{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:24:55Z","timestamp":1791599095277,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:47:47Z","timestamp":1663980467000},"page":"111778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Maternal adaptations of the pancreas and glucose homeostasis in lactation and after lactation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"559","author":[{"given":"Xadeni","family":"Burgos-Gamez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Morales-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6531-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Fernandez-Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4161\/org.6.2.10374","article-title":"Non-\u03b2-cell progenitors of \u03b2-cells in pregnant mice","volume":"6","author":"Abouna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Organogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1677\/JME-06-0053","article-title":"Molecular regulation of pancreatic \u03b2-cell mass development, maintenance, and expansion","volume":"38","author":"Ackermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R2225","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00902.2006","article-title":"Postpartum glycemic homeostasis in early lactating rats is accompanied by transient and specific increase of soleus insulin response through IRS2\/AKT pathway","volume":"292","author":"Anh\u00ea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0010","article-title":"Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-regulated sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ - ATPase 2 expression by prolactin and glucocorticoids is involved in the adaptation of insulin secretory response during the peripartum period","volume":"195","author":"Anh\u00ea","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199305000-00006","article-title":"Synthesis-secretion coupling of insulin: effect of pregnancy and lactation","volume":"8","author":"Baaziz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12716","article-title":"\u03b2-Cell adaptation in pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Baeyens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib7","first-page":"41P","article-title":"Pancreatic secretion in lactating rats","volume":"229","author":"Barrowman","year":"1973","journal-title":"J.Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5730","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0517","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced impairment of mammary gland involution is associated with STAT5 and STAT3 signaling modulation","volume":"151","author":"Bertucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2012.9.407","article-title":"Islet neogenesis: a possible pathway for beta-cell replenishment","volume":"9","author":"Bonner-Weir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Diabet. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib10","first-page":"3516","article-title":"FGF-21 and skeletal remodeling during and after lactation in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"155","author":"Bornstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinol. (United States)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00025.2004","article-title":"Regulation of pancreatic beta-cell mass","volume":"85","author":"Bouwens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00169.2010","article-title":"UPR induces transient burst of apoptosis in islets of early lactating rats through reduced AKT phosphorylation via ATF4\/CHOP stimulation of TRB3 expression","volume":"300","author":"Bromati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2540011","article-title":"Regulation by insulin of glucose metabolism in mammary gland of anaesthetized lactating rats. Stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1 by fructose 2,6-biphosphate and activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase","volume":"254","author":"Burnol","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib14","first-page":"E183","article-title":"Effect of insulin on in vivo glucose utilization in individual tissues of anesthetized lactating rats","volume":"252","author":"Burnol","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib15","article-title":"Glucose metabolism during lactation in the rat: quantitative and regulatory aspects","volume":"8","author":"Burnol","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1986.251.5.E537","article-title":"Increased insulin sensitivity and responsiveness during lactation in rats","volume":"251","author":"Burnol","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1809-6","article-title":"Adaptive changes in pancreatic beta cell fractional area and beta cell turnover in human pregnancy","volume":"53","author":"Butler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.2.299","article-title":"Adjustments in energy expenditure and substrate utilization during late pregnancy and lactation","volume":"69","author":"Butte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00317-7","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling pancreatic islet cell function in insulin secretion","volume":"22","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007363","article-title":"Gastro-intestinal hypertrophy in the lactating rat and its relation to food intake","volume":"171","author":"Campbell","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-019-00714-4","article-title":"Morphological, hormonal, and molecular changes in different maternal tissues during lactation and post-lactation","volume":"69","author":"Canul-Medina","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-20-0184","article-title":"Maternal adaptations of pancreatic islets and glucose metabolism after lactation","volume":"248","author":"Canul-Medina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/jbiol139","article-title":"The origin and evolution of lactation","volume":"8","author":"Capuco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.03.037","article-title":"Coexistence of insulin resistance and increased glucose tolerance in pregnant rats: a physiological mechanism for glucose maintenance","volume":"90","author":"Carrara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2139-z","article-title":"Differential regulation of adaptive and apoptotic unfolded protein response signalling by cytokine-induced nitric oxide production in mouse pancreatic beta cells","volume":"54","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3000257","article-title":"Regulation of rat mammary-gland uptake of orally administered [1-14C]triolein by insulin and prolactin: evidence for bihormonal control of lipoprotein lipase activity","volume":"300","author":"Da Costa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2007.09.015","article-title":"Formation and regeneration of the endocrine pancreas","volume":"19","author":"Dhawan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/19382014.2015.1024405","article-title":"Structural similarities