation of SIRT1-PGC1alpha complex","volume":"288","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.003251","article-title":"Effects of meals rich in either monounsaturated or saturated fat on lipid concentrations and on insulin secretion and action in subjects with high fasting triglyceride concentrations","volume":"93","author":"Lopez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.09.016","article-title":"Hypothalamic lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"1801","author":"Martinez de Morentin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2018.1474314","article-title":"Chloroquine inhibits autophagic flux by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion","volume":"14","author":"Mauthe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib40","series-title":"Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Insulin and Palmitate Actions on Clonal, Hypothalamic Cell Lines Expressing Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Peptide","author":"Mayer","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.02.031","article-title":"Insulin directly regulates NPY and AgRP gene expression via the MAPK MEK\/ERK signal transduction pathway in mHypoE-46 hypothalamic neurons","volume":"307","author":"Mayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-019-0352-9","article-title":"A high-fat diet induces rapid changes in the mouse hypothalamic proteome","volume":"16","author":"McLean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.184341","article-title":"Differential roles of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocytes","volume":"339","author":"Mei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.01.072","article-title":"Palmitate is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of humans with obesity and induces memory impairment in mice via pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha","volume":"30","author":"Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32324","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.254417","article-title":"Defective hypothalamic autophagy directs the central pathogenesis of obesity via the IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta)\/NF-kappaB pathway","volume":"286","author":"Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-016-4223-0","article-title":"Serum n-3 tetracosapentaenoic acid and tetracosahexaenoic acid increase following higher dietary alpha-linolenic acid but not docosahexaenoic acid","volume":"52","author":"Metherel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2760-08.2009","article-title":"Saturated fatty acids produce an inflammatory response predominantly through the activation of TLR4 signaling in hypothalamus: implications for the pathogenesis of obesity","volume":"29","author":"Milanski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.224","article-title":"Relationship between body fat mass and free fatty acid kinetics in men and women","volume":"17","author":"Mittendorfer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15038","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid protection against palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells involves enhancement of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis and necroptosis","volume":"155","author":"Montero","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00037.2018","article-title":"Impact of lipotoxicity on tissue \"cross talk\" and metabolic regulation","volume":"34","author":"Montgomery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib51","article-title":"Chronic high fat diet consumption impairs metabolic health of male mice","volume":"1","author":"Morselli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3745","article-title":"Neurobiology of food intake in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Morton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1359451","article-title":"Lipid droplets and lipotoxicity during autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201489363","article-title":"Unsaturated fatty acids induce non-canonical autophagy","volume":"34","author":"Niso-Santano","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.11.009","article-title":"Palmitic and oleic acid: the yin and yang of fatty acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"29","author":"Palomer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-0624","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y deficiency attenuates responses to fasting and high-fat diet in obesity-prone mice","volume":"55","author":"Patel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41393-8","article-title":"High sensitivity negative ion GC-MS method for detection of desaturated and chain-elongated products of deuterated linoleic and linolenic acids","volume":"33","author":"Pawlosky","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1369","article-title":"Oleate blocks palmitate-induced abnormal lipid distribution, endoplasmic reticulum expansion and stress, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle","volume":"152","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2009.11.2074","article-title":"The medical risks of obesity","volume":"121","author":"Pi-Sunyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax3769","article-title":"Cellular quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy","volume":"366","author":"Pohl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119850","article-title":"Saturated fatty acids modulate autophagy's proteins in the hypothalamus","volume":"10","author":"Portovedo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1003","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90377.2008","article-title":"Hypothalamic proinflammatory lipid accumulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"296","author":"Posey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.231","article-title":"Total fat intake modifies plasma fatty acid composition in humans","volume":"131","author":"Raatz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.11.004","article-title":"Inhibition of autophagy with bafilomycin and chloroquine decreases mitochondrial quality and bioenergetic function in primary neurons","volume":"11","author":"Redmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12900","article-title":"Acute effects of fatty acids on autophagy in NPY neurones","volume":"32","author":"Reginato","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.02.053","article-title":"Saturated fatty acids engage an IRE1alpha-dependent pathway to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in myeloid cells","volume":"14","author":"Robblee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.06.014","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic brain fatty acid composition in low and high fat diet-fed mice","volume":"5","author":"Rodriguez-Navas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15259","article-title":"Neuronal control of peripheral insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Ruud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","article-title":"mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease","volume":"168","author":"Saxton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.09.020","article-title":"Principles of lysosomal membrane degradation: cellular topology and biochemistry of lysosomal lipid degradation","volume":"1793","author":"Schulze","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00186","article-title":"Free Fatty acids and their metabolism affect function and survival of podocytes","volume":"5","author":"Sieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0336-z","article-title":"Obesity as disruptor of the female fertility","volume":"16","author":"Silvestris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.043","article-title":"IL-6 improves energy and glucose homeostasis in obesity via enhanced central IL-6 trans-signaling","volume":"19","author":"Timper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15504","article-title":"Palmitate-mediated induction of neuropeptide Y expression occurs through intracellular metabolites and not direct exposure to proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"159","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00351","article-title":"NAMPT and BMAL1 are independently involved in the palmitate-mediated induction of neuroinflammation in hypothalamic neurons","volume":"11","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib77","series-title":"Regulation of Gnrh mRNA Expression by the \u03c9-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid and the Saturated Fatty Acid Palmitate in a GnRH-Synthesizing Neuronal Cell Model","author":"Tran","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.10.028","article-title":"Palmitate and nitric oxide regulate the expression of spexin and galanin receptors 2 and 3 in hypothalamic neurons","volume":"447","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.11.017","article-title":"Palmitate induces neuroinflammation, ER stress, and Pomc mRNA expression in hypothalamic mHypoA-POMC\/GFP neurons through novel mechanisms that are prevented by oleate","volume":"472","author":"Tse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111567","article-title":"Role of CD36 in palmitic acid lipotoxicity in neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells","volume":"11","author":"Urso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051505","article-title":"Cardio-metabolic effects of high-fat diets and their underlying mechanisms-A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Wali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1352","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00230.2001","article-title":"Effects of dietary fat types on body fatness, leptin, and ARC leptin receptor, NPY, and AgRP mRNA expression","volume":"282","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.110991","article-title":"Palmitate differentially regulates Spexin, and its receptors Galr2 and Galr3, in GnRH neurons through mechanisms involving PKC, MAPKs, and TLR4","volume":"518","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16810","article-title":"Diet composition, not calorie intake, rapidly alters intrinsic excitability of hypothalamic AgRP\/NPY neurons in mice","volume":"5","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20117","article-title":"Fatty acid synthesis configures the plasma membrane for inflammation in diabetes","volume":"539","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11314","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b04402","article-title":"Identifying lipid metabolites influenced by oleic acid administration using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based lipidomics","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00372","article-title":"Lipotoxicity and beta cell maintenance in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0009-1","article-title":"Targeting autophagy in obesity: from pathophysiology to management","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303720722002015?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303720722002015?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T14:22:27Z","timestamp":1759587747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303720722002015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["S0303720722002015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-7207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-7207","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oleate restores altered autophagic flux to rescue palmitate lipotoxicity in hypothalamic neurons","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111753","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111753"}}