and differences between the human and the mouse pancreas","volume":"7","author":"Dolen\u0161ek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Islets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2217\/dmt.10.24","article-title":"Mechanisms in the adaptation of maternal \u03b2-cells during pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Ernst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2330249","article-title":"Glucose utilization in vivo and insulin-sensitivity of rat brown adipose tissue in various physiological and pathological conditions","volume":"233","author":"Ferre","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0930279","article-title":"Regulation of insulin receptors by prolactin in lactating rat mammary gland","volume":"93","author":"Flint","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(86)80479-9","article-title":"Variation among species in the endocrine control of mammary growth and function: the roles of prolactin, growth hormone, and placental lactogen","volume":"69","author":"Forsyth","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-77-5-841","article-title":"Corticosteroid-binding globulin in the rat: studies on the sex difference","volume":"77","author":"Gala","year":"1965","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022852700266","article-title":"Evolution of the mammary gland defense system and the ontogeny of the immune system","volume":"7","author":"Goldman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.02.049","article-title":"Dexras1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase","volume":"316","author":"Graham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1197","article-title":"Duration of lactation and incidence of the metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age according to gestational diabetes mellitus status: a 20-year prospective study in CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults)","volume":"59","author":"Gunderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026332304435","article-title":"Adaptation of the maternal intestine during lactation","volume":"2","author":"Hammond","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-214-44083","article-title":"Prolactin's effects on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and on LPL mRNA levels in cultured mouse mammary gland explants","volume":"214","author":"Hang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1014929","article-title":"Plasma, glucose, insulin, glucagon and prolactin during long lasting lactation","volume":"16","author":"Hennart","year":"1984","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1003","article-title":"Prolactin receptor is required for normal glucose homeostasis and modulation of \u03b2-cell mass during pregnancy","volume":"150","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000293752","article-title":"Changes in pancreatic B cell function during late pregnancy, early lactation and postlactation","volume":"25","author":"Hubinont","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-118-2-687","article-title":"Influence of lactation upon pancreatic islet function","volume":"118","author":"Hubinont","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10740","article-title":"Light scattering as an intrinsic indicator for pancreatic islet cell mass and secretion","volume":"5","author":"Ilegems","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810315)47:6+<1640::AID-CNCR2820471430>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Effects of gastrointestinal hormones on pancreatic growth","volume":"47","author":"Johnson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1980.239.5.G400","article-title":"Stimulation of pancreatic growth by intraduodenal amino acids and HCl","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0414","article-title":"Gastrointestinal capacity, gut hormones and appetite change during rat pregnancy and lactation","volume":"157","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.2.113","article-title":"Trophic effects of gestation and lactation on rat duodenum","volume":"2","author":"Jolicoeur","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2200455","article-title":"Physiological significance of altered insulin metabolism in the conscious rat during lactation","volume":"220","author":"Jones","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146812","article-title":"Menin controls growth of pancreatic \u00df-cells in pregnant mice and promotes gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"318","author":"Karnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science (80-"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4161\/isl.1.2.9480","article-title":"Islet architecture: a comparative study","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Islets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2173","article-title":"Serotonin regulates pancreatic beta cell mass during pregnancy","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(86)90054-X","article-title":"Milk yield and composition in mice: effects of litter size and lactation number","volume":"84","author":"Knight","year":"1986","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. -- Part A Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(89)90052-8","article-title":"Glucose and insulin responses during mixed meals or infusion of glucose in pregnant and lactating rats","volume":"46","author":"Koiter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00027.2015","article-title":"Maternal mineral and bone metabolism during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning recovery","volume":"96","author":"Kovacs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib55","series-title":"Type 1 Diabetes - Pathogenesis, Genetics and Immunotherapy","article-title":"Beta-cell function and failure in type 1 diabetes","author":"Lazo de la Vega-Monroy","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.047","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1135","article-title":"The regulation of Rasd1 expression by glucocorticoids and prolactin controls peripartum maternal insulin secretion","volume":"153","author":"Lellis-Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib58","first-page":"428","article-title":"Influence of lactation on oral glucose tolerance in the puerperium","volume":"98","author":"Lenz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib59","series-title":"Arizona Medicine","first-page":"13","article-title":"Physiology of the pancreas","author":"Leung","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib60","article-title":"Changes in gastrin levels, food intake, and duodenal mucosal growth during lactation","volume":"6","author":"Lichtenberger","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. Gastrointest. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1976.tb00866.x","article-title":"Changes in the oral glucose tolerance test during the puerperium","volume":"83","author":"Lind","year":"1976","journal-title":"BJOG An Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1969.217.1.228","article-title":"Relationship of gastric secretion to food intake in lactating rats","volume":"217","author":"Long","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Content"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1250081","article-title":"Hypoinsulinaemia in the lactating rat is caused by a decreased glycaemic stimulus to the pancreas","volume":"125","author":"Madon","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib64","first-page":"373","article-title":"The endocrine pancreas during pregnancy and lactation in the rat","volume":"5","author":"Marynissen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Dev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.36.8.883","article-title":"Influence of lactation on morphometric and secretory variables in pancreatic \u03b2-cell of mildly diabetic rats","volume":"36","author":"Marynissen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib66","first-page":"17","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes of the pancreatic beta-cell and the insulin secretion by islets from lactating and non-lactating rats","volume":"7","author":"Marynissen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Dev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.44","article-title":"The endocrine pancreas: insights into development, differentiation, and diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Mastracci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1300187","article-title":"Enhanced cell proliferation by hyperprolactinemia in both exocrine and endocrine pancreas in mice","volume":"130","author":"Matsuda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422408100749","article-title":"Evolution of lactation: nutrition v. protection with special reference to five mammalian species","volume":"21","author":"McClellan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031666","article-title":"Regulation of energy metabolism by bone-derived hormones","volume":"8","author":"Mera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.039610","article-title":"Weaning initiates a rapid and powerful anabolic phase in the rat maternal skeleton","volume":"73","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.50.53","article-title":"Decrease in insulin secretion in lactating rats","volume":"50","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1002088","article-title":"Arginine stimulated glucagon and insulin secretion by islets of Langerhans of pregnant and lactating rats","volume":"25","author":"Moes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078560","article-title":"Alterations of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and expression of genes involved in mammary gland and adipose tissue lipid metabolism during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"8","author":"Moffett","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00364.2009","article-title":"Mechanisms to conserve glucose in lactating women during a 42-h fast","volume":"297","author":"Mohammad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2017.12.019","article-title":"Oxytocin is present in islets and plays a role in beta-cell function and survival","volume":"100","author":"Mohan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay0455","article-title":"Lactation improves pancreatic \u03b2 cell mass and function through serotonin production","volume":"12","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158414","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (1-36) enhances beta cell regeneration and increases beta cell mass in a mouse model of partial pancreatectomy","volume":"11","author":"Mozar","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00025.2016","article-title":"The new biology and pharmacology of glucagon","volume":"97","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s003910170015","article-title":"The role of apoptosis in aging and age-related disease: Update","volume":"34","author":"Muradian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Z. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib81","first-page":"E1006","article-title":"MKP-1 mediates glucocorticoid-induced ERK1\/2 dephosphorylation and reduction in pancreatic \u03b2-cell proliferation in islets from early lactating mothers","volume":"299","author":"Nicoletti-Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2016.1165776","article-title":"Beta cell adaptation in pregnancy: a tribute to Claes Hellerstr\u00f6m","volume":"121","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ups. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19420","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310953110","article-title":"Serotonin regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic \u03b2 cells during pregnancy","volume":"110","author":"Ohara-Imaizumi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.08.070188.000431","article-title":"Energy costs of lactation","volume":"8","author":"Prentice","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29103","article-title":"Islet \u03b2 cell failure in type 2 diabetes","volume":"116","author":"Prentki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1450519","article-title":"Mammary gland development and lactation are controlled by different glucocorticoid receptor activities","volume":"145","author":"Reichardt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.001","article-title":"Expansion of \u03b2-cell mass in response to pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Rieck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.18.5.268","article-title":"Pancreatic insulin content of nonpregnant, pregnant and postpartum rats and the developing rat fetus","volume":"18","author":"Rishi","year":"1969","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1760343","article-title":"Evidence for a role of insulin in the regulation of lipogenesis in lactating rat mammary gland. Measurements of lipogenesis in vivo and plasma hormone concentrations in response to starvation and refeeding","volume":"176","author":"Robinson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-1059","article-title":"Conversion of \u03b1-cells to \u03b2-cells in the postpartum mouse pancreas involves Lgr5 progeny","volume":"70","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19790072","article-title":"The effects of pregnancy and lactation on the activities of trypsin and \u03b1-chymotrypsin in the rat pancreas","volume":"41","author":"Rolls","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5461","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.12.7588296","article-title":"Apoptosis contributes to the involution of beta cell mass in the post partum rat pancreas","volume":"136","author":"Scaglia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1913-7","article-title":"Placental lactogens induce serotonin biosynthesis in a subset of mouse beta cells during pregnancy","volume":"53","author":"Schraenen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.03.016","article-title":"Lactation and maternal risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based study","volume":"123","author":"Schwarz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101512-122405","article-title":"Pancreas organogenesis: from lineage determination to morphogenesis","volume":"29","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12495","article-title":"Co-ordinated regulation of neurogenin-3 expression in the maternal and fetal pancreas during pregnancy","volume":"93","author":"S\u00f8strup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109750","article-title":"Sustained oscillations of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin from the isolated canine pancreas during exposure to a constant glucose concentration","volume":"65","author":"Stagner","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4161\/isl.2.3.11815","article-title":"Pancreatic islet plasticity: interspecies comparison of islet architecture and composition","volume":"2","author":"Steiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Islets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.20.2601","article-title":"Duration of lactation and incidence of type 2 diabetes","volume":"294","author":"Stuebe","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1103034","article-title":"The reset hypothesis: lactation and maternal metabolism","volume":"26","author":"Stuebe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1093852","article-title":"Plasma glucose, progesterone and immunoreactive insulin levels in the lactating rat","volume":"6","author":"Sutter Dub","year":"1974","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61850-1","article-title":"Biphasic changes in \u03b2-cell mass around parturition are accompanied by increased serotonin production","volume":"10","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0505","article-title":"Dexamethasone during pregnancy impairs maternal pancreatic \u03b2-cell renewal during lactation","volume":"8","author":"Teixeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.9.2557","article-title":"Very slow turnover of \u03b2-cells in aged adult mice","volume":"54","author":"Teta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0028","article-title":"Role of gastrointestinal hormones in the proliferation of normal and neoplastic tissues","volume":"24","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.1.8178","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation to feeding and fasting during lactation in humans","volume":"87","author":"Tigas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100398","article-title":"Contribution of a non-\u03b2-cell source to \u03b2-cell mass during pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Toselli","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI77030","article-title":"S6K1 controls pancreatic \u03b2 cell size independently of intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"125","author":"Um","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1978.tb15835.x","article-title":"A morphological study of the endocrine pancreas in human pregnancy","volume":"85","author":"Van Assche","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030714","article-title":"Animal models for in vivo lactation studies: anatomy, physiology and milk compositions in the most used non\u2010clinical species: a contribution from the conception project","volume":"11","author":"Ventrella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19890006","article-title":"Endocrine control of metabolic adaptation during lactation","volume":"48","author":"Vernon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0020","article-title":"Long-term increase of insulin secretion in mice subjected to pregnancy and lactation","volume":"9","author":"Vicente","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0885-8","article-title":"Duration of breast-feeding and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Shanghai Women's Health Study","volume":"51","author":"Villegas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1969.216.3.655","article-title":"Influence of cycling, pregnancy, labor, and suckling on corticosterone-ACTH levels","volume":"216","author":"Voogt","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.018","article-title":"Glucose uptake and Runx2 synergize to orchestrate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation","volume":"162","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.04.013","article-title":"Vitamin D switches BAF complexes to protect \u03b2 cells","volume":"173","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.4.7409","article-title":"Dexamethasone counteracts the effect of prolactin on islet function: implications for islet regulation in late pregnancy","volume":"141","author":"Weinhaus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.2007.S154","article-title":"Beta-cell adaptation and decompensation during the progression of diabetes","volume":"50","author":"Weir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"K93","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(80)80574-6","article-title":"Integration of metabolism in tissues of the lactating rat","volume":"117","author":"Williamson","year":"1980","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.2.0232","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor\/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) interactions enhance stat5 activation by prolonging STAT5 DNA binding and tyrosine phosphorylation","volume":"13","author":"Wyszomierski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2014.09.005","article-title":"Regulation of SERCA pumps expression in diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Zarain-Herzberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.04.017","article-title":"Milk energy output during peak lactation in shaved Swiss mice","volume":"101","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90083-O","article-title":"Repeated pregnancy without lactation: effects on maternal glycemic control, pregnancy outcome, carcass composition, and fat distribution in rats","volume":"39","author":"Zhong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030372072200226X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030372072200226X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T14:22:51Z","timestamp":1759587771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030372072200226X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":123,"alternative-id":["S030372072200226X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-7207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-7207","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Maternal adaptations of the pancreas and glucose homeostasis in lactation and after lactation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111778","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111778"}}